Uyini apharathasi Ilizarov?

Ngo-1951 edalwa yafika Yokuvukela traumatology kanye amathambo - apharathasi Ilizarov. Ngenxa yalokho kukuwe kulesi sikhathi samanje, akukho enye indlela ithambo ukuhlukumezeka akuzange wathola ezifundwayo ezifana kokusungulwa Gavriil Abramovich Ilizarov.

Ilizarov apharathasi imelelwa izindandatho metal zimbili ngazimbili of spokes. Egibele emnyangweni ithuluzi metaphyseal bone nge intersecting metal izintambo of ubukhulu ezahlukene.

Esikhathini zamashumi amahlanu kwekhulu lamashumi amabili, ososayensi abaningi baye bazama ukudala kwedivayisi kwamanethiwekhi osteosynthesis chreskostnogo, kodwa yasungulwa eyodwa kuphela - i Ilizarov kulandzelana nekuhlunga tinsita. Izinkinga ukufakwa kudivayisi lincishisiwe kusukela kule yunithi inikeza izinga immobilization esitho obonakele.

Ukunikeza ukusebenza olungaphelele endaweni elimele (ekubuyiseleni eziveza yakhe kanye neminye imisebenzi), le ndlela bavunyelwe ukusebenzisa ngesikhathi ukwelashwa imisipha nemilenze ukuthi hhayi kuphela washesha inqubo nokuvuselelwa, kodwa futhi kwaholela ukusheshisa inqubo Fusion imvuthuluka. Lesi sici ngenxa yokuthi ukusebenza kwe-obonakele esitho ukugeleza kwegazi kuyathuthuka hhayi kuphela yayo kwemisipha izicubu, kodwa futhi ukuba ithambo kumiswa. liningi igazi Ukwandiswa callus ikhuthaza Fusion ekuseni imvuthuluka nezicubu ukuphulukiswa.

Isici esiphawulekayo Ilizarov apharathasi azifani waso nezindlela ezihlukahlukene zokusisebenzisa. Ngenxa ukulungiswa kanye namadivayisi eyengeziwe ezihlukahlukene, le nqubo ye osteosynthesis ithole isicelo ebanzi zokwelapha zanamuhla.

Ukunikeza eliphezulu ukulungisa esitho ezilimele, Ilizarov apharathasi ukwakha ubuncane (variable) diastasis izinsalela nezicubu ukuze sikhuthaze izicubu ukukhula. Lesi sici avunyelwe ukuyisebenzisa hhayi kuphela ekwelapheni waphuka, kodwa nezalo yokutakula yezinye kwezinso yokwakheka (ngokuvamile kakhulu obuphelele ezahlukene nemilenze).

omkhulu yezabasebenzi kanye Ilizarov iqembu lonke ososayensi nodokotela abasebenza ukudala ama-apharathasi, owawusekelwe kokusungulwa kuyinto enhle kakhulu, kungekho analogue kuze kube manje. Le divayisi ezisetshenziswa kakhulu namuhla, lokhu legatsha imithi njengoba "ukuhlukumezeka". Ilizarov apharathasi unezinkolelo konke okuhle engasetshenziswa e osteosynthesis.

Namuhla, le divayisi lithole ezinye izinguquko. Ngakho, ososayensi olwenziwa eziningi ucwaningo luye lwabonisa ukuthi izinto ezenza kokungathembeki zedivayisi kwasekuqaleni ngenxa spokes, futhi sizimisele kuphela ukuqina yabo (ubukhulu kanye edonsa amandla emasongweni eziveza), kodwa futhi perekrestov engela. Futhi rigidity enkulu ebonwe perekrestov wakhuluma i-engela degrees ayisishiyagalolunye. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukwehlisa ukulimala metaphyseal ithambo izicubu (by odlula spokes) ithiphu ezahlukene (nesijula triquetrous futhi okwenyanga) zadalwa. Ukuze andise umthwalo kungenzeka phezu Ilizarov apharathasi ezindaweni ukudlula spokes ngqo ngokusebenzisa izicubu ithambo amasayithi athile zadalwa ezikhulisa asekelayo amadivayisi ngaphezulu. iphuzu okunjalo pad ngokuyisisekelo etholakala ingxenye eyinhloko spokes. Indima pads saliphosa ongenza zonke izinhlobo esonta spokes nokunamathisela ngomthofu kuso futhi aba lakamuva.

Ucwaningo lwamuva kuye kwenza ukudala spokes-camera nge enamathela ekhethekile, ekhuthaza umsebenzi zokwenziwa ithambo.

Kuze kube manje, amalungiselelo Ilizarov ilungele ekuhleleni kabusha izinsalela, futhi mhlawumbe ungoyedwa idivayisi yayo uhlobo osteosynthesis percutaneous.