UGuinea wasekhaya

UDC 636.598

ikhaya gusevodstve

Amahansi - esikhulu yenkukhu elikhiqizayo, isisindo abadala 7-8 kg, ihansi kubeka kusuka 15 kuya amaqanda 60 noma ngaphezulu enesisindo 150-220 g komunye umuntu omdala Ungathola kg eziyisithupha inyama, 500 amagremu amafutha abalulekile, limatasa kusetshenziswa imithi futhi kwemithi, kanye cholesterol aphansi kakhulu, kanti ngesikhathi fattening ekhethekile - Delicatessen isibindi nesisindo 700 g .. amahansi - zezinyoni kuphela, kusukela lapho ungathola ngesikhathi esaphila izinga okusezingeni phansi uphaphe, okuyinto kabili ezinhle ukuqina inkukhu. Goose abasha goslings nokukhula masinya baphile isisindo ezinyangeni zokuqala ezimbili kulinywe kukhuphuke ngo izikhathi ezingaphezu kwezingu-40. Amahansi zisebenzisa amadlelo kahle, futhi kube kungekho wanoma iyiphi inyoni kungenziwa fed oluhlaza. umkhiqizo High, ubulula ngokuya okuqukethwe, ikhono kudle roughage nge ezingeni lelisetulu fibre - izimfanelo ezibalulekile kulabo sinqume ukuzalela inyoni.

izici eziphilayo kwezomnotho

Amahansi babe ezinye izici begazi nezomnotho ukuthi kwehlukaniswe nezinye izinhlobo yenkukhu:

• · Ikhono ukusebenzisa emadlelweni futhi kudle imali ethe oluhlaza okuphakelayo amnandi nge wokuqukethwe lelisetulu fibre;
• · Ikhono okuhlala, kwezomnotho kuyafaneleka ukusebenzisa (eminyakeni engaphezu kuka-3), lapho sokuphila eminyakeni 20-25. Isici ehlukile kwezinye izinhlobo yenkukhu luyanda ukukhiqiza amaqanda ngonyaka wesibili nowesithathu ngokuziqhathanisa lokuqala;
• · Young goose ezinyangeni zokuqala ezimbili zokuphila has a amandla eliphezulu kakhulu ukukhula. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngenyanga yokuqala amandla ukukhula yena 200, okwesibili - 96, eyesithathu - 17%. Lesi sici isetshenziswa begazi gusevodstve eyingqabavu lapho gusjat broilers ayesekhulile inyama-9 amasonto ubudala;
• · Goose feather futhi phansi kuyaqina ezahlukene futhi amandla, ongaphakeme amanzi ukumuncwa futhi conductivity ezishisayo, okwabenza baba impahla eyigugu eluhlaza ukwenziwa be-phansi;
• · Ngenxa izimpaphe aminyene futhi ihansi angakwazi ukubekezelela iconsi yesikhashana ku lokushisa ukuze lokususa 25-30 ° C. Ukukhulisa izinga lokushisa ngenhla 32-34 ° C plus okubangela iphika ukuwohloka goose zisesimweni jikelele, ngakho hot isikhathi ehlobo kufanele libe emadlangaleni noma amadamu.

I yokuntula of goose zihlanganisa:

• · Fecundity Ngokulinganiswa ongaphakeme futhi ukukhiqiza amaqanda, ewumngcingo ubulili isilinganiso (1: 3). Uma i-pair of inyama izinkukhu ungathola 125-150 amaphuphu kusukela pair of turkeys - 50-60 amakalikuni, kwase kuba nge-pair of goose - akukho kuka 30-40 goslings;
• · Inani eliphezulu fat isidumbu, oneminyaka engu-izinyanga ezintathu nangaphezulu nokuqukethwe kwalo ifinyelela 25-30% ngenxa amanoni ongama bese kufika ku-10% ngenxa yangaphakathi;
• · Late lokuzala (izinsuku 240-310). Khanyisa zohlobo goose ayaqala baluhlanganisela phambi esindayo;
• · Propensity okuthuthukisiwe kuyasizana ekufukameleni (amabhu kusukela 30 kuya ku-60% kwezilwane);
• · Amaqanda babeka ngaphandle esidlekeni (40%).

Breed futhi zohlobo amaqembu goose

Kunamaqembu ezintathu rocks: esindayo (inyama kanye okunamafutha), eliphakathi (zokuhlobisa) nokukhanya (amaqanda). Eyokuqala ihlanganisa zonke izinhlobo yesimanje ezinkulu - Kholmogorskaya, emdenskuyu, Toulouse, Landes, ompunga ezinkulu. Inyama amahansi kwezinhlobo iqukethe esibalulekile amafutha. Kusukela kubo futhi okunamafutha isibindi mass 600-800, iqembu lesibili kuhlanganisa tape noma abacaphuni Sebastopol goose. Abamele iqembu lesithathu amaShayina, Kuban, Adler, isiNtaliyane.

zohlobo Kholmogory ezifuywa ezindaweni zone Central Black Earth. Kuyinto zohlobo endala yasekhaya amahansi ngezibonakaliso omuhle kwezomnotho-ewusizo. Le nyoni inemtsetfosisekelo eqinile, eziqinile, acclimated kahle. Juvenile futhi omdala inyoni babe ukusebenza eliphezulu. Nge fattening olunohlonze ezingu-60 ubudala goose afinyelele isisindo bukhoma mayelana 4 kg ukudla ngemali 3 kg ukukhula 1 kg. Amahansi Kholmogory zohlobo ezifuywa kulo lonke ngumgogodla ezikhungweni zomsebenzi zwe.

Elikhulu grey idwala ezidalwe Tambov esifundeni bewela Romny goose kusukela Toulouse. Ukukhethwa kwenziwa bebheke okwandisa isisindo somzimba futhi ukukhiqiza amaqanda. Torso amahansi ejulile nebanzi. UMdwebo kwemisipha. Nokusebenza izinyoni abasha omdala muhle. goose IMisa ezingu-60 ubudala 3.5-4.0 kg. Goose kahle efukamela sikhule namahansi, undemanding ukuba izinga lamanzi, ziklaba kahle futhi udle goose okusanhlamvu-padalitsu.Krupnyh grey esetshenziswa njengoba amafomu zoyise lapho wawela kanye Pereyaslavskaya Kuban, Rhine futhi gusjat Chinese for broiler.

Kuban zohlobo isuselwe abasebenzi yabo ngaphansi koMnyango yenkukhu Kuban State kokuLima University. Bird lokhu zohlobo has nezimo ezinhle zezemvelo Krasnodar esifundeni nokuphepha okusezingeni eliphezulu yokutshala abasha (95-97%) kanye okuqukethwe kwabantu abadala. IMisa gusjat 2 izelwe 3.5-3.7 kg. Kubanskie ukusetshenziswa goose ezinhle emadlelweni futhi ube ukukhiqizwa okusezingeni eliphezulu Iqanda (kufika ku 95-100 izicucu) enesisindo 150 g

Ngo gusevodstve kuhle ukusebenzisa crossbreeding ukuze kukhiqizwe izinhlobo ezixubile hybrid. Njengoba i kuwusizo ukusebenzisa umzali idwala Kuban, Chinese, futhi isi-Italian Rhine goose kokuba wenzalo ephakeme, kanye zoyise - esikhulu grey landshskih, Lind goose of Toulouse nge high izinga lokukhula.

okuqukethwe

Ithuba goose kufanele bahlanzeke, ezomile, kahle umoya, ngaphandle kwekwenta tinhlaka tekucala. Izinhlaka dampness ukunciphisa umkhiqizo izinkukhu. Ngci phansi nesiphakanyisiwe ngaphezu komhlabathi, uma kudingeka, uyokwenza ngokubavusa 15-20 cm. Kufanele kube manzi ukuvimbela namagundane ezindongeni Igumbi lemva futhi ziphathwe amaphesenti 20 ngodaka lwe-lime. Windows wenza ngesikhathi ibambene 50 cm kusukela phansi, ukukhanya ezingeni phansi kufanele kube ngaphansi kuka-15 lux. Izilwane zasekhaya endlini kufanele ifakwe Ukushisa ukupholisa, ukunikeza ukuthi kungenzeka ukuba bahlale ngokuhlukana, kungcono Mesh ukwahlukanisa izigaba. Igumbi ukuphakama ndima kumele okungenani 2 m kusuka odongeni -. Hhayi ngaphansi kuka 1.7 m Lazy bird iwindi nge ngaseningizimu noma eningizimu-mpumalanga yesifundazwe isakhiwo. Uphahla kufanele bavikele inyoni emvuleni.

Ingamukeleki phezu-Ukugcwala yezinyoni kuleli gumbi Ufika ezingcolile, microclimate ngobugebengu ukubuyabuyelela okukhulu microflora kuholela nokuholele lelitfutfukile goose. Ezindaweni enyakatho nasenkabeni insiza wezwe goose ekwakheni olungaphambili lwesonto eningizimu, ukuze ilanga ezingaphezu kuka ikhanyisa ekamelweni, futhi ezindaweni aseningizimu, lapho kukhona ngokweqile emisebeni yelanga, - eningizimu-ntshonalanga noma eningizimu-mpumalanga.

A umthelela omkhulu impilo namahansi inhlalakahle ihumusha udoti, isimo okuyinto incike lokushisa kanye nomswakama. Njengoba udoti isetshenziswa anhlobonhlobo izinto: sawdust, shavings, utshani, sphagnum Peat, phansi corn ihleza, sunflower khoba ize iyofinyelela embewini noma amabele. Zombhede kufanele kube esomile, ecacile, hygroscopic, mahhala kusuka isikhunta. Imfucumfucu kusuka material plant, ngaphezu yokuhlanzeka yayo, lifudumeza phansi. Ngo ekwindla nasebusika, zisebenzisa izinto zokulala efudumele - utshani, Peat; e sasehlobo - yesihlabathi sawdust. Goose omdala ngonyaka isidingo ngasinye ukulungiselela 40 kg udoti impahla.

Okungalungile kokuqukethwe goose phezu udoti manzi - kulokhu Feather, ongcolisayo singcolile, bese kuba-kubi azigcina ukushisa. Ngokuqondene nalokhu liwohloka ukusetshenziswa elikhiqizayo okuphakelayo kuyehla ukumelana umzimba, okuholela imikhuhlane. Kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi izimpaphe okumsulwa goose ivikela kusuka hypothermia. Nge ukuqala abandayo, ngaphambi laying udoti ezijulile, kuyinto efiselekayo afafaze phansi ezomile lime slaked noma lime hydrated ngesilinganiso 0.5-1 kg 1 sq. m sikwele. Khona-ke walala embhedeni chips encane, ochotshoziwe corn ihleza, sawdust, oqoshiwe utshani ukushuba hhayi ngaphansi kuka 5 hhayi ngaphezulu kuka-15 cm. I setha yokudla phezulu, ukuchelela kanye enethiwekhi. Deep udoti ushintsho uma ukushintsha goose eceleni noma inkathi (ukuwa noma entwasahlobo).

okushisa aphansi, ikakhulukazi zikhwelwe, kungaba ngendlela ephawulekayo ukunciphisa Iqanda laying goose, izinga lokushisa akufanele iwe ngezansi -4-5 ° C. okushisa aphansi kungaholela hatchability kwehle amaqanda ngenxa okokuqandisa.

Ukuze ihansi zokulithwala iqanda esikhaleni egumbini, kungakapheli inyanga eyodwa ngaphambi ukuqala abavamile, setha kanye isokhethi emdulini ngesilinganiso eyodwa isidleke 2-3 goose. Nge ukuntula kwabo goose kungaba kwenziwe ukuba sezindaweni ezisithekile. I enethiwekhi ukusebenzisa udoti esifanayo, njengoba e Gusyatnikov. Njengoba goose kushesha ekuseni, ukuze ugweme ukungcoliswa amaqanda, udoti esidlekeni kufanele spiked kusihlwa. It is hhayi Kunconywa ukuba abeke isidleke ebondeni abandayo futhi ezindaweni ne ukukhanya okukhulu oqondile. Ubukhulu engaphakathi izidleke zimi kanje Ububanzi :. - 0.4-0.5 m, ubude 0.65 m, ukuphakama - 0.6-0.65 m, nut ukuphakama - 0.01 m izidleke ezenziwe ngokhuni, ipulangwe, noma ezinye izinto futhi yamiswa ukuze bakwazi ukufinyelela kalula ngenxa yokulungiswa.

Esebenza ngogesi i-goose ukwenza kanjalo ukuze ugweme ukulahlekelwa enkulu okuphakelayo. Kufanele ukukhanya, ukhululekile. Zingenziwa kwamapulangwe, ipulangwe noma ezinye izinto. Esebenza ngogesi kumele kube ngokwanele ukugwema umsindo ngesikhathi ukusuthisa amahansi. Ukuze izithasiselo amaminerali esetshenziswa esebenza ngogesi nge linezingxenye amaningi: amatshe, limestone, amagobolondo. Esebenza ngogesi hung ezingeni ukuphakama 20 cm kusukela phansi. Ukuze ukusuthisa mass oluhlaza senziwa izingane wokuxovela hlobo. Zonke imishini kumelwe bahlanzeke njalo.

Ngaphansi abaphuza goose omdala zisebenzisa emikhombeni, amabhakede noma ezinye izitsha. Ukuvimbela amanzi spray emikhombeni ogibele emathileyi, embozwe metal noma net lokhuni. Ebusika, ukuze amanzi ayigongobali ngci wokuxovela noma ngezikhathi batheleka amanzi ashisayo. Ukuntuleka kwamanzi, ikakhulukazi lapho kushisa, okuholela isifo mass izinyoni.

Aviary isethwe ohlangothini eningizimu isakhiwo, kufanele canopies kusukela elangeni nasemvuleni. Bathing goose anakekele esifanele, njalo wengeza amanzi ezingeni njalo. Area inyoni ngayinye kumele okungenani ibe 1 sq. m - for goose, 5 sq. m - for izilwane ezisencane, 15 sq. m -ngoba abadala. Lapho Ukuminyana Igumbi inyoni uthola ezingcolile, siba sibi air umbuso, okungase kubangele isifo mass amahansi. Kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo izinga lokutshala kwabantu kuncike izimo zezulu. Ezindaweni eningizimu, lapho le nyoni ichitha isikhathi esiningi usuku Paddock, betshala kwabantu zingandiswa kuya ku-2.5 per 1 ikhanda sikwele. m endaweni phansi endlini.

Ukuze isizini efudumele kungenziwa ifakwe omahamba-nendlwana lula uhlobo wokugcinwa 15-50 goose. Uhlaka yendlu Yenziwe Amabha noma ekhoneni odongeni sheathe ibhodi noma ipulangwe, ngokhuni ipulangwe flooring, ophahleni embozwe ipulangwe noma amabhodi. Silula yenkukhu indlu endala zingenziwa anezikhala, itiyela iphepha kanye ifilimu. Uhlaka wenza imigoqo noma amabhodi, kuba igridi esinqunyiwe, kanye nokuqinisa indlela enhle anezikhala phezu ukufulela wazizwa, noma ifilimu. Uphahla senziwa ezindukwini ezimbili, kanye igebe therebetween ka mayelana 0.3 m, phezulu embozwe ukufulela impahla noma ifilimu. Ubukhulu indlu 15 goose - 2.5 x 2.5 m, ophahleni kuziwa endabeni yentukuthelo, ukuphakama olungaphambili lwesonto - 2.1 m kusuka odongeni emuva -. Ezingeqile kwezingama-1.4 m esebenza ngogesi, abaphuza nezidleke kudingeka wenze ephathekayo futhi aboshelwe musa nilingcolise izwe. Semi-evulekile aviary ubudala eyakhelwe ngendlela efanayo njengoba lowo odlule, kuphela olungaphambili lwesonto ivaliwe amapulangwe ukuphakama mayelana 0.6, futhi kusukela phansi, nangaphezulu - inetha esihle-anezikhala. Ehlobo lika lokhu aviary kuba lula kakhulu, ngoba goose agcinwa ngaphandle.

Isimo bokuphila izinyoni is kakhulu ehlaselwe molting. goslings Daily embozwe phansi. Eemvekeni ezi-3 ubudala, goslings fuzz iqala ukuba kubekwe esibayeni primary, futhi lwamasonto 10 ubudala molt engamahlongandlebe kwenzeka. Ngalesi sikhathi ama-abasha ukukhula rate kwehle okuphakelayo ukusetshenziswa iyunithi ukukhula inyuka ngayinye. Kwakheka ku "Hemp" isidumbu iziqalo inyoni izimpaphe entsha kunzima ukususa kusuka izidumbu phakathi kwenqubo, ngakho-ke kuhle ukubulala goose for inyama phambi molt engamahlongandlebe noma ngemva kokuqedwa kwalo. Ngu 4 izinyanga ubudala, le goose asemasha ngokugcwele imbozwe ngothi inyoni omdala ke goose molt izikhathi 2 ngonyaka - e ihlobo noma ekwindla. Ekupheleni entwasahlobo zizalela sizini May - June ka iyeke amaqanda-laying, kunciphisa umfutho spermatogenesis e Gusakov, isisindo somzimba ukuba kwehle ngo-20-30%. Ehlobo kufika molt goose, phakathi kwesikhathi lapho cishe izinyanga ezingu-2, esikhundleni ngokuphelele zonke leziya zimpaphe. Nokho, ngemva kwamasonto 3 emva moulting goose lokuqala moult in ekwindla zakuqala okwesibili, futhi izinguquko akuzona zonke leziya zimpaphe futhi 'feather amancane naphakathi kuphela.

Nge isidumbu ihansi isusiwe ku-250-300 g ipeni, kuhlanganise 50-60 amagremu fluff. Uphaphe phansi amahansi kukhona efudumele kakhulu futhi kangcono. Kungcono ukuzalela goose nge izimpaphe emhlophe njengeqhwa ihansi feather grey balinganiselwa ku 20-30% ezishibhile esimhlophe. Ukuze andise ukuqoqwa ihansi izimpaphe phansi, kungenzeka ukuba bafeze esigcwele ezimbili (phakathi nenkathi efudumele) intravital Oschipko namahansi, eningizimu 3rd esifike ngesikhathi futhi elungile ngokwengxenye Oschipko goose kungandisa okukhipha izimpaphe amancane phansi cishe ngezikhathi 2. Emazweni amaningi nge yenkukhu athuthukile Kwenziwa kabili phakathi nonyaka abahluthula zimpaphe kwesikhathi yemvelo molting izinyoni ubudala, isimo bokuphila. Okunekhono Oschipko hhayi ubuhlungu goose. Kulokhu kuphela basuse goose feather and coverts elincane esifubeni izimpaphe.

ukukhiqizwa kabusha

Ngo goose ngokucacile isifiso ukusungula imibhangqwana iba ngcono, ngakho Gusakov ukusatshalaliswa umkhiqizo ngaphambi kokuthi zikhwelwe, esekelwe ihansi eyodwa - ihansi 3-4. Young Gusakov umthwalo sinciphile. Isikhathi ukusetshenziswa goose emhlambini incike zohlobo futhi inani amaqanda babeka. Kuzala lokukhiqiza Iqanda ongaphakeme futhi ukuchamisela amaqanda egcinwe isazela kukhona kwande iminyaka 5-6. Amahansi lokukhiqiza Iqanda okusezingeni eliphezulu futhi zohlobo esindayo evundile 3-4 iminyaka. Ithemu ukusetshenziswa okuhle, Gusakov efakazelwe kungase kwandise kuze iminyaka 10-12.

A gander omuhle lundiza kukhona feather ezimbili ezincane (sikelo) nezimpaphe eziyishumi eyinhloko oda lokuqala nelesibili, okufanayo kufanele kumphambukisa le engenhla nengezansi umsila izimpaphe. okukhipha abasha ixhomeke umsebenzi wocansi Gusakov. Active ekuqaleni zikhwelwe (February kuya ku-June) Gussaki kuzohlala kusebenza kuze kube sekupheleni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umsebenzi wocansi Gusakov onyakeni wesibili nowesithathu wande, kufanele kucutshungulwe.

Kubalulekile ukugwema inbreeding ukuze ugweme umuntu angakwazi umhlambi ngenxa inbreeding. Lapho ungayisebenzisi zizalela oluhlanzekile, owela ungathola intsha hybrid ngokuphimisa enkulu yebhizinisi - izimpawu ewusizo.

Efisa ukugcina epulazini lakhe ngu nezinyawo ezimbili noma ngaphezulu imikhaya adinga ukwazi leyo umndeni kuyinto efiselekayo ukubeka ezinqolobaneni ezahlukene kanye Paddock, noma kungase kube ganders ukulwa. Ngo zikhwelwe Gussaki kwezinsuku ezimbalwa angahlala elambile, ukuvikela abesifazane babo abavela kwezinye Gusakov.

Egg laying goose - kusuka amaqanda ngonyaka 10 kuya 50. Ikakhulu ukukhanya zinhlobo goose ukufinyelela izinga lokuzala at izinyanga ezingu-6 ubudala, idwala esindayo esekulungele ukuzalela nge izinyanga 9 kuphela. amaqanda Isisindo ihansi ivela 150 ukuze 190g (isilinganiso 170g). ukukhiqizwa amaqanda Fundzisisa uyaqhubeka izinyanga 3,5-9. Isikhathi bayashintshana ekufukameleni amaqanda ihansi - izinsuku 28-30.

Nenzalo goose ehlaselwe: lokushisa air, ukulandelana kwemini nobusuku, okuyisikhathi emini. kuvusa Khanyisa: ukukhula nokuthuthuka inyama yenkukhu, ukuvuthwa, molting, ekuqaleni ukukhiqizwa amaqanda kunemtselela ekupheleni ukukhiqizwa amaqanda.

Long emini ngesivinini ukuthomba izinyoni, esilimaza ikhwalithi igobolondo, neqanda mass. • Ukunciphisa elibukhali ubude emini kubangela molting ngaphambi kwesikhathi futhi engasayi ukukhiqizwa amaqanda.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, isikhathi ukufuya spermatogenesis e Gusakov iqala, kamuva ngokuvamile 1-2 amasonto kuka e goose amaqanda-laying, ngakho libekele amaqanda okuqala ngokuvamile ahlale unfertilized. Ukwanda ubude emini amahora kusukela amahora 8 kuya ku-14, olwaqala cishe ngo-7-10 izinsuku ngaphambi kokuqala goose amaqanda-laying ngesivinini ukulungiselela Gusakov ekuqaleni zizalela sonyaka.

Ngaphansi kwezimo ezivamile, lapho imini iqala ukuthela goose ngoNhlolanja noma ekuqaleni kuka-March. Optionally, ungakwazi bayeke isikhathi wabantu ekupheleni Januwari - ekuqaleni kwenyanga kaFebhuwari, uma ukudala i sezulu elilungile ngoJanuwari Gusyatnikov, okusho silondoloze emagcekeni ngenhla zero lokushisa kanye nosuku ukwanda amahora angaba ngu-14, usebenzisa i- kukhanyiswe yikona. umbuso okunjalo kufanele kugcinwe nje imini yemvelo ngeke ilingana amahora 14 kwezinye izimo, kubangele goose yesibili -. Autumn - umjikelezo ukukhiqiza amaqanda, bese kukhula abo okuzala mayelana 2 izikhathi.

Goose ngokujaha suku, + kangangokuthi ngisho inyoni abampofu uyothwala okungenani inyanga. Ngakho, uma uhlela ukuthola amaphuphu, kubalulekile ukugxila izinsuku 30-40. Isikhathi kudingeka ukususa amaqanda kusukela izidleke, niwabeke emabhokisini e isendlalelo esisodwa, mhlawumbe ku chips noma sawdust. Amaqanda eqoqwe ezidlekeni uphawu kangcono - kusukela ihansi nosuku ukubhidliza izakhiwo. Amaqanda best waqhubeka ebhokisini amakhadibhodi ezingeni lokushisa 7-13 ° C, nsuku zonke turning ibhokisi eceleni luhamba luye ohlangothini olulodwa. Njengoba imibungu isitoreji amaqanda ahlale ephila isikhathi eside.

Kuyoba kude kangakanani amaqanda anawo? Okuningi njengoba kungaba shisisa ihansi, ngokuvamile amayunithi 11-13. Ngaphansi goose ezinkulu buyela ngaphezulu ngaphansi encane - ngaphansi. Kubalulekile ukuthi isikhukhukazi kahle amaqanda ezivikelekile.

Manje umbuzo obalulekile: indlela yokwenza ihansi ukuchamisela amaqanda, ikakhulukazi uma nanesikhukukazi ka incubator ngokwayo? Kufanele andise lokushisa kuma - isibonakaliso kuyasizana ekufukameleni. Ngo Gusyatnikov kudingeka khuphula ukushisa, ukwandisa izinga lokushisa emoyeni, okungenani kancane. Lapho rassids ihansi, heater kungacinywa.

Omunye sici esibalulekile: isidleke iqhude nje kudingeke uhlele unomphela, okungukuthi lapho ihansi landizela laphaya futhi kufanele ukuchamisela. udoti Old kumelwe zishiswe kanye nezinambuzane. Lesi sidleke uthele udoti entsha, ungakhohlwa ukuze ungeze umhlonyane, phezu slot ukwenza enkulu quill abhale. Lapho zonke goose ahlale phezu esidlekeni, sibanika rassidetsya izinsuku 2-3. Ukuze rassizhivaniya kudingekile ukubeka esidlekeni okungenani emibili noma amaqanda amathathu. Kungenzeka abampofu amaqanda izinga - ijamo okungajwayelekile, ne amagobolondo abampofu, ubudala, njll

Ukwanda lokushisa emoyeni, kanye amaqanda, elele kakade esidlekeni, ezoqinisekisa ukuthi ihansi ngeke ngikwazi ukuchitha isikhathi isikhashana ebhokisini ngemva uzobeka iqanda. Amaqanda nazo elele esidlekeni, abakucasulayo receptor ku ihansi esiswini, nakho asenza sicabange reflex ungajabule. Uma ezokwakha lezi zimiso endlini, umphumela ngeke bathathe isikhathi eside. Lapho rassids ihansi okungukuthi uvalwe ahlale phezu kwalabo amaqanda 2-3 ngatshala, bangakwazi kuthathelwe indawo amaqanda eliphezulu isisekelo isitoreji amakhadibhodi amabhokisi. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi-ke uqala ngokubala nesikhathi bayashintshana ekufukameleni. Amaqanda walala ubusuku kangcono 13-15 pc. ngaphansi ihansi ngamunye kuye ngokuthi lokushisa ngaphandle futhi endlini, ukubaluleka goose kanye amaqanda, kodwa Goose umzimba wakhe wafihla ngokuphelele amaqanda etshalwe.

Lapho ukuchamisela ihansi kumele ukufinyelela khulula ukondla namanzi ngesikhathi ebaleni isayithi noma elachithwa. Phakathi yokudla nokuhlola esidlekeni Iqanda ahlanzekile olwembiza. Ngemva ukuhlanza esidlekeni futhi amaqanda goose egijima, ekuqinisekiseni abazenzayo lingafunyanwa embobeni okungalungile. Ukuze kwandiswe isivuno goslings, ihansi-amaqanda ngaphansi hen kangcono endaweni emva kwezinsuku kungakadluli 10-12 laying ngokufanele - 5-7.

Abanye bazama ukwenza wonke got ihansi ukuchamisela ngesikhathi esifanayo. Lokhu kuvumela broods ngisho osemdala amahansi, okuyinto isiqala ukuba sishayele goose umhlambi ezivamile. Abanye bakhetha ukwakha izisekelo sitters njengoba amaqanda ekuqongeleleni, bese kukhula lonke inani amaqanda futhi wenza efanelekayo ukuchamisela amaqanda zokuphila eshalofini ngokukhethekile.

Uma abasha ihansi emzaneni ukuchamisela, bese sesibolile ngokwemvelo e zakhe esephumile esidlekeni, musa ukusheshe ukukulahla. Ngonyaka olandelayo, mhlawumbe kuzoba kuhle umama isikhukhukazi, futhi amaqanda ngonyaka we ihansi yesibili kukhona 15-20% ngaphezu abasha. "Amakhono" goose ungajabule esikuzuze njengefa. Ngakho, ekuboneni ngisho hen esiyigugu yinhle, futhi uyokwazi ukwandisa isibalo sabo, kusale besizwe amadodakazi ihansi njalo. Futhi isikhukhukazi omuhle uma unakekelwa kahle eminyakeni embalwa eyokusiza ngokwethembeka.

Uma zokugcina ezingu-7 ngaphambi kokuba ukuhoxiswa amaqanda kusukela goose ibekwe endishini ngamanzi ashisayo (35-40 ° C) ukuze ngokukhululeka ukuntanta, amaqanda ne goslings kuphila ngemva kwesikhashana uqale zixegezele. amaqanda bukhoma ekhethiwe ngokulinganayo welulele ngaphansi goose. Ngosuku 28, abanye batusa amaqanda ngamanzi spray. Ngo goose ukukhanya kuvela PIP uqala ngosuku 27 bayashintshana ekufukameleni, e izinhlobo ezinkulu - 28 - 29 imizuzu, futhi 30-31 ngosuku - Nzalo egcwele.

Uma ekamelweni kubanda, isikhathi bayashintshana ekufukameleni singase siwathole ezinsukwini ezingu-30, ukuthi PIP futhi okukhipha iqala imizuzu 31 kuphela ngosuku. I lokushisa kuma ifeza indima ebaluleke kakhulu ekuphileni senyoni leyo.

Manje kudingeka unqume: Kuzothatha amachwane amahansi asishiya unomphela indlu noma ngaphansi umama.

Uma lo hen sinzima futhi Clumsy, futhi amaphuphu avele disjointed, okungukuthi, umuntu kakade lase omisiwe, usuku lonke ahole yokuphila asebenzayo, futhi abanye amaqanda namanje zilala inyoni, kuba okokuqala kudingekile ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ngaphansi igobolondo amaphuphu bukhoma, phansi amaqanda asele emanzini, banayo ukuhambisa, sokuziphatha njengomncane uma ziphila. Achanyuselwa goslings esifanayo, ngemuva boma off, kungcono ukuthatha indlu. Umsebenzi hatchlings kwenza ihansi waphakamisa ngenhla esidlekeni, hhayi yokuchitha izingane nalabo asalokhu amaqanda, kuyilapho ngokuqinisekile cool futhi kungenzeka zife. Kana kangcono igcinwe efudumele, ebhokisini amakhadibhodi, lapho izinga lokushisa elingaba ngu-30 ° C bese ulinda okukhipha asele. gusjat engaqinile afakwe Ukushisa ibhokisi lapho izinga lokushisa inakekelwa at 35 ° C kakade. Goslings baqina ebusuku ngokulinganayo ibekwe ngaphansi kwamaphiko goose. Goslings eceleni konina awukwazi ukungachichimi eside - ejwayele umuntu, awayona ehlelelwe ihansi. Vuma ukuba ihansi goslings, ukubukela ukuziphatha omama. Ngaphambi goslings ebusuku yingcweti kanye okuye kwasakazwa eminyakeni Goose. Uma omunye wabo, they hlangabeza goslings okuningi ekhethiwe futhi ibekwe ngaphansi ephikweni lelinye goose. Esikhathini esizayo, kuyoba ikwaya umhlambi ngaphansi kwesivikelo zonke goose kanye gander.

Hhayi-ke, uma hen yakho ngokucophelela bese ngobuhlakani siziphathe esidlekeni, kufanele ungakhathazeki - akukho iphuphu eyodwa ngeke ngikukhohlwe noma obugcwele up mummy. Ngalesi sikhathi ngeke kuphela kufanele uqinisekise ukuthi goslings ukuba ahambe esidlekeni futhi ubuyele emuva. Ukuze wenze lokhu, hlela okukhipha iyatholakala nokokufaka embobeni. Obhekene udoti eduze esidlekeni, udinga ukubeka endishini amanzi kanye ugqoko engajulile ukudla izingane, uhlamvu futhi ibhakede lamanzi komama babo. Ibhakede - ukuze goslings ayikwazanga ukuthola emgqonyeni ngamanzi minza kuwo.

ihansi Good eduze nokuqapha izingane isikhathi heats emva kokudla, eqoqa embotsheni. Lesi sidleke kufanele kwesokunxele ngeviki ke zisuswe, futhi endaweni yawo ukujikijela armload omkhulu we straw elomile. Nzalo izokwenziwa endaweni ehlwengekileko enkulu. Uma kakade elifudumele, goslings nomama kungenziwa akhishwe ungene utshani ngesikhathi esisodwa, ngokushesha nje lapho ngokuqiniseka yima ngezinyawo zabo. Uma goose ambalwa bese ngikhipha ukuze emadlelweni ezivamile kungenzeka kuphela ngemuva umama izingane kahle nomunye. Ngoba ngezinye izikhathi engaqondile goslings akwazi ukugibela nakakhulu ukuxoxa nabo mama yomunye. Ezinye ihansi, iwukuba liziphathe ngobudlova maqondana abangabazi amachwane ona ngisho goslings kancane.

Goslings abe umfutho high yokukhula, nge kuyanda ikakhulukazi okusheshayo ngenyanga yokuqala yokuphila. Uma goose day ubudala uhlala isisindo 100-120 g, osukwini-30 - ezingaphezu kuka-2 kg. Ukuze 60-70 izinsuku ngaphansi goslings ezinhle ezikhulayo yokondla ukwandisa isisindo somzimba wabo kokuqala ngezinye izikhathi 35-40, ukufinyelela 4-4.5 kg.

Kukhona ukubukwa ezimbili ezingafani kuphi kuleli cala kumele kube gander. Abanye bakholelwa ukuthi ngesikhathi bayashintshana ekufukameleni futhi okukhipha izingane Gusakov ukuba Goose kangcono sibagweme. Ngezinye okuthulile, efudumele, Ilanga elihlale libalele abasha nonina ake aphume otshanini ukuba "ukuthamela ilanga" elangeni avunyelwe eduze gander, eqaphela indlela ngeke baziphathe. Abanye ungayihumushi ihansi endaweni ehlukile lapho ihansi ehlezi amaqanda, bekholelwa ukuthi akasoze akasafuni futhi kuba isihawu kakhulu. Ukuzwa ntswininiza of amaphuphu, it ufaneleka socket, pokes ikhanda lakhe ngaphakathi, nesithakazelo, akakaze esicasula goslings. Ujabule kakhulu lapho ihansi okuhle sekuqalile esidlekeni ne goslings.

Isisindo bukhoma goose has a kokuhlukana okusezingeni eliphezulu zofuzo, ukuthi muhle ngilambatha phansi. Gusevod uma babefisa, kungaba ngempela ngempumelelo ukwandisa isisindo bukhoma goose ezifuywa kubo, ngokukhetha i-amaqanda bayashintshana ekufukameleni esikhulu ekushiyeni isizwe esikhulu goose. Kusukela amaqanda ezinkulu azoboniswa goslings ezinkulu diurnal kuyiphi luyokhula goose abasha ezinkulu. Uma gusevod uzogcwalisa ezizalela umhlambi, bayoba amaqanda ezinkulu, nokunye. Ngenxa yalokho, isisindo bukhoma yokuzalanisa goose bayovuka ngokushesha. Nokho, kufanele sikhumbule ukuthi ngesikhathi esifanayo inikezwe umhlambi wenzalo ngokwanele izinyoni uzokwehla: ukukhiqizwa amaqanda, wenzalo hatchability amaqanda. Lokhu kungenxa impendulo ubuhlobo begazi phakathi esisindo izinkukhu kanye yayo wenzalo: ukukhiqizwa amaqanda, wenzalo hatchability amaqanda, ngakho goose dilution Ptitsevod ukhetha esisindo kahle yenkukhu ziyafuywa, okuyinto akuvimbeli Inkulumo wenzalo okusezingeni eliphezulu futhi abalimi ephelele abantu abasha of ubukhulu ezifanele. Kubaluleke ngokufanayo ukushiya emndenini ngaphandle goose lokukhiqiza eliphezulu iqanda Gusakov nge umsebenzi wocansi okusezingeni eliphezulu.

Zonke amaqanda zisetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza goslings goose, ngakho abo okuzala futhi hatchability nakanjani kufanele kugcinwe ezingeni eliphezulu. Ukuze uthole amaqanda umnyuziki ukuchamisela, ukondla goose kufanele sibe abalinganiselayo zonke isibalo izakhi, ikakhulukazi amaprotheni namavithamini.

Izici yokudla

Goose - inyoni nedlelo, herbivorous. Amahansi ngokuzithandela kudla imali enkulu utshani fresh nedlelo ungumthombo eshibhe ukudla. Ukusebenzisa amadlelo namanzi kunomphumela omuhle jikelele umzimba goose. Bayakwazi udle usuku 2 kg mass oluhlaza. goose Adult emadlelweni ukukhiqiza ngokushesha ngemva oviposition. Ziklabe goose angasebenzisa uzamcolo, izimfunda ezomile futhi nemihosha. Lapho kungekho alo nethuba lokuba akhululwe goose emadlelweni, basuke agcinwe izibaya.

Kunezindlela ezintathu yokondla goose: ezomile, elina kuhlanganiswe.

Esikhathini eyomile uhlobo yokudla inyoni uthola ezomile, noma okuphakelayo pelleted ehlanganisa okuxubile okuphakelayo okusanhlamvu noma-Izingxube yalo. Le ndlela yokudla kudinga okugcwele ukuqinisekisa ukuthi Ukudla ahlanganiswe amavithamini nezinye izakhamzimba mineral ukondla Izingxube. Izinga nsuku zonke lingasethwa yesikhathi esisodwa - ekuseni ngokusebenzisa le ndlu esebenza ngogesi othomathikhi, ngaphandle kokwesaba umonakalo. Ngo indlela ezimanzi yokudla comminuted okuphakelayo bagxila oswakanyiswe amanzi, avalele ukucutshungulwa, izinsalela ukudla uketshezi, ikhishi imfucuza, oqoshiwe ifolishi namanzi, inyama kanye nenhlanzi nokugeza. Ukuphakelwa oswakanyiswe (Mash) is kalula ngaphansi acidification ehlobo umnkantsha ebusika. Ngakho-ke, zibekwe phezu Element ngaphambi nje udla. Esikhathini kuhlanganiswe indlela yokudla siqukethe kokubili ezomile futhi olumanzi kusukela feed, omisiwe ukudla isilwane kungahle esebenza ngogesi ahlukene njalo ezimanzi ukusabalalisa elilodwa noma amabili izikhathi ngosuku.

Ifolishi - inhlanganisela eyinkimbinkimbi eyohlobo ka ehlutshiwe nechobozekile usayizi edingekayo feedstuffs ezahlukene kanye microadditives ukuhlinzeka izinyoni umnyuziki yokudla.

Ikhishwa okuphakelayo ephelele (PC) futhi ifomu granulated okuxekethile, okuphakelayo ugxilisa kanye feed-namatshana. PC - inhlanganisela ukuhlinzeka ngokugcwele amandla yenkukhu, izakhi kanye compounds eziphila abakhuthele ngaphandle yokudla eyengeziwe kanye nezinye microadditives okuphakelayo (Table 1).

okuphakelayo luyimbudumbudu akusho ukwehlukanisa phakathi ezokuthutha nokusatshalaliswa, le nyoni akakwazi ukukhetha izinhlayiya ngabanye kokudla kwezilwane, okuphakelayo ibhalansi akuyona aphazamiseka, ngoba kunciphisa ukulahlekelwa mechanical ngenxa kusakazeka uthuli. I elimbudumbudu ezigcinwe kangcono izinto eziphila abakhuthele, carotene ikakhulukazi, amavithamini; inqubo granulation ngenxa ingcindezi kanye lokushisa inyuka digestibility izakhi futhi abanye inhibitor nciphisa (ejenti okuyinto ukunciphisa digestibility) amaprotheni.

microaddings ifolishi abasizakali - premixes.

Grain wokudla okuphakelayo goose hlala ingxenye enkulu ekudleni ngesikhathi fattening olunzulu kuphela. Ngo yenkukhu izimo infield usebenzisa corn, ukolweni, ibhali, i-oats, unyaluthi, amabele, amabele, i-rye, nokunye okufana nokolweni groats futhi wokudla imfucuza izinsalela (Table 2).

Amahansi anamathela kahle bakwazi ukuba zikwazi ukuthola izakhi ifolishi green, amnandi futhi indawo, ngenxa okuyinto izidingo zabo ziyafezwa. Emini, the ihansi uyakwazi ukudla 2 kg, nokuningi kotshani obuluhlaza, okuhlangabezana nezidingo ingxenye enkulu yomzimba wakhe e izakhi kanye amavithamini. Ekupheleni kwekwindla, ebusika kanye kwentwasahlobo goose ukukhiqiza kufika ku-300 amagremu ezinhle hay ukudla ngosuku. It is kahle kugayeke, okuyinto ngokunenzuzo kuthinta okuqukethwe amavithamini e amaqanda kanye nekhwalithi goslings nsuku zonke. Ngaphandle kokudla goose ku emadlelweni aluhlaza kunciphisa izikhathi 2 izindleko okuphakelayo kanzulu iyunithi ukukhula ngayinye, ukwehlisa inani labasebenzi kanye nezindleko inyama. Active ingasetshenziswa nokudla besiyoba sikhulu njenge corn ihleza ngefomu particulate, amabele noma oats Mash at 200 ekhanda ngalinye. Ukusetshenziswa goose roughage ezomile iyona engcono ngaphezulu uma enongiwe ne ukwengeza kanzulu ifolishi beetroot kanye namazambane abilisiwe. Amahansi kugaywe kahle fibre ibhali, i-oats, uphizi. Njengoba okuphakelayo wokuqukethwe lelisetulu fibre, ngokuvamile eshibhile, kunciphisa izindleko izindleko yokondla izinkukhu. Amahansi gizzard kukhona ukugaya mechanical lemali elikhulu ukudla. Lokhu kungenzeka uma esiswini zamatshe ezincane, okungase kube kufika ku izingcezu 30 ngesikhathi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amathumbu izimpumputhe ngenxa nezilwanyana ezincane ezihlukahlukene wajinge wanamatsela ikakhulu plant izingxenye okune-fibre. Nokwenziwa amafutha engena ukudla, goose ku ezahlukene 45-55%, siphezulu kunamanye izinga nezinye izinhlobo yenkukhu.

Ithebula 1 Ukubunjwa okuphakelayo goose

izingxenye

okuphakelayo ngokugcwele

Feedstuff okuqukethwe ongaphakeme amaprotheni

corn  

40

43

kakolweni  

20

20

ibhali

7

9

Oats noma amabele

3

-

Uhlelo Oluvumelana Nesixazululi nkinga

10

7

imvubelo

2

4

kakolweni bran

2

2

inhlanzi sakusihlwa

3

2

ufulawa Inyama Bone

1

-

ufulawa herbal

4

4

ufulawa Rakushechnaya

3.5

4.5

umcako

3

3

usawoti

0.5

0.5

vitamin amalungiselelo

1

1

Ubude:

100

100

Kusukela amnandi green ifolishi silage fed yenkukhu, izaqathe, Ugalonci, ushukela isithombo sebhitrudi, amazambane, iklabishi, okusabhontshisi, utshani kanye forbs. Roughage (utshani obomisiwe, utshani sakusihlwa kanye udoti, amahlamvu) njengoba green ifolishi unothile ngamavithamini. Izinga nsuku zonke lincike ohlotsheni futhi sidala kangakanani izinyoni.

Baningi oluhlaza ngesimo goose asanda mowed ezidla kusuka ahlukene yokudla emikhombeni, futhi igaya - sengezwe Mash in inani 40-50% yokudla. Amahansi sinake umbala kanye nephunga ukudla. Ziyakwazi sisekele aklaba oluhlaza, kahle badle izitshalo nge ophikelelayo leaf blade: horsetail futhi isanqante eziqongweni ezimila emanzini - duckweed. Kusukela okusanhlamvu like kakolweni utshani, umshiya bluegrass, i-oats abasha rye; imidumba - alfalfa kanye clover.

Amahansi ezinamehlo abukhali kakhulu, ngakho-ke abakwazi ukudla ebumnyameni. Ebusuku, ikakhulukazi entathakusa, ayakwazi ukudla ukudla okunengi ngesikhathi sasemini, + ngakho gusevody ukushiya ukudla esebenza ngogesi ebusuku, okuyinto ebaluleke kakhulu, ikakhulukazi zikhwelwe.

Ithebula 2 elilinganiswayo nezidingo namazinga ekuphakeleni goose (g ikhanda ngamunye ngosuku)

poop

inkathi ebandayo

Isikhathi efudumele

okusanhlamvu

50

-

uphizi eyodwa isiqeshana

50

40

kakolweni bran

50

50

uphizi olwembiza

100

100

Utshani ukudla, notshani, nenhlanga, silage

500

-

Beet, izaqathe, amazambane

500

-

zasemazweni

-

1500

Shell, wokulinganisa, limestone

15

10

usawoti

2

3

Amahansi uncamela okuphakelayo amnandi. Matters futhi lokuhlushwa carbohydrate. Ukwenqaba emakamu fructose 1.5 no-3%, ngeke wenqabe 10 no-20 isixazululo amaphesenti. With ongaphakeme ikhalori yokudla ngaphezulu inyoni mnandi ibusa ezinoshukela ukudla.

okusanhlamvu Brewer sika fed goose 30-35 amagremu ngosuku. Imvubelo ezomile lombhaki futhi elikulesi kungenzeka busuka ekudleni abasebasha ababevela kuwo usuku lwesihlanu zokuphila. Dry beetroot uginindela ingentiwa abafika kwabangu-10% ngesisindo sezinti ifolishi kanzulu.

Kusukela animal feed esetshenziswa inyama, inyama kanye bone, inhlanzi kanye igazi sakusihlwa, ubisi powder, elinebhotela futhi ngalo ubisi, inhlanzi nenyama bhisikidi, igazi fresh, isilwane amafutha engenakudliwa ngobubi bawo. I ezomile animal feed kumele singeqi 7% okuphakelayo kwekhasi.

Kuye indlela yokudla Kwenziwa kanye ohambelana okuphakelayo ukulungiselela, tifinyeleleke kuwo esengeziwe yokudla, ngcono digestibility futhi assimilability.

Impande izitshalo ngaphambi yokudla nahlanza kusuka ukungcola, wageza phansi. Ingxenye okusanhlamvu feed nayo nepepper. Lapho kwasani okusanhlamvu izakhi alo atholakale kubantu ukugaya kanye ukusetshenziswa ngokwandisa ebusweni ukuxhumana mucosa we ipheshana wokugaya ukudla nesiphuzo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izingxenye Ukudla kangcono axutshwa nomunye.

Lwenza Umuntu Abe Nenkululeko lincike ohlotsheni futhi sidala kangakanani izinyoni. Kukhona kuziwa elandelayo ukugaya: esihle ukugaya - 0.2 mm ngokwesilinganiso - 1 kuya 1.8 mm, ende - 1.8-2.8 mm. inyoni Adult efiselekayo ukunikeza ingxenyenamba esikhulu (isilinganiso) ukugaya, intsha