Ukumaka transistors - kuyini lokho? Izinhlobo, imingcele kanye nezici transistors, mshini

I Transistor uba ingxenye eyinhloko iyiphi busebenze. He is uhlobo yokugcizelela ukhiye. Ngesisekelo kule divayisi Semiconductor kuyinto silicon noma germanium crystal. I transistors kukhona unipolar futhi okuguquguqukayo futhi, ngokufanelekile, ensimini futhi okuguquguqukayo. Bathola ezimbili izinhlobo conductivity uhlobo - phambili futhi emuva. Wabasaqalayo, radio amateur inkinga eyinhloko ukuqashelwa ukuyiqonda nokuyikhumbula emagama salezi zici. Kulesi sihloko sizohlola izinhlobo ezinkulu amarekhodi, kokubili imikhiqizo ezifuywayo angaphandle kanye ahlaziye, okusho transistors wokugubha.

izinhlobo zokuqopha

Abakhiqizi transistors zisebenzisa izinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko ukubethela - ikhodi umbala kanye kophawu. Nokho, akekho umuntu noma enye akanawo amazinga iyunifomu. isitshalo esithela ngasinye amadivayisi Semiconductor (transistors, diodes, zener diodes, nokunye. D.), Lwela ikhodi nombala walo esephepheni. Can Hlangana transistors elilodwa iqembu futhi uhlobo ezivezwa izitshalo ezahlukene futhi zibhalwe ngendlela ehlukile. Noma okuphambene nalokho: izakhi zihlukile, bese uyifunda - ezifanayo. Ezimweni ezinjalo, ukuhlukanisa phakathi kwabo kuphela izici ezengeziwe. Ngokwesibonelo, ubude okuphambene umbala okutholakele emitter futhi Collector noma (noma ngaphambili) kwamanzi. Ukumaka FETs akuhlukile amathegi kwamanye amadivayisi. Isimo esifanayo oluxube Semiconductor abadabuka kwamanye amazwe: nomkhiqizi ngamunye esetshenziswa uhlobo yabo namagama.

Transistors e KT-26 bezinhlamvu

Cabanga ukuthi amamaki transistors ekhiqizwa kumazwe. Lolu hlobo luni lwezindlu idumile kakhulu phakathi abakhiqizi Semiconductor. It has simise cylindrical nohlangothi bevelled, iziphetho ezintathu ziyaphuma base aphansi. Kulokhu, it isebenzisa isimiso we okuxubile wokugubha futhi ehlanganisa ikhodi izimpawu, nombala. On base engenhla kukhona umbala iphuzu, okusho Transistor iqembu, futhi ohlangothini tapered - ikhodi uphawu noma umbala iphuzu elihambisana uhlobo idivayisi. Ngaphezu uhlobo, singasebenza ngonyaka nenyanga ukukhululwa.

Ukuze uqoke iqembu isebenzisa umbala elandelayo esephepheni transistors: Iqembu oluhambisana ichashaza elimnyama obomvu, B - ophuzi, C - aluhlaza D - blue, D - Blue, E - White, M - konsundu, futhi - esiliva, K - orange, L - ugwayi ukukhanya, M - grey.

Uhlobo okhonjiswe izimpawu ezilandelayo kanye nemibala.

• KT203 okuhambelana unxantathu yomumo (imilenze phansi ngakwesokudla) noma ichashaza elimnyama abomvu.
• KT208 - indilinga lencane (kukhona kwalolu hlobo umbala esephepheni).
• K209 - Idayimane (grey ichashazi).
• K313 - uphawu ukuthi ufana T nabokhulumile (ichashazi orange).
• KT326 - i okuhlanekezelwe unxantathu equilateral (izindawo ensundu).
• KT339 - unxantathu equilateral (ichashazi okwesibhakabhaka).
• KT342 - okuyingxenye eyodwa kwezine yenani umbuthano (ichashazi okwesibhakabhaka).
• KT502 - isigamu revolution (ophuzi ichashazi); KT503 - umbuthano (dot emhlophe).
• KT3102 - angled unxantathu imilenze phezulu nakwesokunxele (amnyama ichashazi eliluhlaza).
• KT3157 - imilenze unxantathu wesokudla kuya kwesokunxele bese phansi (akukho uphawu lwemibala).
• K366 - uhlamvu T (umbala).
• KT6127 - incwadi nabokhulumile P.
• KT632 - Izimpawu ungalilahli (esiliva iphuzu).
• KT638 - ngaphandle uphawu (ichashazi orange).
• KT680 - incwadi G.
• KT681 - Wand mpo.
• KT698 - uhlamvu P.

Ukuze kukhunjulwe le nonyaka nenyanga womshini

Ngokuhambisana GOST 25486-82 asebentisa tinhlavu ezimbili noma izinhlamvu nezinombolo ukuze ukhombise usuku. Uhlamvu lokuqala limelela ngonyaka, kanti eyesibili - ngenyanga. Lolu hlobo lwe-esephepheni esetshenziswa hhayi kuphela transistors kodwa nezezinye izakhi Semiconductor yasekhaya. Ngo amathuluzi angaphandle usuku kuboniswa izinombolo ezine, ezimbili zokuqala zazo zivumelana ngonyaka, kanti owokugcina uyoba ngo - inombolo yeviki. Cabanga ngalokho Coded wokugubha transistors elihambisana usuku ukwakhiwa. Unyaka / phawu: 1986 - U, 1987 - V, 1988 - W, 1989 - X 1990 - Ngo-1991 - B-1992 - C. 1993 - D, 1994 - E 1995 - F, 1996 - H 1997 - i, 1998 - by 1999 - ka L, 2000 - M, njll ukukhululwa Inyanga: .. nezinyanga zokuqala eziyisishiyagalolunye zivumelana izinombolo 1 kuya 9 (Januwari - 1 Februwari - 2), kanti owokugcina uyoba ngo - izinhlamvu zokuqala amagama: Okthoba - Ngo-November - N, Disemba - D.

Transistors e KT-27 bezinhlamvu

Lezi zingxenye Semiconductor zenziwa ukusebenzisa noma ikhodi alphanumeric noma cipher, ehlanganisa ngamajamo weJiyomethri. Cabanga ngalokho ihlasimulisa transistors wokugubha.

• KT972A - omunye "uqamba amanga" isikwele.
• KT972B - iinkwere ezimbili: ngashiya elele, kuwufanele ilungelo.
• KT973A - eyodwa sikwele.
• KT973B - izikwele ezimbili.
• KT646A - omunye unxantathu.
• KT646B - kwesokunxele indilinga, calantsatfu kwesokudla.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, kukhona umbala ezengeziwe wokugubha ukuphela emzimbeni okuyinto iziphetho okuphambene:

• 814 CT - grey-beige;
• 815 CT - Lilac-purple, noma mpunga;
• 816 CT - pink and red;
• 817 CT - grey-oluhlaza;
• 683 CT - onsomi;
• KT9115 - blue.

Transistors Series KT814-817 iqembu B kugcwele kuphela staining ekupheleni ngaphandle kokudala ikhodi uhlamvu.

I-European uhlelo PRO-electron

Ukumaka transistors namanye amadivayisi Semiconductor kusuka abakhiqizi European kanje. Ikhodi okufakile uhlamvu. Incwadi yokuqala kuyinto Semiconductor impahla: Silicon, germanium, njll Silicon ezivamile, it ihambelana uhlamvu V Uphawu olulandelayo - lolu hlobo yomculo ... Ngokulandelayo, ukubeka inani uchungechunge umkhiqizo. Kulesi igumbi kukhona amabanga eziningana. Ngokwesibonelo, uma izinombolo bavela 100 kuya 999, lezi zinto kukhona imikhiqizo jikelele-njongo, futhi uma incwadi ibekwe phambi kwabo (Z10 - A99), lezi Semiconductors ezibhekwa izingxenye ekhethekile noma izinjongo ezimbonini. Ngaphezu kwalokho, imithombo yezokuzijabulisa ingadlulisela iyunithi Imininingwane esephepheni ungeze ukulungiswa ezengeziwe uphawu. Kuchaza ngqo nomkhiqizi izingxenye Semiconductor.

Uhlamvu lokuqala (i-impahla): A - eJalimane, - Si, C - gallium arsenide R - cadmium sulfide. Isici sesibili uhlobo Transistor: C - ongaphakeme-amandla nobuningi ongaphakeme; D - bass ezinamandla; F - ephansi amandla ephezulu imvamisa; G - kumadivayisi amaningi in iphasela single; L - esinamandla ephezulu imvamisa; S - ongaphakeme amandla usuke; U - inkinobho enamandla.

I-American simiso JEDEC

US abakhiqizi amadivayisi Semiconductor usebenzisa wekhodi uhlamvu, okuyinto inezigaba ezine. Idijithi yokuqala kumele inani p-n kokuhlangana: 1 - diode; 2 - Transistor 3 - thyristor; 4 - optocoupler. Incwadi yesibili ibonisa iqembu. Esesithathu uhlamvu - inombolo ye-serial isici (uhla kusuka 100 kuya 9999). uphawu Okwesine - uhlamvu elihambisana ukuguqulwa idivayisi.

I-Japanese uhlelo JIS

Lolu hlelo liqukethe izinhlamvu futhi iqukethe izici ezinhlanu. Idijithi yokuqala oluhambisana uhlobo idivayisi Semiconductor: 0 - photodiode noma phototransistor; 1 - diode; 2 - Transistor. Eyesibili element - uhlamvu S, ibekwe kuwo wonke izingxenye. incwadi Landelayo oluhambisana uhlobo Transistor: A - PNP High; Ngo - aphansi-imvamisa PNP; C - okusezingeni eliphezulu NPN; D - imvamisa ongaphakeme NPN; H - unijunction; J - yasensimini N-isiteshi; K - ngedawo nge P-siteshi. Okulandelayo ingumkhiqizo nenombolo ye-serial (10 - 9999). Kugcine, element yesihlanu - ukuguqulwa idivayisi (ke zingaqhubekela ivinjelwe). Ngezinye izikhathi isicelo futhi uphawu lwesithupha - iyi-index ezengeziwe (izinhlamvu N, M noma S), okusho imfuneko sokuhambisana nezindinganiso ezithile. Uhlelo Japanese umbala esephepheni of transistors asisebenzi.

izakhi SMD

Ukumaka SMD-Transistor ufanekisela kuphela. Ngenxa yobukhulu encane kulezi zingxenye ungayisebenzisi umbala esephepheni. Single ukubethela okujwayelekile ngabo alikho. Yileso naleso sithombo ukukhiqizwa isebenzisa izimpawu zayo. Ikhodi nezinombolo kulokhu ingaqukatha kusuka eyodwa kuya kwemithathu nezinhlamvu zamagama nezinombolo. isitshalo ngasinye ukhiqiza amatafula zayo mshini izakhi Semiconductor.