Sally Mann - I-American photographer: biography, ubuciko

Umthwebuli wezithombe odumile uSally Mann wazalwa ngo-1951 edolobheni laseLexington, eVirginia. Akazange ashiye izwe lakhe lomhlaba isikhathi eside futhi kusukela ngawo-1970 yena wasebenza kuphela eningizimu ye-USA, ekhiqiza uchungechunge lwezithombe ezingenakulibaleka ngohlobo lwe-portrait, landscape nokuphila. Izithombe eziningi ezithombeni ngobuhle nezithombe ezimhlophe nazo zihlanganisa izinto zokwakha. Mhlawumbe imisebenzi edumile kunazo zonke zaseMelika yizithombe eziphefumulelwe zezihlobo: indoda nendodana encane. Ngezinye izikhathi, izithombe ezingenangqondo zilethela umlobi ukugxekwa okunzima, kodwa into eyodwa iqinisekile: owesifazane onethalente wayenethonya elibaluleke kakhulu kwezobuciko besikhathi samanje. Kusukela embukisweni wokuqala we-Art Gallery eWashington, DC, ngo-1977, abathandi abaningi bezithombe baye baqaphela ukulandela ukuthuthukiswa kwendawo entsha.

Iya phambili

Ngama-1970, uSally wafunda izinhlobo ezihlukahlukeneko, ekhulayo begodu ngesikhathi esifanayo akghono ekuthuthukiseni ukuphila. Phakathi nalesi sikhathi, kwakhululwa iziqu eziningi nezibonelo ezimangalisayo zezithombe zokwakha. Ekusesheni okudala, uSally waqala ukuhlanganisa izici zokuphila okwamanje namanje emifanekiso yakhe emisebenzini yakhe. Kodwa umthwebuli wezithombe waseMelika wathola ukubizwa kwakhe kwangempela ngemuva kokushicilelwa kwencwadi yakhe yesibili - iqoqo lezithombe, okuyinto isifundo sonke sempilo nendlela yokucabanga yamantombazane. Le ncwadi ibizwa ngokuthi "Ngineminyaka eyi-12: ama-portraits abesifazane abasha" futhi yanyatheliswa ngo-1988. Ngo-1984-1994 iminyaka. USally wasebenza kulolu chungechunge oluthi "Izihlobo Eziseduze" (1992), zigxile emifanekisweni yezingane zakhe ezintathu. Abantwana ngaleso sikhathi babengakafiki iminyaka eyishumi. Nakuba ukuqala kuqala kubonakala sengathi uchungechunge luveza izikhathi ezivamile zokuphila (izingane zidlala, zilale, zidle) izilaleli, isithombe ngasinye sihilela izihloko ezinkulu, kufaka phakathi ukufa nokuhlukana kwamasiko ekuqondeni ubulili.

Eqoqweni elithi "inyama eyaziqhenya" (2009) uSally Mann uhumusha ilensi yekhamera kumyeni wakhe uLarry. Le ncwadi iveza izithombe ezithathwe esikhathini esingaphezu kweminyaka eyisithupha. Lezi zithombe ezingenangqondo neziqotho eziguqula imibono yendabuko yendima yezocansi bese ibamba le ndoda ngezikhathi zobungozi bomuntu siqu.

Ama-snapshots amabigu

UMann naye unomlando ocindezelayo wezimbali: "Kude eNingizimu" (2005) nase "Homeland". Eqoqweni elithi "Lokho okushiwo" (2003), uhlongoza ukuhlaziya ukucabangela kwakhe kokufa, okuhlanganisa izingxenye ezinhlanu. Lapha, kukhona izithombe zesidumbu esilahlayo seGreyhound yakhe ethandekayo, kanye nezithombe ezikukhoneni engadini yakhe eVirginia, lapho isigebengu esisindile ehlomile singena khona emndenini wakwaMann futhi sazibulala.

U-Sally wayevame ukuhlola izithombe zombala, kodwa inqubo eyintandokazi yenkosi ekugcineni ishiya isithombe esimnyama nesigcwele, ikakhulukazi ngokusetshenziswa kwemishini yakudala. Kancane kancane, wayazi izindlela zasendulo zokunyathelisa: i-platinum ne-bromo-oyela. Maphakathi nawo-1990, uSally Mann nabanye abathwebuli bezithombe, benesisindo sokuhlola okudala, bathandana nendlela okuthiwa i-wet collodion indlela, uphawu lapho izithombe zazibonakala zithola imidwebo yokudweba nokudweba.

Izimpumelelo

Ngonyaka ka-2001, uSally wayesevele ewuthole umklomelo wesikhathi esithathu kusukela ku-National Endowment ye-Support of Arts, wayelokhu ephakathi kweGuggenheim Foundation futhi wanikezwa isihloko esithi "i-America's Best Photographer" ngokusho komagazini we-Time. Amabhayisikobho amabili edokhumenti adutshulwa ngaye futhi umsebenzi wakhe: "Izibopho zegazi" (1994) nokuthi "Okushiwo" (2007). Kokubili ukudweba kwaba yizikhwama zemiklomelo ehlukahlukene ye-cinematographic, kanti iphrojekthi ethi "Okushiyayo" yanyulwe umklomelo we-Emmy we-Best Documentary ngo-2008. Incwadi entsha kaMann ibizwa ngokuthi "Ngaphandle Kwemoto: Izimemo Ezithombeni" (2015). Abahlaziyi bahlangene nomsebenzi ohlonishwayo, futhi i-New York Times yamfaka ngokusemthethweni ohlwini oluhle kakhulu.

Umsebenzi okhulunywayo ngawo

Kukholelwa ukuthi abathwebuli bezithombe ezinhle kakhulu emhlabeni abakaze bahlotshaniswe nomunye umsebenzi noma iqoqo elilodwa; Konke ukuklama kwabo kuhlanganiswe kumandla okuphelela, ngokulandela indlela engakahlelelwe ukuba idluliselwe. Noma kunjalo, emsebenzini omningi we-Mann okwamanje, kulula ukukhipha iqoqo lesithonjana - i-monograph, ephikisana kakhulu namuhla. Lena uchungechunge lwe "Vala izihlobo", lanyathelise izingane zabalobi ngendlela evamile, ezibonakalayo nezimo.

Izithombe zihlelwe unomphela esithombeni. Nansi enye yezingane ezichazwe ephusheni, othile ubonisa ukuluma umiyane, othile udlala emva dinner. Emfanekisweni umuntu angabona ukuthi ingane ngayinye ifuna ukuwela ngokushesha umzila phakathi kokungane nokukhula, njengoba umuntu ebonisa ubuhlukumeze obungenacala obuncane. Kulezi zithombe, kukhona futhi ukwesaba kwabantu abadala abahlotshaniswa nokukhuliswa kwesizukulwane esincane, futhi ukuthanda konke okufisa nokufisa ukuvikela lokho kuyisici somzali. Nasi isigamu-ne-naked androgyne - akucaci ukuthi ngabe le ntombazane noma umfana - umi phakathi kwenkundla igcwele amaqabunga. Emzimbeni wakhe, lapha nalapha, kukhona izindawo zokungcola. Lapha, izigqoko eziguquguqukayo, eziphaphathekile ezinezinyathelo zokuziqhenya eziqhoshayo phakathi kwabantu abadala abanobunzima nabanzi abanzi. Izithombe zibonakala zisikhumbuza esikhathini esidlule esivele esivele siphelile futhi singafinyeleleki.

Ubani uSally?

Yiqiniso, kunzima ukwahlulela mayelana nokudala ngaphandle kokuthinta umlando womuntu siqu ka-Sally Mann. Izingane kanye nokukhathazeka kwekhaya akuyona into esemqoka empilweni yakhe; Okokuqala udala imisebenzi yobuciko bese ejabulela izinto ezijwayelekile njengowesifazane ojwayelekile.

Ngesikhathi esemusha, uSally nomyeni wakhe babebizwa ngokuthi ama-hippies angcolile. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, baye bagcina imikhuba ethile: ukuze bakhule cishe konke ukudla ngezandla zabo futhi bangabheki ukubaluleka okukhethekile emalini. Ngempela, kuze kube yi-1980, umndeni wakwaMann awuzange uzuze okuningi: imali encane yayingenakwanele ukukhokha intela. Ukudlulisela isandla kuzo zonke izithiyo nezinkinga ezabaholela ekuphileni, uLarry noSally Mann baba umbhangqwana oqinile kakhulu. Zombili izqoqo zakhe zomsindo ("Vala izihlobo" futhi "Eminyakeni eyishumi nambili ubudala") umthwebuli wezithombe wanikezela umyeni wakhe. Ngesikhathi edubula ngentshiseko enkulu, wayesebenzela abantu abamnyama futhi wakhethwa kabili emkhandlwini womuzi. Ngokushesha ngaphambi kokushicilelwa kwe-monograph edume kakhulu kaSally, okhethiwe wakhe wathola imfundo esemthethweni. Manje usebenza ehhovisi esiseduze kakhulu futhi cishe nsuku zonke uya ekhaya ukudla kwasemini.

Umsebenzi ongavamile

Abathwebuli bezithombe ezinhle kakhulu abayeki ukuthuthukisa. Lokhu kungashiwo ngoMann, kodwa amandla akhe okuthuthukiswa anomkhawulo wokuzikhethela: ubeka izithombe kuphela ehlobo, azinike zonke ezinye izinyanga ngonyaka wokushicilela izithombe. Kumbuzo wezintatheli mayelana nokuthi kungani ungeke usebenze nganoma yisiphi esinye isikhathi sonyaka, u-Sally nje u-shrugs futhi uthi noma nini angadubula izingane zakhe ngokwenza umsebenzi wesikole noma imisebenzi ejwayelekile yasendlini - akasithathi nje.

Izimpande

Ngokusho kukaSally Mann ngokwakhe, wathola umbono ongavamile wezwe kusuka kubaba wakhe. URobert Manger wayengumjozi wezinkinga zokubeletha owabamba iqhaza ohlelweni lokuzalwa kwamakhulu ezingane zeLexington. Ngesikhathi sakhe sokuphumula, wayesebenza engadini futhi eqoqa iqoqo eliyingqayizivele lezitshalo ezivela kuzo zonke izingxenye zomhlaba. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uRobert wayengakholelwa kuNkulunkulu nokuthi ungumculi we-amateur. I-flair engenakulinganiswa yento yonke ephikisiwe, izuze indodakazi yakhe. Ngakho-ke, isikhathi eside udokotela odumile wagcina etafuleni lesidlo isibalo esithile se-serpentine sombala omhlophe - kuze kube yilapho elinye lamalungu omndeni liqaphela ukuthi "ukudweba okungavamile" empeleni kuyinhlanzi yenja eyomile.

Indlela eya kumlando

USally wafunda ukudweba izithombe esikoleni saseVermont. Ezingxoxweni eziningi, lo wesifazane uthi okuwukuphela kwesisusa sokutadisha kwakuyithuba lokuhlala yedwa ekamelweni lokuthuthukiswa emnyama kanye nesoka lakhe. Iminyaka emibili uSally ufunde eBennington - yilapho ehlangana khona noLarry, yena ngokwakhe owenza lo mnikelo. Ngemva kokutadisha unyaka emazweni aseYurophu, umculi wezithombe ozayo owaziwayo wathola idiploma ngokungafani ngo-1974, futhi ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingu-300 - wanezela uhlu olukhulayo lwemipumelelo nge-graduation of the magistracy - hhayi ngezithombe, noma kunjalo nangezincwadi. Kuze kube seminyaka engamashumi amathathu, uMann ofana naye wabe esithombeni, futhi wabhala.

Namuhla, owesifazane oncomekayo nomuntu othanda ukuthwebula izithombe uhlala futhi usebenza edolobheni lakubo laseLexington, eVirginia, eU.SA. Kusukela ngosuku lokushicilela kuze kube manje, imisebenzi yakhe emangalisayo isebenza njengomthombo obaluleke kakhulu wokuphefumlelwa kubantu bazo zonke izisebenzi zokudala.