Ukushintsha isakhiwo imoto: nezidingo umthetho

I namuhla imoto iyona izindlela zokuhamba, nokutamasa, kanye nempahla. Abashayeli abaningi abangamakholwa bakholelwa ukuthi bangabasiza ukwenzani imoto okuqondene nabo yini. Ikakhulukazi, bafeza ushintsho isakhiwo imoto ngokuhambisana izidingo nezifiso zabo. Phakathi naleso sikhathi, noma yisiphi imoto ungumthombo ingozi. Kule ndaba, izinguquko ezithile kungase kwandise usongo hhayi kuphela kwabanye abasebenzisi bomgwaqo, kodwa futhi ngoba umshayeli. Ngakho-ke, kukhona oda ezithile ushintsho. Umklamo we imoto ezingelapheka, ngokuqinile sigcina izidingo. Esesizokuhlola kubo ngokuningiliziwe.

isizinda normative

Yini umthetho wee isakhiwo imoto? I Ingxenye eyinhloko yaleli umthetho ngoba umshayeli ngalinye SDA. Imithetho 2 isicelo samanje. Omunye inquma izimo lapho kungavunyelwe ukusebenza imoto aphume Whack. Kulesi isicelo, kukhona n. 7.18. Uthi ukuthi ukusebenza imoto kungavunyelwe, uma kutholakala ukuklanywa kabusha imoto, eyenziwa ngaphandle izimvume ezifanele womgwaqo noma nezinye izindikimba ogunyazwe kaHulumeni.

izincazelo

Ukuhlaziya umthetho, elilodwa ongeza iziphetho ezilandelayo. Regulations musa iyakwenqabela izinguquko design imoto. Nokho, ngemva ukuqaliswa imoto kumele lube khona kwentelwe hhayi eziqhutshwa noma umshayeli kumele silawule nabo emagunyeni afanele. Ngamanye amazwi, ama-penalty kuphela enikeziwe endabeni yokulawula umshini, izinguquko zabhekana angabhalisiwe kule amaphoyisa omgwaqo noma ezinye izakhiwo abanekhono. Musa usebenze umshini nge-HBO, kengooryatniki, indawo noma bafaka off iziphethu, nokunye. Uma izinguquko ungadluli luhlolo. Le nqubo ihilela ehlola ukuhambisana izinguquko abazoba amakhono imoto. Ngemva kokwenza ukuhlolwa umshayeli uthola isitifiketi sokuphepha.

unswinyo

Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi imithetho liqine umthwalo wokuphatha ngenxa yokwephula imithetho yomgwaqo. Ikakhulukazi, imithetho ahlinzekele umshayeli ongenayo amaphoyisa womgwaqo noma elinye igunya abanekhono, kodwa eyenziwa ukuguqulwa umklamo imoto, emihle. Kwezinye izimo, lo imvume singasetshenziswa isakhamuzi? Into yokuqala ukuthola ukuthi yini ushintsho kule nokwakheka imoto. Ngaphansi kwawo kumele aqondwe imishini retrofitting lapho abanye izingxenye, izingxenye noma emihlanganweni kuwo ayasuswa, ukwengezwa noma indawo ngezimiso ezihlukahlukene efanayo kodwa kokuba, ukuze izici lobuchwepheshe wemoto azifani njengoba enikeziwe ngumkhiqizi.

Uhlu tingucuko tekuhleleka izimoto

Ngu manipulation ezingaba kakhulu kuthinte izici lobuchwepheshe emotweni, lifanele lifake hlangana:

1. Ukulungiswa yohlobo injini noma imoto.
2. Ukufakwa imishini ethile alinikezwanga ngumkhiqizi.
3. Ukushintsha indawo kanye nenombolo ye umgibeli izihlalo, nophethiloli amathangi.
4. Ukulungiswa isisindo futhi izinhlangothi.
5. Njengoba ezothatha isikhundla imodeli motor, kanjalo nokushintsha kwamandla ayo kanye nesisindo.
6. Ufaka ukuqondisa ingxenye.
7. Noma yimuphi ukuthengiselana nge izibani isixwayiso futhi izibani zalapho.
8. Ukuguqulwa we chassis.
9. Ukubuyiselwa izingxenye ukuthi ahlinzeke ukubonakala enikeziwe ngumkhiqizi, imibandela ayezosebenza ngaphansi kwayo-post-ingozi nokuphepha yokwenziwa, ukubonakala kakhulu.
10. Ukubuyiselwa kwabhoboka noma uhlelo fuel kwenye.
11. Ukubeka isondo ezincane / ezinkulu ubukhulu ezilengayo. Kulokhu, udinga ukwazi ukuthi ubukhulu umenzi. avame ecacisiwe phezu plate isilinganiso elise kuvulwa umnyango somshayeli. Uma lo ububanzi we akwazi ukugcina, okuyinto okufanele ukusungula, esezingeni elamukelekile ke akhiphe ushintsho isakhiwo imoto akudingekile.

Lena akuyona yonke izinguquko ukuthi ungenza umshayeli.

Izinguquko isakhiwo imoto (2016)

Cabangela izibonelo ezimbalwa imoto ukuguqulwa. Lapho ufaka kwezihibe-trailer kufanele sithole ukuthi ifakwa ohlwini olusemthethweni impahla eyengeziwe. Tow kwezihibe, eyenzelwe imithwalo esindayo, wajoyina ngu bolting noma Welding ithanda zona lezi zici amandla umshini. Lolu shintsho kule nokwakheka imoto kudinga ukubhaliswa. Nokho, lo mthetho has okuhlukile. Basuke kunikeziwe izakhiwo kalula esikhiphekayo ezingenziwanga exhunywe kwi-izakhi amandla. Lezi zihlanganisa, phakathi kokunye, zihlanganisa Racks esikhiphekayo esitsheni, zokubopha ngoba eqhweni, amabhayisikili nokunye.

Ukufaka emikhulu umthamo ethangini

Ngokombono normative umbono, lokhu zokukhwabanisa kuzoxoxwa njengoba ushintsho isakhiwo imoto. 2016 ongakabi yaphela, kodwa abanye umkhuba usumisiwe kulokhu. Ikakhulukazi, lokho kuyinkomba yokuthi leyompahla amaphoyisa omgwaqo endleleni kuyaqabukela banake umthamo ethangini. Uma-ke kuveza efektri futhi has isitifiketi ukufakwa nezimfuneko, akunakwenzeka ukuthi noma yiziphi izimangalo abahloli. Izinkinga Cishe ukwenzeka kulabo njalo umngcele. Izikhulu ungabekwa icala e nokushushumbisa umshayeli nophethiloli.

amabhampa Kulungiswe, spoiler, umzimba kits, indophi

Zonke lezi zinto baye ngenqubo evamile ye-ukubhaliswa. Wenza okuhlukile kukhona iziketi, okuyinto efakwe imodeli ayehlala kuwo lapho ekuleso ezidayiswa, accredited ngumkhiqizi. Kungase kuphakame izinkinga kusuka bashayeli abangafuni ukuthobela ukushayela nge izembozo phezu amabhampa of isitsha sezimbali classical, njengoba it kuzoxoxwa ukuhlukumeza. Ukubhalisa ezimweni eziningi, wanakekela indophi. Ukukhethwa osebenza ku izimo lapho okuhlinzekwe ohlwini of impahla eyengeziwe.

I wokulungiselela isigaba

Imithetho owawuthi ukuguqulwa okuvunyelwene umklamo imoto (2016), ahlinzeke luhlolo. Thola uhlu ejensi livunyelwe nokuqaliswa kwalo ingatholakala uMnyango isiqondiso lobuchwepheshe. Ngemva kokuthola umbono okufanele zisebenze amaphoyisa womgwaqo. Leli gunya ayakuphuma umuntu makathole imvume ukuze izinguquko design imoto. Isicelo sithunyelwa nge:

1. Tehekspertizy esiphethweni.
2. Umazisi.
3. PTS.
4. Imoto lokubhalisa dokhumenti.

Olubonisa umshayeli kumelwe futhi uhambise amandla ommeli eqinisekisa amandla akhe. Ngakho, kufanele futhi zinike imoto ukuze ihlolwe. Uma isinqumo esihle ukushintsha isakhiwo imoto, ungaqala, eqinisweni, ukuze manipulation umshini.

umehluko wemisindo nemiqondo yamagama

izakhi Ukufakwa engenziwa ngokuzimela, ngesisekelo iyiphi inhlangano ukuthi unesikhathi esigunyazayo isitifiketi ukukhiqiza imisebenzi enjalo, noma inkampani, wathi ekuphetheni tehekspertizy. Esikhathini yokugcina amacala amabili, umculi linikeza umnikazi wemoto isicelo-isimemezelo. Ikhombisa lemali kanye nekhwalithi umsebenzi owawenziwa. Uma imisebenzi eyenziwa ngokuzimela, idokhumenti ikhishwe, ngokulandelana, umnikazi imoto.

Inqubo yokubhalisa

Ushintsho noma ukulungisa imoto bhalisiwe lihlolwe ngobuchule. Ngokusekelwe imiphumela umnikazi imoto uthola umbiko. Ngemva kwalokho kudingeka baphumelele ekuhlolweni. Ekuqedeni sokubhaliswa izinguquko ezenziwe isakhiwo imoto. Amaphoyisa omgwaqo kumele anikeze:

1. Isiphetho Luhlolo wokuqala, owenza izindlela kungenzeka ukulungisa imoto.
2. Isitatimende.
3. Document etshengisa ukuthi ungubani umshayeli, kanye nekhophi yakho.
4. PTS.
5. imishini idokhumenti Ukubhaliswa.
6. Amaminithi Omhlangano Omkhulu tehekspertizy yesibili.
7. Yokucwaninga ikhadi kokuhlolwa.
8. Irisidi eqinisekisa ukukhokhelwa of duty isimo.
9. Amakhophi izitifiketi esetshenziswa ekusilungiseni izinto izingxenye, izingxenye ezisele nezinye izinsimbi ngokungabi bikho kophawu, eqinisekisiwe ngokuvumelana nemithetho aqine.

Liphinde lunikeze imoto ngokwayo ukuze ihlolwe.

umthwalo Izici

Njengoba ngaphambili wabonisa, isijeziso izinguquko bevumelene design imoto. Isijeziso lishone 500 r. ngoba imigwaqo yesifunda. Abanye abashayeli, leli nani akubonakali omkhulu. Kule ndaba, kukhona bayizakhamuzi uyavumelana athwale ngamunye isigwebo isikhathi ushintsha imiklamo imoto. Isijeziso elisungulwe Art. 12.5 kweKhodi Administrative. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, njengoba umkhuba sibonisa, amaphoyisa omgwaqo ngokuvamile zisebenzisa indlela ephumelela ngaphezu ukubhekana ukuphulwa. Ikakhulukazi, uma umshayeli ubasiza ephindelela abahloli nezinguquko design esingalingani, kungase izoqedwa (kukhanselwe) yokubhalisa imoto. Ukusebenzisa le ndlela, laba abasebenzi ubheke p. 51 no-3 weMithetho ukubhaliswa imoto.

Izizathu zokuchithwa kwesicelo sokubhaliswa

Basuke enikeziwe e-Sec. 3 imithetho oshiwo ngenhla. Ngokuhambisana nezinhlinzeko awekho ngaphansi imoto lokubhalisa kabani design wenza zonke izinguquko kuso alihambisani nezidingo elawula nokuphepha sezimoto. Kusebenza umthetho ofanayo ezimotweni, isimo lobuchwepheshe lihlukile Imininingwane kuboniswe imibhalo okufakiwe.

hlinzeka ezengeziwe

Ngo-Sec. 51 weMithetho yokubhalisa ibonisa ukuthi isitatimende ku-akhawunti, ngikhiphe futhi ushintsho idatha hhayi eyenziwa kwaze kwaba sekupheleni amasheke eyenziwa abomthetho kanye nabanye ababengewona ama-ukuhambisana Regulations Administrative. Lokhu kusebenza futhi Kwezinye izimo esungulwe kwezinkambiso. Ekukhombeni kwezimo esashiwo e-Sec. 3, ukubhaliswa imoto ikhanseliwe (inqanyuliwe) elihambisana okuthunyelwe division TC sokubhalisa. Imibhalo Isihloko, zibonakaliso ziyakubalandela indle kanye amaphoyisa omgwaqo. Uma kwakukhulunywa kabi ayetfulwanga, zamemezela ohlwini lwabantu abafunwa. Ukukhansela (ekunqanyulweni) nokubhaliswa asisebenzi imoto, ne ngosuku okukhishwe ngalo isitatimende yokubhalisa zazo ngokuhambisana imibhalo ebhalwe kamuva inkohliso / esingavumelekile, kwathatha iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-5. Lapho ukusula umshayeli ngezimo ezaholela isicelo imithetho ngenhla, ikhumbula sokubuyiselwa eyenziwa endaweni uphelela. Ngesikhathi esifanayo ke ekhishwe amadokhumenti amasha futhi izimpawu, kanye TCP.

ukukhanyisa uhlelo

On ke kufanele kuxoxiswane ngokwehlukile. Kaningi, abashayeli basuke indawo ngezibani Halogen nge Xenon. Ukubeka kucace unqabela imithetho, njengoba dazzle abashayeli ku kwindlela ezayo futhi kaningi imbangela izingozi. Umthetho uhlinzeka, ngaphezu zokuphatha, icala lobugebengu ukuhlukumeza. Umshayeli angase abhekane kuze kube unyaka wonke ejele nokudliwa amadivayisi ukukhanyisa namanye amadivayisi efanayo.

Isikhumbuzi abashayeli

Kufinyeta bonke ngenhla, kungenzeka ukuletha izincomo main abashayeli abafuna ukushintsha design emotweni yakho. Ukuguqulwa wemoto kungcono ukuphathisa uphethiloli ezikhethekile ukuba imibhalo ukuyekelela. Izimoto nge izinguquko ezihlelekile iyatholakala ukuthi ihlolwe kule amaphoyisa omgwaqo. Kufanele uqale ukulungiselela yonke iphakheji kwemibhalo, kuhlanganise umbono isazi ukuhambisana ukulungisa ku amakhono obuchwepheshe wemoto. Ukungabikho ukugunyazwa okuvela ukuhlolwa singasebenza njengesisekelo esiqinile sokufinyelela isisekelo hhayi nje ngobe kutawutfutfukisa imputation yenhlawulo zokuphatha, kodwa futhi non-ukubhaliswa. Lokhu kusho ikakhulukazi ukuthi ngeke ukwenza noma yiluphi amadili nge TS. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lo ukuthola of ukwephulwa ukuhlolwa lingahoxisa ngisho yokubhalisa, thatha imibhalo nezibonakaliso. Lapho kukhishwa i-izihlalo ezingemuva, okuyinto eyenziwa ukwandisa kube nesikhala esingasetshenziselwa okuthile ku gumbi, akhonjwe okokuqala, umshayeli ubhekene esihle. Susa lezi zinto ingasetshenziswa kuphela uma ukukhwezwa hhayi amabhawudo futhi latches ku umenzi.

Nakulokhu futhi, okukhishiwe

Akuzona zonke izimo, umshini ukuguqulwa kuzodinga yokubhaliswa izinguquko. Ikakhulu, akudingekile uma ukufakwa yesifunda wenziwa nezingxenye Ilungiselelwe njengengxenye umakhi wemoto yakho eyengeziwe. Ungenza ngaphandle kokuya amaphoyisa omgwaqo uma refitting imoto kwenziwe serially. Uma lokhu base ukhonza imibhalo design. Kufanele yahlelwa bese kuvunyelwa imithetho esungulwe. Kuzo zonke ezinye izimo, kumele ube uphawu idokhumenti lapho imoto uchazwa. Yena ukhomba inani isitifiketi eqinisekisa kuhambisana TC, njengoba uchitshiyelwe, kanye ukuphepha ukuguqulwa. Lokhu uphawu ivumela ukusebenza imoto.

isiphetho

Ngaphambi kabutjha imoto kuyadingeka ukuhlola amakhono abo futhi, eqinisweni, nokufaneleka emisebenzini. Ngokungangabazeki, ezimweni eziningi, "ngcono" umklamo imoto inikeza eziningi eziwusizo kumnikazi. Kodwa akufanele sikhohlwe mayelana nokuphepha emgwaqeni. Ezinye izinguquko bomklamo ngengozi engaba khona kubasebenzisi bomgwaqo. Lezi zihlanganisa, ngokukhethekile, faka ukukhanyisa reinstallation, ukulungisa ayo, chassis. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuyazuzisa ukukhumbula ukuthi ukwamukelwa kanye nokubhaliswa izinguquko kuzothatha isikhathi. Ngaphandle imibhalo efanele ukugunyazwa iguqulwe ukusebenza kwe-umshini akuvunyelwe. inhlawulo othile ingase ibonakale iwubala. Kodwa ungakhohlwa ukuthi abahloli amaphoyisa omgwaqo abe nezinye izinsimbi ekubhekaneni ukuphulwa. Ukuze ugweme ukusetshenziswa yabo kuyadingeka ukuhlangabezana nezidingo. Uma kungenjalo, i-inhlawulo kungase kulandelwe ukwesulwa kokubhaliswa, noma ngisho necala lobugebengu.