Umqondo "semthethweni": kusho ukuthini?

Ukwanda yamuva ezimweni, lapho izizwe lamazwe ezihlukahlukene baye bazwakalisa ukungabethembi neziphathimandla lamazwe abo, press avele ngayo amazwi anjengokuthi "esisemthethweni" futhi "engumlanjwana". Kwabaningi, luhlala okungacaci ukuthi kushiwoni imiqondo le.

Semthethweni: kuyini?

Igama elithi "semthethweni" lisuselwa egameni lesi Latin Legitimus, okuyinto uhumusha ngokuthi "umthetho ngokomthetho," okusemthethweni. Ngo wezifundo zezombusazwe, leli gama libhekisela ukuqashelwa yokuzithandela abantu ngenxa igunya lomphakathi ukwenza izinqumo ngokuphathelene sonke isizwe. Esikhathini ezincwadini zesayensi, ungathola izimpendulo eziphelele imibuzo: "Igama elithi" semthethweni "- kuyini Indlela siyiqonde inkulumo? 'Semthethweni"? " Ngakho, kuba eside zezombusazwe kanye lomthetho kusho ekuvumeleni isimo sengqondo izakhamuzi zezwe ezikhungweni kwamandla. Ngokwemvelo, emazweni anjalo amandla ophakeme akayena umuntu osemthethweni. Nokho, lapho leli gama laqala ukusetshenziswa, kwakusho enye into ngokuphelele. Kwaba ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-19 eFrance, ngesikhathi usurpation kwamandla Napoleon. Ezinye iqembu amaFulentshi wafuna ukubuyisela kuphela igunya elimiswe ngokufanele yenkosi. Lokho isifiso monarchists futhi sasibizwa ngokuthi inkulumo ethi "izingadi semthethweni". Kuyini ezivumelana ukubaluleka kwengosi kuba lesiLatin elithi legitimus, kuba sobala. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, Republican waqala ukusebenzisa leli gama njengoba ukuqashelwa uHulumeni elisungulwe insimu yalo nezinye izifundazwe. Ngomqondo yesimanje semthethweni - kungcono ukwamukelwa yokuzithandela igunya uquqaba, okuyibona abaningi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, le mvume ngokuyinhloko ngenxa ukuhlolwa zokuziphatha: imibono yabo kwamadoda asebukhosini, ubulungisa, unembeza, ukuhlonipha, njll Ukuze bakwethembe uquqaba, uhulumeni uzama igxilise kuzo embonweni wokuthi zonke izinqumo zawo nezenzo ukuze kuzuze abantu ..

Izinhlobo semthethweni

Isazi sefilosofi omkhulu German futhi isazi sezokuhlalisana kwabantu Maks Veber esethula typology semthethweni. Ngokusho kwakhe, kukhona bendabuko, onekhono futhi enengqondo semthethweni.

• semthethweni kwesiko. Kuyini lokhu? Kwezinye izifundazwe, uquqaba zifa bekholelwa ukuthi uhulumeni - lingcwele, futhi sililalele - kwesiphetho ukuswela. Emiphakathini ezinjalo, amandla uthola isimo isiko. Njengoba ungacabanga, lokhu isimo ebonwe Kulezo zifunda lapho ubuholi yezwe ngofuzo (umbuso, emirate, sultanate, ubukhulu, nokunye. D.).
• semthethweni abanogazi kusekelwe ngokholo lwabantu benesithunzi ezehlukile negunya elilodwa noma kwenye umholi wezombangazwe. Kula mazwe, ukwakheka okubizwa ngokuthi ukukhulekela ubuntu. Ngenxa engasenathonya lwekhanda abantu ukuqala ukukholelwa sonke isimiso sezombangazwe esikhona kuleli zwe. Abantu uhlangabezana injabulo ngokomzwelo futhi ukulungele nhlobo ningilalela kuye. Ngokuvamile, ezifana uhlobo umholi Kumiswa ku kokusa ayenawo, ushintsho kwamandla ezombusazwe, nokunye. D.
• kwakhiwa semthethweni Rational noma yeningi is ngenxa ukuqashelwa izenzo abantu ubulungisa futhi izinqumo zababusi. Lolu hlobo itholakala imiphakathi ehleleke kakhulu. Kulokhu, ukuba semthethweni we zokulawula nohlaka olubhekele.

semtsetfweni kwembuso

Umqondo womuntu oyedwa isimo esisemthethweni kusekelwe ezimbili imiqondo: amandla futhi semthethweni. Isimo lolu hlobo, eqinisweni, unelungelo eligcwele ukuba balalele ezakhamuzi zayo, njengoba kulezi imiphakathi kwasekuqaleni kukhona umthetho. Ngakho-ke, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ubuntu amalungu ngamanye Government of abantu kumele zihloniphe imithetho ekhona kuleli lizwe. Uma izakhamuzi kungukuthi bayosuthiswa mithetho, futhi hhayi kuphela abazimisele ukulalela kwabo, bese okukhiphayo eziningana: ukuthuthela kwelinye izwe (Ukuhamba kusuka kuleli lizwe komunye), kokugumbuqelwa uhulumeni (inguquko), igunya, okuyinto igcwele isijeziso ngokunqaba umtsetfo alelo zwe. Semthethweni we state lo mshini lisuka kwesinye isizukulwane idluliselwe kwesinye ilungelo lokukhetha.