Ungayifaka kanjani amasethingi e-router? Ngingena kanjani kuzilungiselelo ze-TP-Link ne-D-Link router?

Kunemiyalo eminingi emithonjeni yokusetha ama-routers angenantambo, kodwa konke okuphathelene nokuphathwa okuqondile kwe-router. Abasebenzisi abaningi kulolu cwaningo oluhlongozwayo, akekho ochaza ukuthi ungangena kanjani kuzilungiselelo zomzila, ngakho-ke injongo yalesi sihloko izoba incazelo ngezinyathelo ezinyathelo ngezinyathelo zokufaka amasethingi e-router. Akukho lutho oluyinkimbinkimbi kulokhu, noma yimuphi umsebenzisi angazimela ngokuzimela, ephinda izenzo ezinconywayo, ukuxhuma nokulungisa umzila ngemizuzu embalwa. Futhi, kusukela kulesi sihloko, umfundi uzofunda ngazo zonke izinhlobo zezinkinga ezingabhekana nomsebenzi, nesisombululo sabo endaweni.

Idatha yokufaka

Ukuxhuma, uzodinga i-router, intambo yokubamba iqhaza (ikhebula eliphakathi kwe-eight-core elingaphansi, isiqeshana se-RG-45 esicindezelwe ezinhlangothini zombili ngenhloso yokufinyelela engenazintambo) nekhompyutha yomuntu siqu (noma i-laptop).

Isibonelo, ukucushwa kwe- TP-Link router kuzokwenziwa, njengoba kusemakethe yasekhaya yabasebenzisi abaningi. Eqinisweni, akekho umehluko othile phakathi kwabakhiqizi, umehluko ungaba kuphela ekhelini le-pointpoint yokufinyelela ngokwayo, ekungeneni ngemvume nephasiwedi. Ngendlela, ukuze ufunde, udinga ukuvula idivayisi futhi ujwayele ulwazi olulotshwe ngesisekelo se-router (IP-ikheli, ukungena ngemvume, iphasiwedi). Ezimweni eziningi, ikheli le-IP lingu-192.168.0.1 (mhlawumbe 192.168.1.1), futhi igama lomsebenzisi nephasiwedi yi: admin.

Ukuxhumana kwangokwenyama

I-router (i-modem) idinga ukuxhumeka emthonjeni wamandla futhi uqinisekise ukuthi isebenzayo (okungenani ukukhanya okukodwa kwipaneli yenkomba kuvele). Intambo yokuhlanganisa kufanele ixhunywe ekhadini lenethiwekhi yekhomputha ngenye indlela ekupheleni komunye umkhawulo wekhebula kusixhumi somzila. Kudivayisi, kuvamile ukuhlukanisa phakathi kokufakelwa kwenethiwekhi kanye nemiphumela (ngokuvamile banemibala ehlukene). Okokufaka okukodwa kokuxhumeka ku-inthanethi kufanele kube nesiginesha se-WAN noma uhluke kwezinye izikhumulo (esayinwe yi-LAN) ngombala. Ukuxhuma kwikhompyutha kufanele kwenziwe kuphela kwi-interface ye-LAN (noma ubani, ake kube yi-LAN 1, ukuze ungadideki).

Uma amadivaysi amabili axhunyiwe kwipaneli yolwazi lom router, i-LED izokhanya, ezokwazisa umnikazi ukuthi ukuxhumeka kwenzekile. Isikrini sekhompyutheni sibonisa ulwazi olunikezwe ngempumelelo kwinethiwekhi yendawo. Kulesi sigaba, ukulungiswa komzila kumodi ye-WEB interface kwatholakala kumsebenzisi.

Isikhombisi sokuphatha nokucushwa

Ngaphambi kokufaka izilungiselelo ze-router, udinga ukunquma kwi-WEB interface ezosetshenziswa. Umkhiqizi uncoma ukusebenzisa isiphequluli esiphezulu se-Inthanethi Explorer, kodwa ngaso sonke isikhathi asibonisi kahle iphaneli yokulawula, ngakho-ke kufanelekile ukubuka izinhlelo ezihlukile: i-Mozilla Firefox, i-Opera i-Google Chrome.

Ngemuva kokuvula isiphequluli, udinga ukungena ama-IP-addrees kubha yamakheli, okuboniswa kule ilebula ngaphansi kwe-router (192.168.0.1 noma 192.168.1.1) bese ucindezela "hamba" (noma Faka kukhibhodi). Ku imenyu ebonakalayo kuyadingeka ukufaka ukungena ngemvume nephasiwedi, okubhalwe phansi ngaphansi komzila (cishe, umphathi) bese uchofoza inkinobho ethi "Ukungena" (noma Faka kukhibhodi). Ukugunyazwa okuphumelelayo kuzohlinzeka umsebenzisi ngephaneli lokulawula router.

Ukulinganiselwa kuzilungiselelo zekhompyutha

I-router (i-modem) ayikwazi ukulungiswa uma i-adaptha yenethiwekhi yekhompiyutha ingasebenzi ngokuzenzekelayo. Lokhu kungabonisa inkomba yokuxwayisa emgodini (ngezansi kwesokudla kwesikrini, eduze newashi). Kubonakala sengathi iphuzu lokumemeza kunxantathu eliphuzi noma elibomvu. Ezimweni ezinjalo, kutuswa ukuthatha ipeni, ishidi lephepha bese wenza okulandelayo kukhompyutha:

1. Hambisa isikhombisi segundane kusithonjana sokuxwayisa nokuchofoza ngakwesokudla kuso. Emenyu ebonakalayo, khetha "Isikhungo Sokulawula".
2. Ewindini evula, ngakwesokunxele ngakwesokunxele khetha "Shintsha imingcele ye-adapter".
3. Kusukela kuzinketho eziphakanyisiwe, khetha isithonjana esifunyiwe (kaningi kaningi sisayine njenge-Ethernet futhi sinesikhathi esinesixwayiso). Chofoza kuso nge inkinobho yegundane kwesokudla.
4. Khetha izindawo. Ebhokisini lengxoxo, thola bese usetha isikhombisi ekubhaleni "TCP / IPv4". Cindezela "Properties" futhi.
5. Kopisha zonke izilungiselelo zomqulu (imigqa emihlanu) ephepheni.
6. Setha ifulegi phambi kweminye imenyu ethi "thola ngokuzenzekelayo" kuzo zombili izinkambu. Chofoza inkinobho ethi "Kulungile", bese uvala wonke amathebhu avulekile.

Ukulwa ne-adaptha yenethiwekhi

Ukulungisa i-TP-Link router kukhompyutha akunakwenzeka uma umshayeli we-adaptha yenethiwekhi engafakiwe kukhompyutha. Lokhu kungenzeka, emva kokuvuselela uhlelo lokusebenza (khona-ke "ku-Control Center" ngeke nje kube yisithonjana esifunayo). Ngokwemvelo, udinga ukuya endaweni esemthethweni yomkhiqizi we-motherboard (noma i-laptop) bese ulanda isofthiwe efanele.

Kungenzeka ukuthi uma ukusesha i- "TCP / IPv4" kungaphumeleli - ohlwini, ngaphandle kwe "TCP / IPv6", umsebenzisi akatholi oyifunayo. Ukuze wenze lokhu, kunenkinobho ethi "Faka" ebhokisini lengxoxo efanayo. Kuyadingeka ukhethe "iProtokholi" nakwezinketho ezinikeziwe ukukhomba isikhombimsebenzisi esifunayo "TCP / IPv4". Uma kungekho okunye okukhethwa kukho ukusetha i-adaptha yenethiwekhi eye yasize, sekuyisikhathi sokubuyela kubachwepheshe be-IT abazoxazulula umsebenzi womsebenzisi.

Imikhawulo yomhlinzeki kuzilungiselelo ze-router

Abahlinzeki abaningi banikeza abasebenzisi nge-router yabo siqu, ukusebenza kumanethiwekhi abo. Ngokuvamile, abaphathi bekampani bahlela amaphasiwedi abo ukuze bafinyelele iphaneli yokulawula yedivayisi. Izinketho ezimweni ezinjalo aziziningi: ukuthola idatha yokufinyelela kusuka kumhlinzeki (okungavamile ukuthi amandla anjalo ayatholakala) noma ukwenza kabusha ngokugcwele (kuzilungiselelo zamaphrojekthi) yedivayisi. Okukhethwa kwesibili kuthatha ukuthi ukumiswa komzila (iphasiwedi nokungena ngemvume, kunguqulo yefektri kufanele kwaziwe kumnikazi) kuzoxhomeka kumsebenzisi. Ngakho-ke, ngaphambi kokusetha kabusha, udinga ubunikazi obugcwele besimo, ngoba ngokuvamile umhlinzeki usebenzisa izilungiselelo ezingejwayelekile (PPTP, VPN, PPPoE nokunye okunjalo) ukuze uxhumane. Yonke imininingwane yokuxhumeka kufanele ibe ngakwesandla somsebenzisi.

Ukuxhumeka okungaxhunyiwe ku-router

Uma umsebenzisi, ngaphambi kokufaka amasethingi e-router, uthola ukungabikho kwekhebula lesikhamera se-catch, noma i-laptop ayikhombisi isixhumi esifanele, ungadikibali. Amadivayisi amaningi asekela ukuphathwa kwendawo yokufinyelela nge-wireless Wi-Fi. Ukuze wenze lokhu, udinga ukusungula uxhumano phakathi kwamadivayisi amabili. Bese uvule isiphequluli bese uphinda izinyathelo ngokufaka ikheli lephoyinti lokufinyelela.

Ezimweni lapho i-router ayidingi ukugunyazwa ukufinyelela i-Wi-Fi, ochwepheshe batusa ukubeka iphasiwedi yokusebenzisa inethiwekhi engenantambo, ngaphandle kwalokho noma yisiphi isihlaseli ebangeni le-router angeke sibuyele kabusha kuphela iphuzu lokufinyelela kubo, kodwa futhi lilimaze wonke amadivayisi womsebenzisi .

Ukuxhumeka kude kude nomzila

Kuyinto eyodwa uma ulungisa i-D-Link DIR noma i-TP-Link router - amadivaysi angabizi kakhulu anqunywe yi-WEB interface, futhi ayikho indlela yokuthola ezinye izindlela. Abanikazi be-rous ASUS, i-LinkSYS, i-Cisco, i-Zuxel nabanye abameleli beklasi lebhizinisi bangasebenzisa uxhumano olukude kudivayisi noma ngekhebula le-COM-USB. Ukuphathwa nge-snap "console" kuyinto elula kakhulu ngoba ingabuyisela kabusha umzila phakathi kwemizuzwana embalwa ngezidingo zomnikazi (izikripthi ezikhethekile zenziwa ngale njongo, ezithunyelwa ku-router).

Ukuxhumana kulula: usebenzisa uhlelo lwe-Putty noma i-Telnet, umsebenzisi angakwazi ukufinyelela ikheli le-IP (Yebo, ngokufaka iphasiwedi futhi ungene ngemvume ukuze ugunyazwe). Khona-ke konke kwenzeka ezingeni lomyalo, elingatholakali ngevolumu egcwele hhayi kuphela emiyalweni yomzila, kodwa nakwebhusayithi esemthethweni yomkhiqizi esigabeni: "Ulawulo: ukulungiswa kwesinyathelo ngesinyathelo somgwaqo".

Ekuphethweni

Umfundi uyavuma ukuthi kulula ukufaka izilungiselelo ezingenazintambo zokufinyelela ezingenazintambo, into eyinhloko ukuthi amadivayisi womabili (i-router nekhompyutha yomuntu siqu) ayinayo izilungiselelo zamandla. Noma iyiphi inkinga ngokuxhumeka izobonisa ukuthi othile ulungise ukusebenza kwemishini yenethiwekhi. Ngemva kokuthola indlela yokufaka amasethingi e-router, noma yimuphi umsebenzisi angakwazi ukuxhuma kalula endaweni yokufinyelela engenazintambo futhi athole ukulawula okugcwele kwedivayisi.

Into esemqoka ukuthi umnikazi we-router kufanele azi ukuthi noma yikuphi amasethingi okwenzayo, akunakwenzeka ukulimaza i-router kanye nekhompyutha yomuntu siqu ezingeni lomzimba. Okuphezulu ongesaba ukubuyisela kabusha iWindows noma ukusetha kabusha iphuzu lokufinyelela kuzilungiselelo zefektri. Ngakho-ke, ngaphakathi kwaloluhlaka, ungakwazi kalula ukufunda zonke izicabha ezilungiselelweni zomzila.