Ukuxhumana kwamagama ibinzana. Izinhlobo uxhumano kwamagama ibinzana

Njengoba wazi, kusho inyunyana kwamagama ibinzana kwenzeka ngokuvumelana nemithetho eziqondile. Ukuze ukuhlanganisa nabo kudinga ukuhambisana lucebe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, badinga kwakuwukuthi uxhumano ukuthi kumelwe nakanjani sibe khona phakathi kwala mazwi.

Ngo isiRashiya kukhona okulandelayo izinhlobo zokuxhumana amagama athi: ukudidiyelwa, ukuphathwa kanye contiguity.

sivumelwano

Ukufaniswa - siwukuba nobuhlobo lapho ingxenye engaphansi maqondana main wafanisa ukuba uhlale e-ohambelana izigaba nokusetshenziswa kolimi.

Le ncazelo ibonisa izimo ezivamile of ofanayo, lapho engaphansi ifomu izinguquko ne Isakhi esiyinhloko. Ngamanye, kancane ezivamile futhi eziyinkimbinkimbi izimo, akukho nokwenziwa nomumo ngokuqhathanisa kulezi zingxenye ezimbili.

Ngo uvumela ngokuyinhloko ngaso sonke isikhathi wenza ibizo, futhi ingxenye ngokuqinisekile engaphansi osebenza ku ekilasini kolimi, lapho kukhona izinhlobo linencazelo syntactic.

Izindlela ukuvumelana

Uhlobo elula kokuxhumana ingatholakala imishwana lapho ingxenye engaphansi is zesikholwa isiphawulo (kuhlanganise izinombolo eziphawula ukuthi okwesingaki, izabizwana, iziphawulo participles): Lokhu oki, usuku abandayo, into engavamile, lomkhuba waphawula nabanye.

Ngesisekelo lolu hlobo uxhumano kwamagama ibinzana kungabuye okulungiselelwe elihlangana, lapho ingxenye main lihlotshaniswa inxenye ethile yakha izwi nasekuthengeni. Ngokwesibonelo, lokhu kwenzeka asebentisa tindlela letehlukene amacala etshekile inhlanganisela kwekwenta ezinombolweni ezibalula inani (ku imimoya eyisikhombisa, ne amawindi ezintathu endlini), ngokungafani amafomu im.p. futhi kuvumelana CP lapho inani kunokuba ibizo, izwi eyinhloko futhi ufuna ukuthi yokugcina wema rod.p:. endlini nge amawindi ezintathu, izindlu ezintathu, imimoya eyisikhombisa.

Ngo uvumela imishwana ezimbili zebizo ehlangana zonke izinhlobo: ubuhle, Dawn, indlela-komgwaqo, ukwakhiwa unjiniyela.

Nokuvumelana isilandiso ngendaba

Ukuxhumana libito e im.p., kungaphansi, futhi conjugated izimo zesenzo segama, okuyinto isilandiso isiko syntactic futhi libhekisela isivumelwano.

ifomu Conjugated sesenzo noma isiphawulo ifomu esifushane Ibizo kuzo. . N babe amafomu ezivamile ubulili kanye nenombolo: ensimini ezingenalutho, ihlathi nqunu, isibhakabhaka okusobala.

Ngokusemthethweni ingxenye eyinhloko inhlanganisela enjalo ubhekwa libito e im.p.

Ikesi more xaka kwamagama ukuxhumana ibinzana kwenzeka uma, esikhundleni Ibizo e im.p. njengoba isihloko yenza kwekusebentisa, ingxenye inombolo noma ezinye yokukhuluma ongenawo ubulili. Kulezi iziphakamiso is hhayi waphawula nokwenziwa kuncike umenziwa ngesibalo nobulili, njengoba wokuqala salezi zigaba akuyona. Nokho, ngenxa isiqondiso kuncike isilandiso ilapha.

ukuvumelana Okugcwele futhi ngokwengxenye

uxhumano okunjalo kwamagama ibinzana (ukubambisana), lapho ingxenye main kuthinta umlutha zonke izinhlobo zawo, ibizwa ngokuthi ukuvumelana egcwele. Nge akuphelele siyenzeka kuphela kwezinye izinhlobo igama elifanayo.

Izinhlobo ukuvumelana akuphelele

Kukhona futhi izinhlobo ezimbili zezinkantolo kubo. Umsuka - uma kungekho ukuhlanganisa emkhatsini nabo icala (ngesibalo futhi waba nomusa, lapho engaphansi wafanisa ingxenye main). Incompleteness kulokhu kwenzeka ngoba ifomu engaphansi izwi has a uxhumano amafomu ezimbili ezihlukene izwi, enye yazo inquma ukuma icala engaphansi, nezinye - bakha inombolo kanye nohlobo amazwi engaphansi ( "wasukuma elambile" emshweni "Anna wayengafuni ukuba badle futhi uvuke silambile ngenxa etafuleni. "Lapha ngesimo" elambile "futhi kuncike uhlobo 'avuke' futhi ukuma" Anna ").

Icala lesibili - uma kungekho wafana e hlobo. Kulokhu, ukuvumelana akuphelele libizwa ukugcwaliswa semantic amafomu ezwini uhlobo engaphansi, kunalokho ibhekisela ubuso phansi. Lokhu kungenzeka ekuhlanganisweni Ibizo wesilisa esichaza isihloko somsebenzi futhi kulo mkhakha, kanye isiphawulo, lapho lusetshenziswa lezi emabito nimelene abesifazane: uNobhala entsha udokotela yethu. Lezi kanye nezinye izibonelo zalokhu ukusetshenziswa kukhona isici enkulumweni ngokwethukela.

ukuphathwa

Siyaqhubeka ukuchaza izindlela zokuxhumana kwamagama ibinzana badlulele ukuphathwa. Kafushane, ukuphathwa is zokuxhumana iqondiswe emazwini ukwakha amagama, okungukuthi ifomu eyinhloko amazwi akuphazamisi uhlobo ubudlelwane: wenze okuhle owenza okuhle, enza okuhle; awukudla konkulunkulu, onkulunkulu ukudla, njll

Ukuphathwa - uxhumano ongaphansi kwamagama nemisho lapho izwi esemqoka kudinga ifomu engaphansi kunjalo ngokukhethekile nge izaba, noma ngaphandle kwalo.

Lesi yisithako main kulolu hlobo lokuxhumana, nokubusa, - noma igama, noma uhlobo oluthile amazwi, kuyilapho engaphansi - njalo ukwakha amagama, kanye ingxenye ethile yokukhuluma - ibizo. Igama eliyinhloko kule ndaba ingase ibhekisele iyiphi ingxenye yokukhuluma.

Nge lolu hlobo uxhumano kwamagama ibinzana kukhona engaphansi ingxenye icala yakha ibizo, ayibangelwa ukufanisa indlela eyinhloko, njengoba kunjalo ukuhlobanisa izinto, futhi baveze ikakhulukazi maqondana semantic elingasentshonalanga noma kungaphansi yabo.

Okukhishwayo kuphela izimo ezimbili lapho ubuhlobo kwamagama ibinzana umusho ihlanganisa izinhlobo ezimbili izwi (ie uma libito):

1. Inhlanganisela akha isiphawulo ukungqubuzana noma isandiso izikhuliso isiphawulo: ezintabeni ngenhla, unamandla kunokufa, the esiphezulu iziqongo, obuqine kunazo zonke wrestlers.
2. Inhlanganisela akha izinhlobo ezahlukene conjugated tento siqu futhi nemabito im.p. . Kwekusebentisa Ibizo ifomu futhi JP: lizona - kube imvula, aphuma ngobuningi enkulu izivakashi, amanzi natekla nabanye.

Ngakho, ezahlukene Ukuphathwa neziqinile, ngamazwi, tandziso kanye adjectival.

Amafomu ukuphathwa

Ukuze ahlukanise phakathi izinhlobo labaphathi izici ezilandelayo:

• Ukubikezelwa / Ukungaqiniseki;
• ubunjalo ubudlelwane syntactic;
• Okuphoqelekile / Akuphoqelekile.

Ngekucabanga zilwane kungenziwa abelwe ayisishiyagalombili, kodwa lezi zinhlobo ezilandelayo amagama zokuxhumana ibinzana ekuphathweni (ingqikithi emihlanu) zibekelwe ngokoqobo ngolimi Russian:

1. Ukuxhumana, okuyinto ayimpoqo langempela wokuqagela ubudlelwano syntactic (udinga usizo, bhala incwadi, ezakhiwe abafundi, ukuthi akuzange kusebenze).
2. Ukuxhumana, okuyinto i-predictive ukuba saziso maqondana semantic-syntactic (ukushayela zibe udonga, ukuyikhipha the ipotimende, hamba uye endlini).
3. Ukuxhumana, okuyinto ayimpoqo langempela wokuqagela ubudlelwano syntactic (iqhwa elimhlophe, ingubo umfowabo endlini emaphaketheni).
4. Ukuxhumana, okuyinto nepredskazuyuschey saziso nge ubudlelwano semantic futhi syntactic (siphile ngale ehlathini, ihlathi, ehlathini).
5. Ukuxhumana, okuyinto nepredskazuyuschey ongazikhetha ubudlelwane semantic futhi syntactic (umsebenzi engadini, ubhala ngesonto, indlu eduze komgwaqo).

Junction

Amagama izindlela zokuxhumana ibinzana ezichazwe ngenhla kulekelelwa adjacently. Junction - uxhumano ongaphansi, lapho izwi engaphansi ayishintshi ezakheke, kanye kuphela indawo maqondana okuyinhloko. Ngakho-ke, njengoba amazwi engaphansi kulolu hlobo uxhumano, yena amazwi njalo ezingenakuguquleka abangenalo ukuncika syntactic. Bahlanganisa tandziso, amafomu amabili ngamazwi - kwekusebentisa futhi gerund, isiphawulo ezingaguquki ifomu elula ngezinga okuqhathanisa isiphawulo: ukugibela, jikela ngakwesokudla, wokubhema isindala kakhulu, izingane ezindala.

Nge abutment zingahlanganiswa yefomu isabizwana sebuniyo e umuntu wesithathu (wakhe, alo, abo) nemabito: umndeni wakhe, ekhaya lakhe, futhi izingane zabo.

Ukuze lolu hlobo zokuxhumana isixhumanisi libhekisela ifomu ibizo lomunye ibizo, lingahambisani ke, noma nge lonke iqembu izinhlobo emabito: emzaneni Brody, iChibi iBaikal, iphephabhuku "Kwamanye Amazwe," onguthelawayeka Petersburg-eMoscow kanye nabanye.

Ngesisekelo contiguity kuhlanganiswe izwi (okuyinto ingxenye main) kanye nefomu elithi (okuyinto sincike ingxenye).

Njengoba amazwi main ingasetshenziswa okuqondene izingxenye ezahlukene eziningi yokukhuluma. Nokho, kufanele kuphawulwe ukuthi kungenzeka imigomo yabo associative semantic noma lwetakhi telulwimi kuthiwa iphahlwe njengoba abutment. Ngokwesibonelo, lapho amabizo azinakwenzeka tandziso qualitative, emabito futhi ingasetshenziswa kuphela nesenzo. Cishe noma yimuphi tenkhulumo ingasetshenziswa kwekusebentisa (i isiphawulo, ibizo, isenzo, isandiso yekwenta), kodwa hhayi igama ngalinye emelela ke.

Izici contiguity

Lolu hlobo amazwi uxhumo mazwi nepredskazuyuschim (ngoba ivezwa ngendlela igama engaphansi). Junction - isibopho ikakhulukazi ozikhethela, kodwa kwezinye izimo kungase kudingeke contiguity.

contiguity Kuyisibopho

1. tento kwekusebentisa nencazelo isifiso, ngeke, kungenzeka isigaba tento (alinge aphike, enjoin ukuthula, ezimisele ukufunda, ukuze uyeke ukusebenza).
2. Isandiso qualitative ulwazi tento untula (nokuzethemba, bakha ubungane, ubukeka umuhle).
3. isandiso tandziso futhi isenzo isikhala kokuba indawo value yokuhlala (khona kude, useduze ube seduze).

Syntax amazwi zokukhulumisana ibinzana ne abutment futhi kungaba ezahlukene. Phakathi amagama kungaba ubudlelwano kahle syntactic noma semantic-syntax.

izinhlobo contiguity

Ngokusho isethi ngenhla yezimfanelo zawo kubalwa lezi ezilandelayo izinhlobo amagama ibinzana ngokuphathelene abutting:

1. Ukuxhumana, okuyinto nepredskazuyuschey saziso nge isintheksi elungile (attributive) Ubuhlobo (bakwazi ukufakazela ukuqhubeka ukukhuluma, isinyathelo nobly).
2. Ukuxhumana, okuyinto nepredskazuyuschey saziso nge ubudlelwano semantic futhi syntactic (uhambe yonke indawo, elitholakala ephikisanayo).
3. Ukuxhumana, okuyinto ongazikhetha nepredskazuyuschey attributive (empeleni syntactic) ubudlelwano (umsebenzi ndawonye elihlekayo ngokujabula, e Yelnya, leyo ncwadi ithakazelisa ngaphezulu).
4. Ukuxhumana, okuyinto nepredskazuyuschey ongazikhetha ubudlelwano semantic futhi syntactic (umsebenzi phezulu, ukusho izolo, namuhla eMoscow, ukuzivala amehlo wakhe zephuke edolobheni ebusuku).

Izinhlobo ichweba ezindaweni lwetakhi telulwimi

Lapho abutting ubudlelwane heterogeneous futhi lolimi amagama ibinzana. Ngokwalesi simiso lifaka phakathi izinhlobo ezifana uxhumano kwamagama ibinzana njengoba contiguity emabito, kwekusebentisa, isandiso, a nonconcordial ifomu Ibizo isiphawulo EsiZulwini asinayo.