Ukukhetha isikhwama sempesheni: imfundo yesinyathelo ngesinyathelo

Ngaphambi kwabantu banamuhla abakhathazekile ngekusasa labo, okungukuthi, ukuphila okunethezeka ngemuva kokufinyelela eminyakeni yobudala, kulokhu kuthuthukiswa umnotho, umbuzo uvela: yini inhlangano yokwethemba okumele ibeke ukugcina, futhi nokugcina imali yabo? Ngemuva kwalokho, manje zonke izakhamizi zikhululekile ukuzikhethela ngokuzikhethela isikhwama sesempesheni, okusho ukuthi, isiqiniseko sobudala obukhululekile. Khetha hhayi kuphela phakathi kwezinhlangano zokuphatha zikahulumeni nezingezona, kodwa futhi uma ukhetha ukhetho lwesibili, khetha i-APF engcono kakhulu kubo.

Ukuze wenze ukhetho olunolwazi lwekhwama yempesheni futhi ungaphumeleli, kubalulekile ukuqonda ngokucacile umehluko phakathi kwezinhlangano zokuphatha zikahulumeni nezingezona. Ama-NPF abonakale maduzane futhi anikeza izimo ezinhle kakhulu zokugcina nokuqongelela imali kumakhasimende abo. Kodwa-ke, abantu abazitholi lezi zikhungo zempesheni ezingekho ngaphansi kukahulumeni ngokwethemba labo.

Singazikhethela kanjani isikhwama somhlalaphansi? Ngezansi, lonke ulwazi oludingekile luzolethwa ukuze umuntu ngamunye aqonde ukuthi iyiphi inhlangano yokuphatha esondelene nayo futhi inenzuzo kakhulu kuye.

Okokuqala, kubalulekile ukuqonda umehluko nemigomo eyisisekelo yomsebenzi, kokubili izimali zempesheni zombuso nezingahulumeni.

Izici zenhlangano yokuphathwa kukahulumeni

Ngeshwa, ngokuthuthukiswa komnotho wanamuhla, umuntu akanakuqiniseka nganoma yini. Izakhamizi ezigcina imali yazo yokugcina imali emalini ye-RF Pension Fund zishiywe ekugugeni kwazo kanye nomhlalaphansi omncane. Iqiniso liwukuthi izinga eliphezulu lokukhuphuka kwemali akukuvumeli ukuba uthole inzalo enhle ekulondolozeni. Zonke izimali zempesheni, ezinikezwe isiKhwama sePensheni yeRussia Federation, zidluliselwa kuVnesheconombank. Kufanele kuqaphele ukuthi lesi sikhungo sezezimali asibophezele ukuphepha uma kwenzeka ukulahleka. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, akukwazi ukusho ukuthi ngokunikela imali yabo yokugcina isitoreji enhlanganweni yangasese yokuphatha, iklayenti ene-100% isiqinisekiso izothola impesheni ehloniphekile. Akukho okuqinisekisayo ukuthi eminyakeni eminingi lokhu noma lesi sikhungo sizokwazi ukukhokha imali esethenjisiwe kumakhasimende ayo, kubandakanya isikhwama sempesheni yangasese. Ukukhethwa kwesikhwama somhlalaphansi wombuso akufanele nakwenqatshelwe. Noma kunjalo, kubizwa ukuthi kwenziwe imisebenzi ebalulekile nemisebenzi.

Kungani ama-APF adalwe?

Inhloso yokuguqulwa kwempesheni, eyabangela izinkampani zangasese zempesheni ezinelungelo lokugcina nokwandisa ukugcinwa kwezakhamizi, ukwenza lula umsebenzi weRussian Federation Pension Fund. Babizwa ukuba bathathe ingxenye yamandla nezindleko zikahulumeni kulo mboni. Le nqubo yokuguqulwa yasisiza ukuba sisebenzise imali ngokweqile, okwenze ukwanda kwesilinganiso senzalo uma kuqhathaniswa neVnesheconombank.

Uma yonke into ecacile futhi ecacile mayelana ne-RF PF, ngoba yiyona kuphela emele uhlobo lwayo, khona-ke kuphakama imibuzo eminingi nokungaqondi kahle mayelana nama-NPF, avele amaningi kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, ukukhetha isikhwama sempesheni esingeyona isimo kunzima. Ngaphambi kokubhala isicelo sokudluliselwa kokugcinwa kwabo kubaphathi be-APF eyodwa, kuyafaneleka ukukwazi kabanzi ngemigomo yomsebenzi wezinhlangano zangasese.

Okuphawulekayo komsebenzi we-NPF

Izici ezithandekayo, okufanelekile ukukhetha isikhwama sempesheni esingeyona uhulumeni :

• Isakhamuzi singashintsha inani lezinzuzo zomhlalaphansi esikhathini esizayo. Umuntu ngamunye ngokuzimela nangokuzikhethela yena ngokwakhe unquma inani lemali elifakwa kwi-akhawunti yekhwama yempesheni futhi, ngokufanayo, okulingana nakho kuzoxhomeka kubukhulu bempesheni yakhe yempesheni yesikhathi esizayo. Isikhwama Somhlalaphansi Kahulumeni asinikezeli lelo lungelo lokuzikhethela.
• Ukuthola imali yokulondoloza impesheni emithonjeni eminingana. Kakade iqiniso lokuthi umuntu uyinkampani yenhlangano yempesheni engeyona yombuso ngokuzenzakalelayo inika ilungelo lokuthola izimpesheni ezimbili - ezakhe, kanye nasezweni. Omunye kumele aqonde ukuthi amalungelo esakhamuzi awanqunyelwe ukubamba iqhaza kwinhlangano yempesheni eyodwa engeyona yombuso. Inombolo yabo ingapheli.
• Umshuwalense wokulwa nezinguquko ezingezansi zempesheni. Kulesi sigaba sokuthuthukiswa komnotho, umuntu akakwazi ukuzola ngokuphelele, futhi yini eyokwenzeka eminyakeni eyishumi imfihlakalo. Phela, amazwe amaningi asebenzisa izinguquko zempesheni, konke okwandisa iminyaka yokuthatha umhlalaphansi nokunciphisa ubukhulu bomhlomulo wempesheni. Ngakho-ke, kunoma yimuphi umuntu ohlala engaziwa ngobukhulu bempesheni yakhe futhi, noma ngabe uzokwenza lokho. Futhi ekubeni ngumthengi wesiKhwama sempesheni esingeyona yombuso, ungakwazi ngokunquma ngokunembile inani lempesheni kanye nosuku lokuqala kokukhokhwa kwalo.
• Ukuziphendulela kumbuso. Zonke izikhungo zempesheni ezingezona zombuso zihambisana nomthetho wamanje wombuso, kumele ube nazo zonke amalayisense ezidingekayo nezimvume futhi unikeze imibiko emisebenzini yabo emibuthweni ekhethekile yombuso.
• Izinzuzo zentela. Uhlelo olukhethiwe olwamukelwe ezikhungo zempesheni ezingezona zombuso luhlinzekela ukuhlinzekwa kwezinzuzo kokubili kumakhasimende esikhwama kanye nabaqashi abazinikela ngemali yabo kule fund.
• Kunesilinganiso esiphakeme sokwenza okucacile kwemisebenzi. Umhlanganyeli ngamunye wesikhwama unelungelo nganoma isiphi isikhathi ukuthola i-extract kusuka ku-akhawunti yakhe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kanye ngonyaka isikhwama sibika ngokuzimela esimweni se-akhawunti kumuntu ofaka imali.

• Ukutshala imali kuphela kumpahla ethembekile eqinisekisiwe. Izinhlangano zempesheni ezingekho ngaphansi kombuso zithatha ukutshala izimali kuphela ezikhungweni zezimali ezihloliwe, uhlu oluvunyelwe ezingeni lesishayamthetho.
• Ukuhlukaniswa okunamandla nokugcinwa kwazo zonke izimpahla zemali. Umsebenzi wezikhungo zempesheni ezingezona zombuso zisekelwe ekusebenzeni komuntu ngamunye kunesisetshenziswa esithile somsebenzi, lokhu kwenza kube lula umsebenzi wabasebenzi beziko, futhi kuncishiswe izingozi zabathengi ngokuphathelene nemisebenzi yazo zonke izinhlobo zobugebengu kanye nama-charlatans. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, i-apparatus ngayinye iphendula ngokuqondene nombuso ngomsebenzi okwenziwe.
• Imvelo yokudluliselwa kwemali yokulondoloza imali. Ukugcinwa kwempesheni komklayenti wesinye isikhwama esingekho sezwe kungazuzwa njengefa. Ngakho-ke, uma kwenzeka umnikazi wokulondoloza, imali yonke ingadluliselwa kumhlobo wakubo.
• Ukudluliswa kwamahhala kokulondolozwa kwesinye isikhungo esingekho sikahulumeni kwesinye noma esikhwameni sesempesheni sombuso. Uma kwenzeka noma yiziphi izimo ezingalindelekile noma ukuvela kwezisusa zomuntu siqu, umnikazi wemali unelungelo lokudlulisela imali yakhe esikhwameni sesempesheni esingekho esimweni sombuso noma ukubeka isitoreji sakhe nokuqoqa kuhulumeni ngokwemigomo echazwe kwisivumelwano esiphelile.

IsiKhwama sePensheni: ukukhetha inkampani yokuphatha

Ngokungangabazeki, into yokuqala ukuyiqonda umehluko phakathi kwezikhungo zomphakathi nezizimele. Ngemva kokufunda lonke ulwazi olungenhla, sonke isakhamuzi singenza ukhetho lwakhe lokuzikhethela esikhwameni sesempesheni, okungukuthi, yisiphi isikhungo okufanele sithembele endabeni yokuguga kwabo okuphephile: isimo noma esingesiwo isimo.

Manje udinga ukunquma kunkampani ethile yokuphatha. Uma isakhamuzi sinqume ukufaka imali yokulondolozwa kweRussia Federation, khona-ke ngeke kube khona ubunzima. Ungowodwa kuphela. Kunzima kakhulu ukwenza ukhetho olufanele esikhwameni sesempesheni esingeyona isimo. Ngumuphi usuku ongabhala isitatimende, ukuthi ungakhetha kanjani inkampani yokuphatha yangasese?

I-Step-by-step instruction yokukhetha ama-APF

Ukukhethwa kwenhlangano yangasese kumele kube nenqubo edingekayo. Ngamunye wabafakizicelo kumele bahlangabezane nezidingo ezithile.

Unyaka weNhlangano

Omdala inhlangano, okuthembekile nakakhulu. Ochwepheshe batusa ukunikeza izintandokazi kubafakizicelo abasungulwe ngaphambi kuka-1998. Lokhu kusho ukuthi bakwazi ukuphumelela ngempumelelo izinkinga zika-1998 no-2008.

Ukwakhiwa kwabasunguli

Kungcono ukunikeza izintandokazi ezinhlanganweni abaqashi babo abameleli bezomnotho. Kungaba amabhizinisi amakhulu asebenza ekufakweni kwamaminerali, abameleli bama-metallurgical and energy industries. Ungathembi izinhlangano zokuphatha, eziholwa yisikhungo esincane sezezimali, umuntu oyimfihlo noma ezinye izinkampani ezincane.

Ukuzuza

Ingahlaziywa ngokusho kwemibiko yenkampani yokuphatha, eyinikeza iBhange Elikhulu LaseRussia Federation. Lona umgomo obaluleke kunawo wonke wokuzikhethela, lapho usayizi ozogcina khona wesikhathi esizayo uncike.

Beka kuhlu

Zakhiwa yi-ejensi yokulinganisa ngesisekelo sedatha ekuzuzeni inzuzo, amandla kanye neminye imigomo yemigomo. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi izinga lokuthandwa kwalokhu noma leyo nhlangano yokuphatha ingase ihluke. Ngakho-ke, kufanelekile ukucubungula lesi simo ngokubanzi futhi ukhethe isikhwama sempesheni esingeyona yombuso ngesisekelo sayo yonke idatha etholakalayo, hhayi emkhakheni othile.

Ukuvulwa kwalesi sikhwama

Ngokuhambisana nomthetho waseRussia, kulabo ababambiqhaza noma ababambiqhaza abangaba yi-APF, lonke ulwazi oludingekayo kufanele lutholakale ngokukhululekile. Uhlu lwedatha enjalo lusekwa yi-Federal Law "Ezikoleni Zingeniso Zomhlalaphansi".

Iphothifoliyo yokutshala izimali

Ikhono lokunquma uhlobo lwayo alinikezwa yizikhwama zempesheni. Iphothifoliyo yokutshala izimali ikhethwa ngokubhala isicelo. Ungakwenza lokhu ngezindlela ezintathu: uqobo (ngokusebenzisa ummeleli), thumela ngeposi noma ku-akhawunti yakho kumthombo we-intanethi.

Imigomo yokukhetha isikhwama somhlalaphansi

Isakhamuzi singashintsha inkampani yokuphatha kanye ngonyaka. Abantu abaningi banombuzo uma bekhetha isikhwama sempesheni - ngingafaka isikhathi esingakanani isicelo sokushintsha inkampani yokuphatha? Bhala isikhalo esibhaliwe kuze kube nguDisemba 31.