UMpheme Wesihlalo izitini ngezandla zakhe: isinyathelo ngesinyathelo imiyalelo, ongakhetha ezithakazelisayo kanye nezincomo

Uma ufuna ukwakha idizayini eyizingqabavu futhi iqine kompheme, kungcono ukusebenzisa isitini. Lo msebenzi kungenzeka ukuba afeze ngaphandle kosizo abakhi abangochwepheshe.

Isidingo ukulungiselela kahle

UMpheme Wesihlalo isitini noma omunye umsebenzi kungenziwa ngokuthi esinye sezici ezibaluleke kakhulu futhi kudingekile yokwakhiwa iyiphi injongo. Kungaba ukwakha ukwaziswa okufanayo ukuthi isetshenziswa ukuba kwakhiwe le esakhiweni. Ngakho-ke, kutuswa ukusetshenziswa izitini ngoba isitini futhi itshe izindlu. Namuhla kukhona izinhlobonhlobo eziningi izitini, zingaba imibala ehlukene nosayizi. Imikhiqizo akunzima eyolanda, kodwa kufanele kuhle silingane Ingaphandle lesi sakhiwo.

Professionals belulekwa ukusebenzisa izitini ngobumba, ngoba yenza ukuqina esiphezulu. Uma ufuna isakhiwo amashumi eminyaka ambalwa, kubalulekile ukuthuthukisa iphrojekthi bese wenza umdwebo. Kukhona imithetho, okuyinto batusa ukuba banamathele, ezifana izinyathelo ukuba ebanzi kuka umnyango oholela egumbini lokuphumula, izikhathi 1.5-1.8. Ukuphakama isakhiwo pad ungakwazi ukukwenza kufanele kulingane kumkhawulo 0.15 ukuze 0.2 m. Kulokhu, umpheme ngeke kuwele kwezulu kanye buthelela phezulu.

Ukwakha kompheme eyakhiwe ngezitini, kufanele sinake futhi yokuthi Uhlonze lwalo kufanele ibe mayelana 0.1 m. Of ukugcwalisa imisebenzi kumele kwenziwe nge eliphezulu isixazululo ukhonkolo. Qiniseka ukuthi ukwenza isisekelo ukhonkolo, lisebenzisa i-imfucumfucu ezivamile.

I engela ukuthambekela izinyathelo

Ngemva bathele ukhonkolo embozwe 15-cm kasimende screed. Ukuze umuntu ukugibela kwaba ezikahle, kubalulekile ukwenza amazinga lesifanele noma ukuchema kuzo. Ezinconyiwe enyakazayo ubuningi ziyahlukahluka kusuka 2.8 kuya 3,2 °. Nge amanzi anjalo noma ukuchema kuzo azogeleza esukela izinyathelo, hhayi ukwakha amaxhaphozi. Izinyathelo kufanele iyahambelana amaqembu izingxenye, futhi ungasebenzisa uhlobo olukhethekile. Kungenjalo, circuit Monolithic isetshenziswa, kuyilapho formwork wenziwa emabhodini. Ubude watusa isigaba-12 nengu-15 cm.

amathuluzi Ukulungiselela futhi izinto

Uma ungakujabulela iyahambelana kompheme isitini indlu yangasese ngezandla zakhe, kubalulekile ngaphambi kokuqala ukulungiselela izinto namathuluzi, kufaka phakathi:

• primer;
• yokugcizelela nemigoqo,
• isihlabathi;
• zingangenwa ngamanzi;
• amatshe;
• usimende;
• trowel unama.

Phakathi kwezinye izinto, uzodinga: lokwela, zama-tile, trowel, isakhiwo ezingeni, kanye ukhonkolo ukuxuba.

obeka isisekelo

Kudingekile ukuba baqale ukwakhiwa ne ezibaluleke kakhulu - isisekelo. Ukujula kwawo zompheme kufanele zifane ncamashi njengoba isisekelo endlini ukujula. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, izisekelo isakhiwo umpheme ziyohlala.

Uma usetha izisekelo on emazingeni ehlukene, iqala ukwakha phakathi kwabo isikhala ukuthi uyogcina yimbangela nolokubhujiswa izakhiwo. Ukubeka isisekelo ngaphansi kompheme isitini kuyadingeka ukuze algorithm ethile. Ngo esigabeni sokuqala ibhalwe nemingcele yejeyomethri isisekelo surface area. Lezi imisebenzi kusetshenziswa nezikhonkwane sokhuni, ezisetshenziswa sokusebenzisa mshini. Ngokulandelayo, umgodi bagubha futhi kwakheka kwi ukwehlukaniswa yezinyoni abalwazi kahle ulimi. Ukuze lokhu kuyadingeka isitoko grid ezindukwini ezimbili, isigaba ngesiphambano okuyinto 1 isentimitha. Kufanele usethe izinhlangothi isisekelo ngaphezu kobuso isayithi banayo ukwenza at 10 cm.

Can badlule ikhambi asakazwe isikhala esiteji okuyinto okulungiselelwe kusuka itshe ochotshoziwe, futhi isihlabathi usimende isilinganiso lezi zinhlobo zezindwangu zihlanganisa: 4: 1: 2. Lapho kompheme eyakhiwe ngezitini, ngemva bathele isixazululo udinga ulinde amasonto amane, kuze kube uqweqwe yome ngokuphelele. Ehlobo zalesi sigaba kuthatha cishe ezinsukwini ezingu-14. Uma uke waqinisekisa ukuthi ababenza lowo isisekelo kahle eqandisiwe, ungaqhubeka ukusebenza.

Ukwakhiwa kompheme

Izitini efakwe grout kasimende nesihlabathi, okuyinto ibhalwe Ingxenye 1 kuya ku-4 Nokho, okokuqala, kudingeka ukuba banakekele isakhiwo esihle isivikelo umswakama. Ungangenisi amanzi kungentiwa etindzabeni ukufulela wazizwa, okuyinto engabizi futhi eliphezulu ezibonakalayo, ivikelwe kahle nokusondelana amanzi. Ungangenisi amanzi ibekwe phezu ayehlala kuwo lapho ekuleso izingqimba ezimbili. Isinyathelo esilandelayo kuyoba ukufakwa umpheme sohlangothi olulodwa, lo mklamo silula. Kulesi sigaba ukwakhiwa ahlelwe ngokuhlanganyela akhiwe. Lokhu kukuvumela ukuba agcwalise umsebenzi ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka. Ngo inombolo sohlangothi olulodwa Umklamo izigaba kuzoncika ukuphakama cap, ke lingalingani.

Le ndlela yokwenza umsebenzi

Uma unquma ukwakha umpheme eyakhiwe ngezitini ngezandla zakhe, kubalulekile ukuba uhlanganise ikhambi ngokuthayipha ingxube nge spatula, wayesesibeka ohlangothini futhi phansi izitini. Umugqa wokuqala uyomenzela esigabeni sokuqala. Umugqa wesibili ibekwa ngemva it is yayicindezele izihloko igcwele lacinile. Izinyathelo wesithathu futhi okwalandela zidalwe okufanayo. Isakhiwo okuholela kufanele kwesokunxele cishe isonto, futhi phakathi naleso sikhathi ingxube kufanele kube kahle ezomile.

Abanye abantu ozama lula inqubo, zibekwe phezu azungezwe kompheme ezimbili noma ezintathu imigqa izitini, isikhala okuholela ligcwele isixazululo. Izindleko lezi imisebenzi buzoba buncane, njengoba yinkimbinkimbi ukusebenza. Nokho, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, akusiyo njalo kungenzeka ukuba uthole-design ekhangayo yangaphandle. Kaningi, izinyathelo izitini lakhiwa indlela ehlukile: Ngenxa yalesi izindonga side kuthiwa esakhiwe, futhi ngemva ukwakha isinyathelo. Kamuva sizoxoxa ngokuthi kule ubuchwepheshe.

Esinye isixazululo zompheme isitini

UMpheme endlini yangasese izitini lingakhiwa nangesinye ubuchwepheshe. Uma ungenayo i-esilindele indlela lapho kokubili izigaba zibekwe futhi bamba kakhulu, kungaba isinyathelo sokuqala ukwakha udonga ohlangothini. Umkhiqizo wokuqala kakhulu efakwe ifomu elivamile, kuyilapho benza izitini nezintambo ngoba amandla elandelayo uchungechunge iqala ngamakota amathathu. Phakathi imigqa umphetho elasungulwa, ogama ukujiya kuyinto mm eziyishumi.

Top kokuba wokwakha eyakhelwe kumele akha endaweni eqondile, umbhede engxenyeni engezansi okuyinto izosetshenziselwa emakhiyubhi kompheme esiteji. Isinyathelo esilandelayo uzobe grouting phakathi kwezitini, manipulations enjalo kwenziwe ngesikhathi lapho ikhambi namanje esimeni sayo yoqobo, kodwa kancane babanjwe. Kulesi sigaba, kuthathwa ngokuthi izindonga zakhelwe, ungakwazi manje uqale ukugcwalisa esiteji. Ngenxa yalesi ipulangwe isethi formwork futhi ifomu amabhodi kufanele kube efana izinyathelo ukumisa.

Okulandelayo kwakhiwa inkundla yokudlala, ukuze cap uthele phansi, okumele abe kahle uphawu. Ngesikhathi sigaba esilandelayo kubalulekile ukwenza emthambekeni kusayithi, kufanele uhambisane emthambekeni esiteji.

Izincomo umsebenzi

Uma ecabanga indlela yokwenza kompheme isitini, kubalulekile ukucabanga futhi mayelana nokuqiniswa isidingo, ngoba inkantini embondelene kude komunye nomunye-15 cm, nemishayo kufanele abe Ingxenye evundlile 6 mm. Ingxube ukhonkolo kufanele inikwe ukuma ofiselekayo ngokubheja esedlule isinyathelo shuttering amabhodi. Isigaba sokuqala zibekwe iphoyinti Ukuqinisa emalungeni ukuba ashiselwe. Esigabeni esilandelayo kuthululwe amatshe wabeka igridi, bese futhi wathela uhlalwane. Umklamo ligcwele grout.

Umugqa izitini yesibili ulaliswe ngendlela yokuthi wakwazi ukwakha izigaba yesibili futhi okwalandela. Kulesi ke kungenziwa bazitshela ukuthi umsebenzi usuphelile, ebusweni kungaba oblitsevat tile, imikhiqizo itshe noma izinto yokufakelwa.

Ezicashile umsebenzi

Lapho ungeze kompheme endlini izitini, udinga uphawu odongeni emgqeni, okuyinto kuyoba uyingcweti imikhiqizo nokupakisha. Lokhu kuzokwenza umklamo iqondile futhi flat ngangokunokwenzeka. Ukuphakama isinyathelo sokuqala ibalwa ikhumbula zokulala isihlabathi futhi Tile, ngakho-ke kufanele kube kancane ephakeme kunabanye. Uma silawula ukubeka ilahle, kubalulekile ukuba senze kanjalo, kodwa ezimweni eziningi, ukusebenzisa le ndlela akusebenzi, ngoba ukuphakama kuyinto ngempela ongaphakeme phakathi izigaba.

Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ungafaka udonga ohlangothini ukuze uthole ngifinyelele ejwayelekile. Ukuhlala emva kokuphothulwa amayunithi Kunconywa ukubeka phansi izinyathelo, ngeke bagcwalise isikhala futhi bachithe zokwakha ngokweqile.

Ngaphambi ukwakha umpheme eyakhiwe ngezitini, kufanele sicabange ngalokho izosetshenziswa uhlobo impahla. Ukubhekana isitini ukuba nizifeze zonke izigaba umsebenzi kungcono hhayi ukusebenzisa. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi umklamo sizobukeka sisihle, liyoba ziyaqothuka ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

imibono ezithakazelisayo

Brick kompheme kungase kubonakale bakudala, kodwa ezinye izingcweti ozama ukwenza kube yasekuqaleni. Ngakho, umqondo ezithakazelisayo ukwenza umyalelo, elingenhla ingxenye okwenziwé kasimende ukhonkolo, nimbize evele ohlangothini ngaphakathi akhiwe ngezitini zokuhlobisa. Kulokhu, uhlelo akaphelelwa izimfanelo amandla, futhi ukubonakala kwawo kuyoba ezikhangayo. UMpheme ngoba indlu yangasese izitini kungenziwa eyakhelwe ubuchwepheshe ngenhla, kodwa kukho enhle usebenzile yensimbi isimo ezisebenza kanye ukukhanyisa. Kulokhu, umnyango endlini uyobheka onesizotha.