Ubani owasungula le yocingo? Ngayiphi ngonyaka Kwenzeka kanjani lokhu?

Ukubukeka telegraphs kuye kwasusa umgoqo kwezobuchwepheshe. Nge kwakunokwenzeka ukuba adlulisele amasignali ezahlukene kanye nemiyalezo. Yini unyaka owasungula le yocingo? Ngubani umlobi wayo? Funda ngakho esihlokweni.

yizimbaxa

Man njengomuntu nomphakathi, ngaso sonke isikhathi kudingeka ukuxhumana zazo siqu. Ngisho nasezikhathini zasendulo, kusukela ngomzuzu ka ndawonye abantu babehlangana ngamaqembu amancane, kukhona ngesidingo sokwakhiwa kohlelo alamu. Wedlula umlayezo, esiyisixwayiso ingozi.

Ngakho, eyodwa yezindlela ezindala kunazo zonke isignali ukudluliswa ezihluzekile. On kusondela izitha waxwayisa, belingisa umsindo bemvelo, ezifana izinyoni ngitshiyoza, izikhova ememeza. kwekhabhoni Sound futhi usebenzisa uphondo noma zomculo. Enye indlela ephumelelayo ukudlulisa isiginali - kungcono umlilo. He is esikhathini sethu kungaba wusizo, silahlekelwe emahlathini abayizithulu izivakashi.

Nge ekukhuleni komphakathi okwakudinga indlela eyanele futhi innovative mkhosi. Futhi wabonakala. Okulandelayo, zama ukuthola ukuthi ubani owavela yocingo. Concept kusho yocingo ukudluliswa kusho nge imigudu yokuxhumana lophansi. Lezi ziteshi kungaba omsakazo noma izintambo. Igama elithi kwakhiwa kusukela amazwi ngolimi lwesiGreki - ". Ngokubhala" tele futhi grapho, okuyinto uhumusha njengoba "kude" futhi Amagama athi "ucingo" futhi "telex" banendabuko efanayo.

Ngubani kuqala owasungula le yocingo?

I yocingo lokuqala kwaba optical. Akwaziwa owasungula yocingo. izihloko Okuprintiwe mayelana indlela baqala ukuvela ekuseni kakhulu. Kodwa phakathi kwalabo abalamukela owasungula le yocingo, ngokuqinisekile kuyinto usosayensi oyiNgisi uHooke. wabonisa njengoba ekuseni njengoba 1684 mshini wakhe. At inhliziyo lo mshini ibha slider bese imibuthano, okuyinto kungabonwa kusukela ibanga elide.

Njengoba lisetshenziswe Helio yocingo optical. It lamiswa ngo 1778 phakathi zokubuka ye-Greenwich naseParis. Helio ngokuvamile ke esisogwini tripod, futhi ngaphakathi kwaba isibuko esincane. Isignali idluliselwa esebenzisa Kubaneka ukukhanya, okwakubekelwa etholakale lapho insimbi esitshekile. Umbhali wale divayisi kunzima ukubiza, kodwa kokusungulwa yayidumile phakathi kwezempi, ngisho ngekhulu XIX.

semaphore

Ngo 1792, waseFrance Klod Shapp owasungula le-optical yocingo-like indlela heliograph. Isignali wadluliselwa ukukhanya kwelanga Babechichima semaphore. izakhiwo eziningana ezifanayo ubude zafakwa obhekene nomunye. Kwakumelwe semaphores, futhi abantu esebenzisa.

Kakade 1794, endleleni esuka Paris Lille 22 iziteshi efakiwe nge semaphores. On ukudluliswa isiginali kwathatha imizuzu mayelana 2. Lolu hlelo mkhosi usuthandwa kakhulu. Bakhandwa zakha nezinye iziteshi. Isignali idluliselwa olunembile okungaphezu yesibani kanye isignali intuthu.

Chappe owasungula uhlelo olukhethekile amakhodi. On the semaphore nendawo ahlelwe emapheshana. Pushing noma kuhlangene, akha umfanekiso othile, ngamunye elihambisana incwadi zamagama. Ngomzuzu owodwa, kwakunokwenzeka ukudlulisa amagama amabili.

yocingo Electric

Ekupheleni kwekhulu XVIII, abacwaningi kanye abaqambi batadisha izakhiwo ugesi. Umbono kanye silisebenzise kulowo yocingo. Ngo-1774, uGeorge Lesage wadala yocingo yokuqala electrostatic. Kamuva uSamuweli Semmering yasungulwa indlela electrochemical nge igesi Bubbles ngaphakathi.

Ngo 1832, uPawulu Schilling uthola kulabo owasungula le yocingo kagesi. Ngo usilika imicu ezazilengiswe izinaliti ezinhlanu enozibuthe ukuhambisa ohlobo ngaphakathi kusahlangene wire. Lamanje isiqondiso kunqunywa isiqondiso lapho ezihambayo inaliti kazibuthe. Dlulisa kungaba kokubili izinhlamvu nezinombolo.

Vele ngemuva Schilling kwalandelwa uchungechunge ezisunguliwe efanayo Gauss futhi Weber amaJalimane, AmaNgisi Pheka Watson. Kodwa yephathenti yocingo kagesi siya kuSamuweli Morse, njengoba wayengesilo switch, futhi uhlobo lokukhanda. Kamuva, umsunguli necebo edumile emhlabeni ikhodi isignali - Morse code.

telautograph

Zemvelo waseScotland wathutha izinyathelo ezimbalwa phambili. Aleksandr Beyn waba ngowokuqala owasungula yocingo, uyakwazi okuxhunyanwa izithombe. Idivayisi uvele 1843 futhi yabizwa ngokuthi "Telephoto". Yena ubhekwa ngukhokho fax.

Italian Caselli kudala efana kokusungulwa apharathasi Bane bese eqala ekukhiqizweni. Special izithombe ukudlulisa ukuvenisha noma imidwebo ku ucwecwe phambili. Umshini izakhi esifundekayo futhi babanike iphepha electrochemically. Kamuva onobuhle Telephoto ngisho esetshenziswa ukwenziwa amabalazwe.

yocingo engenantambo

Ngo-1895, uhlobo olusha ngokuphelele yocingo kwaboniswa eRussia, ngokuthi "isiphepho inkomba". Ubani owasungula le yocingo engenantambo? Umsunguli kwaba isazi sesayensi esidumile Alexander Popov. Injongo eyinhloko kwaba ukubhalisa indlela amaza omsakazo olukhiqiza phambi isiphepho.

Empeleni, kwaba umsakazo wezwe wokuqala. Ngu iqhakambisa imodeli wokuqala "isiphepho inkomba" osekuzuziwe ukuthi isiginali lubhalwe ngekhodi i-Morse code, waphasiswa ngqo headphones kuse ecaleni eyamukelayo. Popov Idivayisi iye yasetshenziswa ngempumelelo ukuxhumana phakathi imikhumbi ogwini. It is kabanzi ezindabeni zezempi.

Inkathi entsha

A esigabeni esisha kakhulu ekuthuthukeni telegraphs wafika ngo-1872, ngemva kokusungulwa Jean Bodo uqala-ayeke yocingo. Siyabonga kuye, sekungenzeka ukuthumela imilayezo amaningi kwelinye isiqondiso.

Ngo-1930, iyunithi uqedele Bodo okokudayela kudiski. Babefana amasondo zethu evamile ukudayela kumaselula amadala. Manje ungacacisa oxhumana okuhloselwe umyalezo. idivayisi okunjalo kwezinkolo kubizwa ngokuthi "i-telex". Emazweni amaningi emhlabeni wonke ziye zaqala kusungula tinhlelo kazwelonke zokubhalisa wiring. amanethiwekhi okunjalo, kuye kwavela, ezifana eJalimane, e-UK, USA.

Okwamanje, yocingo yayisekhona. Kodwa-ke, ubuchwepheshe ezintsha Sekuyisikhathi eside ngelinye ke esikhundleni "retrosistem".