Uhambo zokuphefumula yesifuba: ukuthi kuyini, indlela ukukala, ngesilinganiso

Ukuze ukuqoqa kahle umlando, abafundi bafunde indlela ukufunda iminyaka ngenze ama-interview, ukuhlola kanye nesineke obmeryat. Kuyikhono - ngokushesha futhi ngokunembile ukuqedela ikhadi eyinhloko, kangangokuthi ngisho nodokotela oye ongakaze uhlangane nabo ngesineke yakho, kwaba ngokushesha ecacile. Omunye izigaba lokuqoqa umlando ucwaningo anthropometric, kuhlanganise ukuzimisela usayizi esifubeni, umthamo we ukunyakaza zokuphefumula, wesimethri yabo kanye nokuvama iqhaza isenzo kwemisipha yomgudu wokuphefumula.

Umumo kwesifuba

Yini udokotela ivame ukuba inqubo ukuhlolwa? Eyokuqala ukuhlonza izici esifubeni uphumule futhi ngesikhathi ezinyakazayo kanye izinkomba spirometry, isibonelo, okufana nevolumu olwandle, isilinganiso kanye ivolumu yabanye expiratory futhi abaningi. Ubuhlobo babo kuzosiza ukuhlukanisa zokugula yamaphaphu of izinzwa, ekulimaleni noma edema yamaphaphu.

Okokuqala by wokuhlola ezibukwayo, singabona ukuma esifubeni. Hlukanisa ukushintshashintsha njalo noma okungafanele. Okulandelayo, sibheke wesimethri we ezimbili neengcezu umfaniswano wakhe nokunyakaza zokuphefumula.

Thayipha esifubeni

Anatomy emitholampilo kukhona izimo ezilandelayo kungenzeka:

1. Normostenichesky lapho isilinganiso kobubanzi ukuba ukujula okufanele, subclavian fossa supra- futhi ngokulinganisela sicindezelwe, izimbambo ezithile obliquely, le therebetween ibanga lilondolozwe evamile, ikhaba uvalwe agxishiwe ngokumelene thorax, futhi emgqeni engela epigastrium.
2. uhlobo Asthenic ngokuvamile iningi kunjalo nabantu ukwenzela ukungena okuncane kakhulu. Usayizi emelela kwesifuba ukujula ngemuva kanjalo dala enombono wokuthi le ine ijamo side. Ngokuvamile emgodini eduze ingqwababa uzwakalise ngokucijile, isikhumba phezu kwabo eshona. Izimbambo ahlelwe thwi kunokuba engela, i-engeli ezakhiwe inqubo xiphoid, sibi. Abantu abanjalo ngokuvamile kabi athuthukile imisipha ehlombe emuva, futhi onqenqemeni engezansi ubambo kalula selitholakala ngu palpation.
3. uhlobo Hypersthenic oluhambisana okuyinto okufanayo uhlobo umzimba. I thorax kancane efana uMbhalo, ukujula nobubanzi ziyafana, unciphise izikhala phakathi izimbambo, basuke kakhulu zifana. Supra- futhi subclavian fossa labelwe wavuma epigastric engela obtuse.
4. esifubeni Emphysematous kuvamile in iziguli COPD kanye somoya. Kuyinto efanayo ukuze giperstenicheskom, kodwa likwazi kahle ububanzi intercostal izikhala, uye emaphethelweni ovundlile, nge emthambekeni encane noma bengaholelwa nhlobo, izindwani maqondana izimbambo ahlelwe enye ngemuva kwenye, akukho ngokwahlukana kucace phezu-futhi subclavian imigodi.
5. esifubeni kofé uhlangothi ngokubonakala yabo iyafana asthenic. Senzeka iziguli onesifuba somoya, nesifo samaphaphu, pleural, baye mpilo kanzima, kaheksichnyh abantu pathology zofuzo - Morthal syndrome.
6. Rachitic, noma ijuba webele - kwenzeka ikakhulukazi ezinganeni. Izici zayo ezivelele - ke linamathele ngumgogodla ku inqubo xiphoid we sternum. Futhi, khona izimpawu ubuhlalu, mabhamuza ngesikhathi ingxenye shintsho ubambo amathambo oqwangeni ngenxa osteogenesis okungafanele.

ukuphefumula indlela

Chest uhambo akuxhomekile nje kuphela esimweni uhlobo yayo futhi ifomu, kodwa futhi kanjani umuntu ukuphefumula: umlomo noma ikhala. Kule ndaba, ukuhlukanisa phakathi kwezinhlobo ezihlukene ukuphefumula.

Wamabele - kwenzeka ikakhulukazi abesifazane. Nge lolu hlobo umthwalo oyinhloko ewela imisipha intercostal kanye diaphragm. ukuphefumula besisu esivamile ngabesilisa. Ziyakwazi kwesenzo sokuphefumula kuyinto ngenkuthalo bazibandakanye anterior udonga besisu.

Kukhona umehluko futhi isigqi zokuphefumula (Rhythmic noma arrhythmic), ukujula (ezijulile, olukha phezulu noma isilinganiso ukujula) futhi imvamisa (inombolo umoya ngeminithi).

wesimethri

uhambo zokuphefumula kwesifuba ngokuvamile izinhlangothi zazo ziyalingana. Ukuze ukuhlola lesi sici, kudingeka sibheke ukuhamba emakhoneni engezansi izindwani ngesikhathi ephefumula ezijulile futhi okhishwa ngamakhala. Uma omunye izindwani akanayo isikhathi omunye, kusho ukwephulwa umsebenzi zokuphefumula futhi zingase zibe Indlela ukuvuvukala ezifana pleurisy. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kungenzeka asymmetry waphawula kulandela ukugasela kuhlinzwa kwesifuba, nge yoma ngenxa wamaphaphu komdlavuza noma necrosis.

Elinye icala lapho kungenziwa uphule uhambo kwesifuba - ke kuwukwanda sokugembula kule wamaphaphu. Lesi simo kungabonakala nasemkhakheni emphysema, bronchiectasis, noma exudative effusion pleural, pneumothorax ivaliwe.

sokulinganisa inqubo

Indlela ukucacisa uhambo kwesifuba? Impela wamane, by wokulinganisa izibalo ezilula.

Examinee uyabuzwa ukubhekana udokotela futhi chaza isandla. Kuyinto efiselekayo ukuthi engxenyeni engenhla umzimba ngesikhathi esifanayo wakhululwa izingubo. Udokotela wabe ethatha ithephu futhi has ukuze sidlula amakhona izindwani. Ngaphansi uphenyo Umenyiwe sengidonsa umoya, uyibambe. Kuleli qophelo, nesilinganiso lokuqala wenziwa. Ngemva kwalokho isiguli uphefumule futhi ukubamba umoya wakho, udokotela wakwazi waphinda ukukala selilonke esifubeni. Empeleni, lesi kwaba uhambo kwesifuba. Indlela ukukala ukuvama umoya noma ezijulile ngamalitha? Kakhulu nje, uma kukhona imishini ezengeziwe ezifana namawashi futhi pikfluometr.

Chest deformity

Chest uhambo ngokuvamile kufanele kube lesinesitfombe-sibuko phezu zonke izingxenye, kodwa ngezinye izikhathi kukhona ukumelana ukungalingani ukuze umfutho womoya kwezingange zawo. Bese kwakhiwa protrusion noma ukuhoxiswa. Ukuhoxiswa kwesimangalo - lokhu ngokuvamile ngenxa cystic noma atelectasis yamaphaphu. A sohlangothi olulodwa bulging esifubeni ukuminyana kungase kubonise indawo uketshezi noma emoyeni.

Ukuze uhlole wesimethri udokotela kufanele abeke izandla ngemuva isiguli nhlangothi zombili ikholomu umgogodla futhi wacela ukwenza umoya ambalwa ezijulile. Ukusalela omunye hlangana neengcezu Ungamtshela udokotela ukuthi umuntu eba pneumonia noma pleurisy, ngisho ukwehla noma ukungabi khona uhambo ukukhanya kungase uhlangabezana umbono ka-emphysema.

amazinga evamile

Empeleni, abekho nenqubo ecacile lokho kufanele kube uhambo esifubeni. Norma (cm) lilinganiselwe ngempela futhi incike yobudala, umzimba, ubulili womuntu. Ngokwesilinganiso, ke zokhahlamba kusuka ngamasentimitha amathathu. Chest selilonke - efanayo ngenzuzo, nje izingane, kukhona amatafula ekhethekile abonisa Dynamics nokuzwana yentuthuko yabo.

lokuphefumula

Lapho abelethwe esifubeni uhambo, udokotela ehilelekile ngokubala nomoya. Kuleli qophelo, kubalulekile ukuphazamisa isiguli okunye, kungenjalo kungase kubangele ukuba sisibheke imiphumela, ukuze ziphefumule kaningi, noma, Ngakolunye uhlangothi, okungenani.

Ngakho-ke, bengazi Uchwepheshe lesiguli has isandla sakhe esifubeni. Lokhu kuwusizo ukwenza uma ucabanga ishayela uphinde ubale inani imivimbo ngomzuzu. Jwayelekile esifubeni uhambo kuhilela umoya nambili kuya kwangamashumi amabili. Uma isiguli awufiki umkhawulo engezansi evamile, kungenzeka uyosebenza izimpawu ngokushesha manifest esithinta izinzwa, kodwa uma imvamisa iphezulu kakhulu, uphethwe Cishe lihlotshaniswa pathologies eziphazamisa umuntu udonsa kakhulu umoya (ewuketshezi, izimbambo eziphukile, neuralgia, njll Njll ) .. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuphefumula okusheshayo lungase lubonwe ngenxa isimo labile psycho-ngokomzwelo, ngesikhathi ibambene imfiva noma predagonii.

Chest uhambo (umehluko selilonke yayo phakathi inhalation futhi umoya) is hhayi njalo kufakwe ambulensi ucwaningo kuqala noma izibhedlela ukuphathwa kwabathintwayo. Kuthathwa ukuba ukuzivivinya umzimba, kodwa lithi akufanele kube kufanele. Ngaphambili, lapho thina babengakakhuli imishini ultrasound ikuyo yonke indawo, i-MRI nakuma-CT scan, odokotela bangathola ukuthi ukukhomba pathologies ezifihliwe, isandla nje esifubeni sesiguli.