Stalin phezulu eMoscow. 7 namabhilidi uStalin eMoscow (isithombe)

emakhulu asibhozo esenzeka eMoscow weza nzima kwezikhathi zokulotshwa impi. Izwe lase liqala nje ukuthola ukusuka kokuhlasela kwamaNazi. Nokho, kuba ukwakhiwa ka namabhilidi kukaStalin ngo eMoscow wethulwa ngalolu suku.

obeka isisekelo

EU.SSR Council of Ministers 1947 lathatha isinqumo ku ukwakhiwa eziyisishiyagalombili izakhiwo ephezulu liphumele eMoscow. Yiqiniso, lesi sinqumo yashicilelwa ne ukwamukelwa ngisho, mhlawumbe, ekuthatheni isinyathelo uStalin.

Obeka isisekelo senzeka ngesikhathi esifanayo, ngosuku olufanayo, ngosuku lokugujwa esenzeka ngalo inhlokodolobha --7 September. Ngehora ngaphambili endaweni Soviet kwakhiwa lesikhumbuzo Yuriyu Dolgorukomu, umsunguli eMoscow. Akungabazeki ukuthi lezi zenzakalo ayehloselwe kubonise yokuthi, njengoba kwakuke Yury Dolgoruky yabeka isisekelo inhlokodolobha Russian kusukela ngosuku lokuzalwa kwakhe 800th, ubusisa wakhe nge entsha enkulu, ungase uthi, isikhathi epochal emlandweni walo .

Stalin phezulu eMoscow Kwakuhlelwe njengoba samuntu amandla zwe elikhulukazi futhi wonke abantu baseSoviet. By the way, zazakhiwe, futhi kwamanye amadolobha kweSoviet Union kanye namazwe sezenhlalo.

Umqondo grand

Ngokwemibiko ethile, umbono yokuqala ukwakhiwa kwamabhilidi amade eMoscow wayezifunela udumo nakakhulu. Eight eliphezulu liphumele izakhiwo kwakufanele sakufanelekela ezizungeze ngisho izakhiwo umxhwele nakakhulu - Palace of amaSoviet, amaHubo bugcizelelwa sibalo nenqwaba umholi yesigaba sabasebenzi - VI Lenin. Nokho, lo msebenzi wayemiselwe ukuba behluleka.

Nakuba kwase kubekwe isisekelo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ladilizwa ethempelini LikaKristu UMsindisi, endaweni lapho eqala ukuba kwakhiwe le Isigodlo namaSoviet.

Wayesebenza ku neqembu elalenza lo msebenzi we abaklami eholwa BM Iofana.

Mayelana omkhulukazi isakhiwo esivezwa uthi okungenani yokuthi kuphela umthamo yangaphakathi lwesigodlo ngabe ihlanganise ezintathu mbhoshongo ka Cheops. Figure Lenin kufanele sifinyelele amamitha 100. Indawo ephakeme isamba Isigodlo amaSoviet nge lesikhumbuzo kuhlelwe amamitha 420. Ngesikhathi, ayanda izakhiwo akazange ezikhona emhlabeni.

Laqala ukwakhiwa ngo-1937. Ngaphambi ngesikhathi sempi ayengazange ngempela ukwakha ngisho isizinda izakhiwo steel emude eziyishumi storey indlu. Nokho, impi hhayi kuphela kuphazamisekile ukwakhiwa, kodwa futhi baphoqwa ukuba ukuqaqa zensimbi uyithumele ukwakhiwa ngaphezu kudingekile ukuvikela izinto dolobha: amabhuloho futhi odongeni ngokuhlukana.

Qeda into omkhulukazi futhi kuhlulekile. Sekuyisikhathi eside Isisekelo sakhe esebenza pool, futhi ngo-1990 kusayithi Nethempeli LikaKristu UMsindisi zase zimile.

Kodwa Stalin phezulu eMoscow okwamanje bazakha.

I-skyscraper eliphakeme

On Sparrow Hills yayakhiwe le phezulu kwezihlahla ezinde kunazo zonke Stalin - isakhiwo eyinhloko eMoscow State University. Yakhiwa iminyaka emine - phakathi kuka-1949 kuya 1953rd. Project Team Architects: SE Chernyshev, L. Rudnev, i-PV Abrosimov, V Nasonov futhi AF Nezintibane.

Kunobufakazi bokuthi i-ukwakhiwa kwesakhiwo Uhlaka wathatha amathani 40 steel nodonga -. Izitini kwezigidi ezingu-175. Star Isisindo efakwe Spire we ephezulu liphumele, kuyinto amathani angaba ngu-12.

Ukuphakama umzimba omkhulu ifinyelela MSU 236 metres, isakhiwo has 36 izibuya. Ngaye, 68 nezinqolobane zommbila kanye ngesivinini nezitebele zamahhashi zenziwe.

On ukwakhiwa ephezulu liphumele ukusebenza iziboshwa eziningi owathembisa ukukhululwa zakuqala, lapho isakhiwo izokwakhiwa. Ukuze sihlale siseduze abakhi into ayehlelwe isiphetho Solntsevo. Manje sekuwumkhuba yezindawo yenhloko-dolobha.

Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi post-Soviet, izindaba akunasisekelo njengoba amakhowe, yene namabhilidi uStalin eMoscow: i obuyimfihlo kuzo ubusa ngaphezu ngokoqobo. Ngokwesibonelo, khuluma ngezinto imihubhe imfihlo, efanelekayo zonke egumbini lokuphumula futhi izindawo ukuze eavesdrop ezingxoxweni zabantu. Futhi mayelana MSU legends ukuthi ingena emhlabathini ngesilinganiso esifanayo, indlela kwemibhoshongo eminingi ngaphezu komhlabathi. Egumbini yecebo lakhe izindlu ukubeka nangomcibisholo ukuzivikela maphakathi nenhloko-dolobha.

"INdlu aviators"

Stalin phezulu eMoscow ezakhiwa ezingxenyeni ezihlukahlukene zenhloko-dolobha. Ngokwesibonelo, ephezulu liphumele wokwakha yokuhlala wavuka kuvukela Square. Uma esikhundleni sakhe kwaba emzaneni Kudrin. Manje isikwele eyabuyiswa igama layo elidala - Kudrinskaya.

Ukwakhiwa namabhilidi waqala ngo-1948 yaphela ngo-1954. ukuphakama kwalo kuyinto 156 metres. Endlini 24 khona phansi (central okuyingxenye), izandiso ohlangothini lalinabashumayeli 18 izibuya. Indlu lwenzelwe 450 amafulethi.

Lesi sakhiwo saklanywa saba ngu wezakhiwo A. Mndoyants MV Posokhin.

Ukuze WWII sikhathi, le ndlu wawumangalisa ngempela: izitebhisi zemabula, ngesivinini zommbila, Ezindaweni zokwamukela izivakashi ivulekile, amakamelo nge Uphahla lwangaphakathi eliphezulu ... Apartments ephezulu liphumele waya abasebenzi embonini zezindiza - okungukuthi, ukuhlolwa bamabhanoyi, osomkhathi, izindiza umklami, ngakho walalela ebizwa ukuthi "Indlu aviator ". Nokho, sahlala lapha nezisebenzi party, nabadlali bemidlalo yaseshashalazini.

Indlu Ubuye esitolo a, imidlalo yaseshashalazini, yokupaka komhlaba nokunye okuningi.

Ceiling ngaphandle izinkanyezi

Ministry of isakhiwo wezangaPhandle yayakhiwe project abaklami M. Minkus futhi VG Gelfreich. Yavula namabhilidi eziyisikhombisa uStalin e Moscow, njengoba yayibizwa sokuqala esakhiwa. Isakhiwo zazilengela ukuba 172 amamitha ku Smolenskaia Hay-endaweni lalinabashumayeli 27 phansi, ifakwe 28 ngamakheshi, iningi okwakukhona ngesivinini.

In the plan yasekuqaleni isakhiwo sokuqala saba Spire. Nokho, kuleli fomu, awufani uStalin. Futhi, njengoba indaba iya, wafundiswa ukuba ngokushesha ukuqedela ukuyakha. Lokhu wabuza nobunzima, ngokuyinhloko ngenxa umthwalo ezengeziwe. Ngakho-ke Spire ukufakwa ngaphezulu zokuhlobisa, ishidi steel. Ngokwemvelo, futhi zazo inkulumo inkanyezi abakwazanga ukuya (ababange ame Spire). Ngakho-ke, ku-isakhiwo ezingeni ukuphakama 114 amamitha wakha elingenamikhono izingalo wase-USSR.

By the way, namuhla Stalin Skyscraper akuyona kuphela Ministry of Foreign Affairs, kodwa Ministry of Foreign Economic Relations and Trade we Russian Federation.

ukuphakama yesibili - "Ukraine"

Ukwakhiwa isakhiwo saqala ngo-1953, saphela ngo-1957, kakade ngaphansi Khrushchev. Nokho, futhi ekuqaleni ke wayezelwe ehhotela. Nazi nje igama ke, Khrushchev wakhetha omunye. Phela, Ukraine - yendawo azalelwa kuyo.

Isakhiwo sakhiwa umsebenzi wokuthuthukisa abaklami AG Mordvinova futhi VK Oltarzhevskaya ku Kutuzovsky Prospekt. Ukuphakama ngaphandle Spire ifinyelela 198 metres, lo Spire ingesinye amamitha 8. Ngo isakhiwo eliphezulu liphumele - 34 emabhilidini.

Tour of the namabhilidi uStalin e Moscow, yebo, ngeke adlule hlangothi nakuloluya "Ukraine". Nakuba, uma kuphela ngoba itholakala diorama, nobe sakhiwo eMoscow ngo-1977. It senziwa iNational uMbukiso Melika, futhi uyala Ministry yakhe Wezindaba Zangaphandle. Wenze diorama isikhungo yokubukisa kakhulu futhi mlando eMoscow cishe ngokuphelele.

Ihhotela kusuka 2005 kuya ku-2010, ibilokhu a kulungiswe enkulu, kwenza abanikazi abasha. Ngemva kwalokho, ihhotela owayemuhle wayebizwa ngokuthi «RadissonRoyalHotel».

nezazi zokudala House

Ukwakhiwa endlini okwaqala ngaphambi kwempi (1938-1940 GG.), Futhi yaphela ngo-1952. Architects - AK Rostkowska futhi DN Chechulin.

Lesi sakhiwo saba 32 emabhilidini futhi ukuphakama kwalo ifinyelela 176 amamitha. Elalihlotshiswe ngayo yayinemibhoshongo ngemuva nangaphambili namaqembu sculptural. Zitholakale endaweni enhle kakhulu - ngesikhathi confluence eMfuleni Moskva kanye Yauza.

Hhayi izindaba Stalin phezulu eMoscow, ngokwengxenye eyakhelwe iziboshwa. Mayelana MSU isakhiwo kakade wakhuluma. Ndlu Tinkers kwaleli chibi futhi lakha i-"iziboshwa".

Mhlawumbe lo mcabango we uhulumeni kanye isakhiwo kwadingeka ukuba nenye inhloso. Kulesi senzakalo, futhi, iya legends ezahlukene. Nokho, emva ukwakhiwa indlu wanika nezihlakaniphi. Ngezinye izikhathi ezahlukene, kwakukhona Yevgeny Yevtushenko, Galina Ulanova, Andrei Voznesensky, Faina Ranevskaya, ULyudmila Zykina, Nona Mordjukova nezinye osaziwayo abaningi. Ngakho ukuthi indlu khona elite.

Esitezi behlaliswe eposini, ebhikawozi, cinema.

Ngezinye kakhulu ukuphakama Garden Ring

Ngenxa yokuthi i-skyscraper uStalin yayakhiwe iphuzu esiphezulu Yegetsemani Ring, kuba yize ubukhulu ezincane kuqhathaniswa nezinye izakhiwo, kubukeka olubabazeka kakhulu zibukeke wawungaphansi nezinye.

Isakhiwo sakhiwa umsebenzi wokuthuthukisa abaklami BS Mezentsev futhi AN Dushkin. Kwakuwusuku zokuphatha kanye yokuhlala isakhiwo imitha-138 ukuphakama. itende lakhe egcotshwa nge ngodobo hlobo.

Ukwakhiwa ephezulu liphumele endaweni Red Gate kwakugcwele obuthile. Kukhona futhi lakha i-ejulile metro station, futhi Iphiko lelinye isakhiwo wawakhiwe phezu esiteshini. Akulula ukuba abaklami. Kodwa benza konke njengoba kudingeka, usebenzisa umqondo elihlakaniphile: okokuqandisa yokugujwa futhi kwakhiwa isakhiwo engela (lapho defrosted emgodini, angabekwa isakhiwo).

isakhiwo sokuphatha kwamaSoviet, wathatha Ministry of Transport Engineering. "Transstroi" Manje kunamahhovisi ale Nhlangano. Ngo isakhiwo yokuhlala elalisemagcekeni kwisayithi ye-skyscraper uStalin, Mikhail Lermontov wazalwa.

Kakhulu "Petite" - Ihhotela "Leningrad"

izindaba ezithakazelisayo bonke bayakufanelekela namabhilidi uStalin eMoscow. Yezithombe futhi ungakwazi ukuhlobisa kubo iyiphi i-albhamu.

Ihhotela "Leningrad" ukuphakama (136 metres) ngemuva kwamanye ephezulu liphumele, kodwa ungcono kakhulu kunabo bonke abanye yokuqedela ingaphakathi. Sihlanganisa izakhi bokwakha lasendulo kanye izakhiwo zethempeli. yasetshenziswa Interior izinhlobo ezingavamile zamatshe, omkhulu zekristalu, impumuzo esibonisa Georgiya Pobedonostsa, usebenzile yensimbi iminyango, ebaziwe ... I abaklami yalesi sakhiwo - LM Kanye nabasePoland nase-AB Boretsky.

Ihhotela oseludingeka «HiltonMoscowLeningradskaya», ihlelwe izinkambo ekhethekile.

Ihhotela itholakala eduze Komsomolskaya Square, ebizwa nangokuthi "Three Zokusebenzela Square" (Kazan, Yaroslavl naseLeningrad).

Amakheli namabhilidi uStalin baseMoscow abazange babe ukwazi ngokuqinisekile. Nemihlahlandlela: Vorobyovy Gory, Kudrinskaya Square, Tinkers yashayisa unqenqema, Kutuzov Avenue, endaweni Red Gate, futhi Arbat Street Kalanchevskaya.

Ingabe amafu lwesishiyagalombili?

Ngosuku esenzeka 8 izakhiwo eMoscow lenziwe. Lesi sakhiwo zokuphatha, okuyinto kuhlelwe ukuba yakhiwe ophethe (wezakhiwo Dmitry Chechurin), akazange abe nesikhathi ukwakha. Ngo-1953 wayesekulungele stylobate kuphela.

Ngemva kokufa kukaStalin, esakhiweni ukuthi mothballed. Kamuva, e-60s, endaweni yayo lakhiwa ehhotela "Russia", ngaleso sikhathi acekela.

Ngakho indlela namabhilidi kukaStalin ngo eMoscow? Eziyisikhombisa. Futhi ngamunye wabo ufanelwe ukuqashelwa okukhethekile. Kuyinto indaba yenhloko-dolobha.