Ubani owasungula le umculo futhi kungani bebizwa?

Ngisho ngaphandle imfundo zomculo cishe wonke umuntu uyazi amagama amanothi umculo. Kusukela ebuntwaneni, amagama ajwayelekile kubonakale kujwayelekile futhi akavumi ukuba imibuzo eminingi kakhulu. descant Musical esikoleni noma ukusungulwa zomculo amagama nothi akulona ungaqiniseki.

Kodwa konke so simple? Ingabe amagama inothi zishintshile kusukela ukuphathwa wabo wokuqala? Futhi ngubani ekhuphuka nalezi "amagama"?

Kuyini inothi?

Ngokufunda izikolo lemisebenti, hhayi wonke umculi noma umuntu emgwaqweni kwaziswa bangase bazibuze abenyukela amanothi kanye namagama abo. Kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo abantu baye bazama ukuba adlulisele ezinye amazwi umsindo: izwi, ungqongqoze nokunye.

Umculo kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo ayebhekwa oluphakeme kakhulu ubuciko. UPlato, isazi sefilosofi esidumile, wayekholelwa ukuthi kwakuwumsebenzi umculo enikeza umphefumulo womuntu amaphiko, inikeza umcabango ukucabanga futhi iletha okuhle kubantu.

Kakade ezikhathini zasendulo, abantu kuhlobene ezimpilweni zabo ngomculo: owesifazane, ugxile imisebenzi yansuku zonke, ngomusa humming ingoma elula. Motifs Calm and enhlobonhlobo kusiza ukuba bawe ngokushesha izingane elele.

Abantu abaningi bayazi ukuthi noma iyiphi imizwilili siqukethe amanothi. Kodwa lokho inothi? Kusukela Nota Latin lisho ilebula noma uphawu. Amanothi umculo asetshenziselwa i ukumelwa ecacile ithoni ethize. Nge izinhlamvu ezengeziwe, ezifana sharps futhi emafulethini, yimuphi umsindo enamathiselwe nokunye okwengeziwe: ukuphakama, ubude kanye umsindo.

notation German

amagama komkhuba abakhuluma isiRashiya amanothi kusuka C B, zizwakala ukuhluka kwezinye izilimi. Kwelinye ezivamile incwadi notation baye tinkhulumo kulamanye "amagama»: C, D, E, F, G, A no H. Lolu hlelo ungowokuzalwa yeJalimane, futhi-ke ubizwa ngokuthi i-N. C inothi

Kulesi simiso, umsindo le notation emculweni ephakeme - Sharp - the eziyimpumelelo iyisiqhingi. Ngokwesibonelo, ngo-C abukhali - cis nokunye. Okuwukuphela ngaphandle - the C. inothi Ukuze akhombise umsindo yayo ephakeme usebenzisa b uphawu. Lower umsindo - ophela -Ingabe. Ukuxolela ngoba akekho isikolo. Bekar - lofeleba ophansi, ishidi umculo notation.

isiZulu notation

incwadi notation German kuvamile cishe wonke amazwe aseYurophu. Ukuxolela - State lapho State ngesiNgisi. Kukhona futhi amanothi selisho zamagama isiLatini, kodwa kusuka ku- A kuya G. Yize incwadi A oluhambisana uqaphele La. izimpawu engeziwe: Bekar - incwadi ezifanayo Cijela - Sharp, Flat - flat.

Indawo amanothi stave

Ekuhloleni izikolo wezinsimbi kuyabonakala ukuthi wonke amanothi bheka okufanayo - okusaqanda emnyama noma emhlophe esisogwini noma phakathi kwemigqa. It ahluke kuphela isikhundla sabo futhi ukuma engxenyeni engenhla. Futhi ngaphambi kokuba ukwazi abenyukela inothi, kumelwe uqonde ukuthi ukuhlukanisa phakathi kwabo.

Okokuqala nje Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi zonke amanothi esisogwini abasebenzi: ababusi abahlanu. Ukulandisa kuqhubeka kusukela phansi kuze. Amanothi ebhaliwe evela kwesokunxele kuya kwesokudla. Umugqa ngamunye oluhambisana inothi esithile. Uma kungekho line, umugqa kungaba ngesandla ukuqedela okuqoshiwe umsindo eliphezulu kakhulu noma eliphansi.

Ukuma nombala we amanothi lidlule ubude bayo. Ngokwesibonelo, i-okusaqanda evulekile ngaphandle imigqa eyengeziwe - yonke inothi, okuyinto ihlala akhawunti ezine ezigcwele. Uma okweqanda unshaded engeza Wand - ezolile - uthole inothi isigamu ilingana akhawunti amabili. okusaqanda Egcwele ezolile - inothi ikota. Ukubopha nge ukuzola futhi flag - inothi lwesishiyagalombili, njalo njalo.

Kodwa ngaphambi kokuthi ubhale amanothi stave, efakwa zonxantathu ukhiye noma bass. Yizo ezinquma ithoni jikelele umsebenzi.

Ukubukeka lokuqala umculo

Ngaphambi kokuzama ukuthola indlela bachazele izingane, abenyukela amanothi, odinga ukukwazi, lapho uqala ukuvela. Ngendlela evamile kusuka C B, zalotshwa kuphela eNkathini Ephakathi, ekhulwini leshumi nanye. Kodwa lokhu akusho ukuthi ngaphambi kokuphela kwalesi sikhathi wawungekho umculo.

Ngaphambi kokufika ifomu evamile ebhalana umculo umsindo tonalities ahlukene ebekwe izinhlamvu zamagama: isiGreki noma isiLatini. Kodwa leli fomu uye waba irekhodi nzima. Hlabelelani zonke izincwadi ukuba kwakunzima, ukubhala amaphuzu ngoba ikhwaya eziningi-lizwakalise cishe kungenakwenzeka.

Ngokushesha le abahlabeleli ebandla aqala ukusebenzisa ezahlukene notation: izingwegwe futhi curls, noma neumes. Ngakho, nge isakhiwo sabo jikelele ngocansi nge iculo: Phakamisani noma wehlise umsindo. Kodwa le ndlela yokubhala kwakungenakwenzeka ukuba adlulisele play esiqondile Ihubo. Futhi khumbula, hubo ngamunye singers ababanga ithuba.

Izehlo komugqa notation

Neumes ayikwazanga ukuveza ngokunembile chants isici, yaqala ngaleso sikhathi ukufuna indlela entsha yokudlulisela engamamitha nobude amanothi. Ukuze uqale neumes waqala engeza incwadi lapho libhekisela kuye lo ithoni. Kodwa ngenxa isikolo sabo kwaba nzima kakhulu, futhi ngezinye izikhathi ukuqonda kwaba into ngempela eziyinkinga.

Yashintsha notation wenza Guido Italian kusukela Haaretz. Esikhundleni izinhlamvu besiyoba sikhulu futhi kube curlicues emgqeni, okuyinto kamuva atholwe wokuthi hlobo luni lomculo abasebenzi yesimanje. Kodwa ekuqaleni kwakungemnandi imigqa emibili kuphela, bese inani lakhuphuka lafika ku ezine. Khona-ke Guido wafundisa singers notation emculweni: neumes yayibhalwe emigqeni noma phakathi kwazo. Ngakho, ngesikhathi umsebenzi ngamunye ukuthi yini uhla kuyadingeka ukwenza umculo ethile.

Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, neumes ungakhululekile kwathathelwa indawo nozakwabo square, futhi kuphela ngemva kweminyaka eminingi, ziye zaba ovals tabobunjwa.

Gvido Aretinsky: indoda eyanikeza amagama amanothi

Nokho, abenyukela amanothi futhi igama labo zanamuhla? Ngo 991 noma 992 AD, wazalwa Gvido Aretinsky. Sikhula, waba umhlaziyi umculo, kamuva owaba ngomunye izibalo ebaluleke kakhulu ngeNkathi Ephakathi.

amagama Qaphela yasungulwa ngokunembile Guido. Italian uye waziboleka kusukela eculweni lasendulo ukuze uSanta uJohane uMbhapathizi. Chant ayebhalwe Latin.

Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi le iculo inemigqa eziyisikhombisa futhi ngamunye umsindo yabenza ithoni kunosuku odlule. amaqoqo kokuqala amaqoqo zokuqala eziyisithupha ezilandelayo: Indlela, Re, Mi, Fa, uSol La. Nakuba amagama umculo kusungulwe Italian Arezzo, kepha waguqula esingesihle ekuphimiseni Indlela ukuzwa izingoma kakhudlwana futhi komkhuba Do. Imibono ephathelene lapho kukhona Do, okuningi. Ethandwa kakhulu babo lithi ilunga sokuqala elithi Latin Dominus - Nkosi. Kodwa isiqinisekiso lolu lwazi ayitholakali.

Inothi lwesikhombisa - C - futhi wathola igama layo kamuva. Uhlamvu kwakhiwa Uma kubhekwa izincwadi zokuqala zamagama umugqa lwesikhombisa: Saint John - Si.

Bika lo mbono

Abaningi kulabo abafuna ukuthola ulwazi mayelana nokuthi ubani owasungula le amanothi akuzona ngokuphelele emithonjeni enokwethenjelwa. Eminyakeni yamuva, umsebenzi okusezingeni eliphezulu zokuxhumana nabantu ikhiqize amakhulu ezinkulungwane amaqembu, nsuku zonke ishicilela amaqiniso athakazelisayo kusuka emlandweni.

Ngokwesibonelo, ezinye izincwadi bangase ukuphendula umbuzo owasungula amagama amanothi. Futhi nakuba nombhali amarekhodi anjalo ayicacisiwe, iqembu Abalawuli zithi amagama inothi uvela Igama lesiLatini leNkosi, le ndaba, lesi kwakuyisimangaliso sangempela, komthala wethu, ilanga, i-Milky Way nangamazulu.

Lo mbono kabanzi njengoba ababhalisile ukukholelwa ukuthi iqoqo ongacabangi amazwi amahle nganoma iyiphi nge lemakhono ekukwati kufundza nekubhala zomculo. Nokho, lolu lwazi sibi: labo yasungulwa umculo yayiyindlela Gvido Aretinsky.

Umlando of umculo, ezifana lulula futhi lucacile, kwaba edidayo kuhlanganisa izinguquko eziningi. Umculo izibalo zeminyaka eyedlule kwadingeka asebenze kanzima ukuze unikeze amanothi look zamanje ajwayelekile futhi umsindo. Ukuze uqonde ukubaluleka le nqubo, odinga ukukwazi futhi owanikela amagama amanothi, futhi yini ebangela amaqoqo elula.