Umdwebi Italian Antonello Da Messina: Biography, nobuciko kanye amaqiniso athakazelisayo

Antonello Da Messina - odumile umculi Italy. Ngasekuqaleni kwawo-Renaissance emelelwa esikoleni eningizimu umdwebo. Wayengumfundisi Alibrandi Girolamo, owayedume ngelika Rafael Messina. Ukuze kuzuzwe umbala ukujula ekumeni ezilihlukanisayo nezithombe olusankondlo, ukusebenzisa inqubo uwoyela imidwebo. Kulesi sihloko thina ngempela uzoyilalela Biography emfushane umdwebi, futhi sihlolisise umsebenzi wakhe.

Ummeleli we ohlangothini olusha

imininingwane abaningi lempilo Antonello Da Messina okungabazisayo, kuyangabazeka noma ilahleke. Kodwa kuyacaca nokuthi usibonise abaculi Venetian amathuba elikhanyayo lamafutha imidwebo. wabeka Ngakho isisekelo umuntu Italian we izindawo ezibalulekile yobuciko Western. Njengezinye abaculi abaningi bangaleso sikhathi, isiko-Dutch of Antonello zihlangene transmission optically olunembile imininingwane isithombe nge ezintsha okumangalisayo amaNtaliyane.

Izazimlando ziye wathola irekhodi yokuthi e 1456, hero lesi sihloko wayengumfundi wesazi. Lokho, cishe, umdwebi wazalwa ngaphambi 1430. Neopolitanets Kolantonio kwaba nguthisha wokuqala Antonello Messina, elisebenza uzobe kuchaziwe ngezansi. Leli qiniso liqinisekisa umyalezo John. Vasari. Ngaso nje leso sikhathi, Naples kwaba ngaphansi kwethonya yamasiko kakhulu yeNhlonhlo Yase-Iberia, baseFrance naseNetherlands, kuka Northern Italy kanye Tuscany. Ngaphansi kwethonya Van Eyck nabasekeli bakhe isithakazelo Umdwebo lakhula kanye usuku ngalunye lube. Rumour kwakungcono ukuthi iqhawe kwalesi sihloko wafunda inqubo uwoyela Umdwebo nje kuye.

portrait master

Native Antonello Da Messina khona isiNtaliyane, kodwa ku-Ubuciko Ezemfundo ngezinga eliphakeme ukuze mdwebo amasiko angamaqaba asenyakatho yeYurophu. Yena kahle ngesineke ekumeni, okuyinto zaba cishe amathathu amaphesenti uyasinda yakhe imisebenzi. Antonello ngokuvamile kuvezwa imodeli libanjwe futhi eduzane. Kulokhu, emahlombe, nenhloko ibekwe nengemuva elimnyama. Ngezinye izikhathi umculi ongaphambili sketched uthango nge nezinamathiselo nalokho kartellino (obuncane iphepha izwi). Illyuzionisticheskie izinga ingcaca kanye nokunemba nokudluliswa kwemininingwane izingxenye ibonisa ukuthi banayo imisuka Dutch.

"Portrait soMuntu"

Lesi sithombe ngesineke by Antonello Da Messina e 1474-1475 GG. Kuyinto omunye imisebenzi yakhe ephambili kunawo wonke. master Iphalethi elinganiselwe ayegcwele imivimbo ensundu, omnyama ngabanye okuqinile nomhlophe. Ukukhethwa iyona cap elibomvu, kulekelelwa peeping amnyama obomvu umugqa ingubo phansi. Izwe kwangaphakathi of a imodeli ngesineke cishe ingamboziwe. Kodwa ubuso obusuka intelligence amandla. Antonello kakhulu fake abalingisa chiaroscuro yakhe. umdwebo izici olunamandla ebusweni, ngokuhlanganiswa play yokukhanya ukunika umkhiqizo Antonello imiva cishe sculptural.

"Lona indoda '

Ekumeni of Italian ecwebezelayo ukuheha ababukeli, ebusweni shiny kanye negumbi format. Futhi lapho lezi zimfanelo da Messina athwala imidwebo yenkolo (isithombe "uyindoda"), ifomu zokuhlupheka kwabantu kuba kakhulu ubuhlungu. Ngigcwele izinyembezi ebusweni bakhe, futhi nge intambo emqaleni, le nqunu Kristu ugqolozele isibukeli. sibalo sakhe igcwalisa cishe yonke insimu kwewebhu. Ukuhunyushwa indaba kancane ezahlukene kusukela izindikimba iconographic. Italian zizama ukudlulisela ngempela kwengqondo futhi isithombe emzimbeni kaKristu. Lokhu yikho okwenza umbukeli ukugxila kulokho okushiwo kuhlupheka kwaJesu.

"Maria Annunziata" Antonello Da Messina

Lo msebenzi, ngokungafani kuya isithombe: "Lo muntu," isimo sasihluke ngokuphelele. Kodwa kusukela umbukeli, sidinga futhi nakho kwangaphakathi futhi imizwelo. Ngokuqondene "Maria Annunziata", efana Antonello buyakhahlela umbukeli kule sikhundla sengelosi eyinhloko emkhathini. Inikeza umuzwa iyathinteka engqondo. Ihlezi ngemuva etafuleni Mary isandla kwesokunxele ulindele nolwelwe phezu isimbombozo okwesibhakabhaka, futhi ngakolunye uhlangothi luphakamisa. Owesifazane ezolile ngokuphelele futhi ukucabangela, ncamashi esikhanyayo, ikhanda sculptural ukulolongwa efana likhanya on isithombe amnyama ngemuva.

"Maria Annunziata" - akulona kuphela ngokudayisa yazalwa ngowesifazana, zaveza by Antonello da Messina. "Annunciation" - lokho igama nezinye imidwebo ezifanayo umdwebi, elibonisa efanayo uMariya, nje ukuma ezahlukene: yena lisiphatheleni ingubo eluhlaza ngezandla zombili.

Kuzo zombili izithombe umculi wazama ukuveza umuzwa uxhumano ngezingoma ezingokomoya amandla owesifazane ephakeme. sobuso wakhe indlela yekuma, izingalo kanye ekhanda, kanye ukubuka umbukeli bathi uMariya manje kude nezwe ofayo. A imidwebo kungemuva elimnyama ugcizelela kuphela lamabutho the Virgin.

"St UJerome esitokisini sakhe "

Esithombeni ngenhla akuyona ngisho ubuncane isithakazelo kuyi-ukudluliselwa Isikhala ezungezile. Kodwa kwezinye usebenza umculi kulesi sici kakhulu ngaphambi kwesikhathi sakhe. Umdwebo "St UJerome esitokisini sakhe, "okubonisa kufundwa etafuleni ongcwele. Ihhovisi lakhe itholakala ehholo Gothic, phezu kodonga emuva ukuthi unqamula amawindi sesibili. Esikhathini ongaphambili isithombe nokuntula umngcele futhi lwaleli. Ziqondakala njengoba proscenium (reception, kuvamile art lamazwe enyakatho ye-Alps). itshe Mustard-ezinemibala ugcizelela Ngokuphambene sethunzi nokukhanya egumbini, efana emhumeni. Imininingwane iphethini (landscape kude, yenkukhu izinto emashalofini) ngocansi ngezinga eliphezulu kakhulu ukunemba. Ukuzuza lokhu umphumela kuphela ukusetshenziswa uwoyela upende kunalokho imivimbo ezincane. Kodwa okubaluleke kakhulu ekulondolozeni isithunzi salesi Umdwebo da Messina namanje aluthembekile ukudluliswa izingxenye, futhi ebunyeni wesitayela umoya nokukhanya.

I-altare omkhulukazi

Ngo 1475-1476 GG. umculi wahlala Venice. Kube ebhala San Cassiano altare ngokubabazekayo esontweni. Ngeshwa, kuze kube manje nje ulondoloze ingxenye APC, elibonisa ekuphumeni esesihlalweni sobukhosi Madonna and Child. Nhlangothi zombili ke are saints. Lokhu altare uhlobo Sacra konverzatsione. Lokho i-Madonna nge Child and Saints kukhona esikhaleni esifanayo. Futhi lokhu kuphambene ifomu ihlukaniswe Ingxenye polyptych. Ngesisekelo kabusha i-altare omkhulukazi kamuva kwamiswa ngu Giovanni Bellini.

"Pieta" futhi "Ukubethelwa"

Amafutha Umdwebo by Antonello, ikakhulukazi, amandla okudlulisela ukukhanya kwaleli nqubo iye yabizwa kuyancomeka ngabaculi akubo. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi le colourism Venetian zisekelwe kuphela ekuthuthukiseni onekusasa isiqondiso entsha. Imisebenzi da Messina isikhathi Venetian babe lo mkhuba lomqondo ukuthi umsebenzi wakhe ekuseni. Okuningi kusulwe Umdwebo "Pieta", ngisho esesimweni esinjalo we ezilimele ugcwalisa izibukeli ububele okukhulu. Oqwembeni ethuneni isidumbu Kristu oluphethwe ezingelosi ezintathu ngokusebenzisa emoyeni enamaphiko ezicijile. Umdwebi ngesineke unendima eyinhloko eduze. Wayebonakala idinga uku-ayinwa ngokumelene ebusweni kuwebhu. Uzwela nabangcwele ukuhlupheka kuboniswe - yilokho kusetshenziswa inqubo ngenhla, ezazifunwa Antonello da Messina. "Ukubethelwa" - isithombe ezahlukene umdwebi. Kuyinto efanayo isihloko "Pieta". On the ngendwangu Ubonisa uJesu esiphambanweni. Kwesokunene sakhe wahlala Maria, futhi kwesokunxele - Umphostoli uJohane. Kanye "Pieta", kuwebhu kuhloswe ukubangela uzwela isibukeli.

"Saint Sebastian"

Lesi sithombe isibonelo sendlela isithombe Antonello ligcwaliswe nobuqhawe ubunqunu nangekhono ukudluliswa komugqa ngombono severoitalyanskogo nozakwabo. Ngokumelene okwenza kwetshe egandayiwe umzimba square ahlatshwe ngemicibisholo saint ozuza usayizi omkhulu. Odlula isikhala esijulile isinqamu ikholomu ongaphambili nangethemba aphansi kakhulu Vanishing iphuzu baphikisa ngokuthi umdwebi elisetshenziswa izimiso ukwakhiwa Euclidean geometry kwengoma.

amaqiniso ezithakazelisayo

• Antonello Da Messina, ogama imidwebo ziye achazwe ngenhla ngokuvamile kuvezwa izinhlamvu ngokudayisa zabo, eduze ku nengemuva elimnyama.
• UGeorge. Vasari, Italian baya eNetherlands ukufunda imfihlo amasu amasha imidwebo. Nokho, leli qiniso engakaze lawo.
• Kuze kube manje, akukho iqoqo abalulekile owafundisa hero lesi sihloko uwoyela imidwebo. Ngokusho amahlebezi, kwaba Van Eyck.