Phrojekthi ezintsha: isibonelo, ukuthuthukiswa, kanye nokuhlola ubungozi. amaphrojekthi Innovative in esikoleni noma kwezamabhizinisi

project innovative, kwakha isimiso esiyinkimbinkimbi yezenzo enqophe imigomo ethile ekuthuthukiseni isayensi nobuchwepheshe. Ziyakwazi abadlali oxhumene izenzakalo, isikhathi somkhawulo kanye nemithombo. Uhlelo ezintsha ngokuthi eyinkimbinkimbi oxhumene amaphrojekthi ezintsha kanye namaphrojekthi oluhlose ukuxhasa imisebenzi nale isiqondiso. Okwamanje, kuyanda amaphrojekthi amasha zasenkulisa, izibonelo zalo ezingenakususwa liphefumulelwe ukudalwa izinhlelo ezintsha zokufundisa.

Izinga ukubaluleka zesayensi kanye lobuchwepheshe

amaphrojekthi ezintsha, kanye nezixazululo lobuchwepheshe kanye nemibono bayaqaphela, kungase kudingeke amazinga ezilandelayo ukubaluleka zesayensi kanye lobuchwepheshe:

• sesimanje (Base Technology akusho nezinguquko ezinqala);
• ezintsha (isakhiwo esisha umkhiqizo kuyahluka kakhulu kusukela wangaphambili);
• eqhubekela phambili (umklamo wadala ehola izixazululo lobuchwepheshe);
• ezingeni ukuphayona (kukhona ubuchwepheshe obusha futhi izinto ebingekho ekuqaleni).

Izinga ukubaluleka iphrojekthi emisha inquma eyinkimbinkimbi, isikali, ikakhulukazi ukuze athuthukise inqubo nemiphumela ukhonkolo. Lokhu kuzothinta okuqukethwe project management.

Ukwahlukanisa amaphrojekthi ezintsha

It kungenziwa labizwa ngokuthi imiklamo ezintsha kanje:

1. ubunjalo imigomo:

• ukuqeda;
• Lesisemkhatsini.

2. inkathi ukugcwaliseka:

• lemfisha;
• esimaphakathi;
• yesikhathi eside.

3. izidingo elihlangabezana iphrojekthi. Abakwazi ukugxila ukudalwa entsha, noma eyanelisa izidingo.

4. Ngokusho uhlobo emisha (noma ukudala umkhiqizo ngcono entsha, kabusha isakhiwo ukuphathwa, njll).

5. Ngokweyesi-degree of izinqumo ungaba uhlamvu enjalo:

• yenkampani;
• zesifunda;
• umkhakha;
• Federal International.

6. Ngokusho esikalini imisebenzi:

• monoproekty - amaphrojekthi ukuthi yenziwa yinkampani esisodwa Uhlaka ezinzima zezimali kanye nesikhathi, kanye nenjongo eyingqayizivele emisha;
• multiproject - izinhlelo eziyinkimbinkimbi enqophe imigomo eziyinselele;
• mega-amaphrojekthi - multi-purpose izinhlelo sihlanganise eziningi multiproetov ukuthi zihilela okukodwa injongo slozhnodostizhimoy.

Njalo project egcina izigaba ezithile sokuthuthuka kusukela ekuqaleni kuze kube sekupheleni. isethi wabo yakha ukuphila yayo umjikelezo. It kungenziwa ihlukaniswe izigaba, abo - ngesinyathelo, ngemva kwalokho - ngezigaba. Bona iyashiyana ngesikhathi inhlangano uhlelo lomsebenzi kanye nemisebenzi.

Ukuthuthukiswa kwe-project ezintsha

Lapho ukudala amaphrojekthi ezintsha kukhona ngaphansi ukuthuthukiswa, ukuqalisa ukusebenza kanye ekupheleni. Kuwufanele sokunaka izinyathelo eziyisisekelo:

• kumiswa imibono;
• namathuba wocwaningo;
• nokulungisa amaphepha ngoba isiphelo sesimiso inkontileka;
• nokulungisa amaphepha sokubhalisa iphrojekthi;
• ukusebenza kwi ukuqaliswa kohlelo;
• ekuqapheleni izinkomba kwezomnotho.

Phakathi Isigaba sinake impumelelo kanye nempumelelo iphrojekthi. Kulokhu, imininingwane yokuphila kwakhe kulesi sikhathi ayibalulekile kakhulu. Kubo emisha ebalulekile ikakhulukazi kwezolimo, ukukwazi ukuncintisana, ukuvikelwa nokutholakala patent ilayisensi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, imiklamo ezintsha ezidinga ukutshalwa kwezimali izimali ezibekelwe lokwenza ngcono ibhizinisi.

Ekwenziweni kwamaphrojekthi ezintsha

Izinhlangano eziningi zisebenzisa imithombo ngaphakathi nangaphandle uxhaso ngesikhathi esifanayo. imithombo kwangaphakathi kwezimali zabo, okuyinto akhiwa ikakhulu kusukela ukudayiswa kwempahla noma umshwalense Sumy, ukwehla kanye amortization. Kwangaphandle imithombo uxhaso zibandakanya wazibuza yona futhi waboleka imali, kanye nokuxhaswa ngezimali ezivela isabelomali zesifunda noma sikahulumeni.

izingozi

amaphrojekthi Innovative kukhona izinhlelo nge ingozi kakhulu utshalomali. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, Abadali zabo kufanele elivunyelwa ukuhlola amakhono abo. Ezikhanga kakhulu Lwezinhlelo utshalomali kuthiwa okuhloswe ngayo ukugqugquzela siphelile umkhiqizo emisha. Projects ezihlobene ukukhuthazwa ubuchwepheshe obusha ukuthi ukunikeza ingozi enkulu nakakhulu, ngoba kunzima yabo okuningi ukwakha umqondo marketing.

Izinkinga uxhaso kuphakama kwenzeka ukuthi phrojekthi sidle ucwaningo ngokuhlola esiteji. Lapho ukuziphatha kwabo has awokuthi ukuthola yalokho ezimbi.

ingozi ngezigaba

Izingozi yeprojekthi okuqanjwa kabusha engaqinisekile, okuyinto incike izinqumo ezithathwe kanye nokuqaliswa yabo Kwenziwa emva kwesikhashana. Ingxenye izinqumo yebhizinisi ukuhlola izingozi. Ukuze ngezigaba zabo, kungcono ukusebenzisa isimiso block, esinikela ukwabiwa izigaba ingozi, amaqembu, kanye nezinye izinhlobo izingozi amaphrojekthi ezintsha kungenziwa labizwa ngokuthi ulandela .:

• izici Ukubikezelwa: kusengaphambili futhi esingalindelekile.
• Ngu khona indalo ngamabomu.
• Ngokusho isikhathi ukuthola.
• Ngesikhathi esikhundleni ukutholakala.
• Ngo indlela yokutholakala.
• Ngenxa yezizathu ukubukeka.
• Ngokusho ukubukeka izigilamkhuba.
• Ukuze isikhathi senzo.
• On amathuba umshwalense.
• Ngokusho izindlela ukulungiswa.
• Izigaba inqubo.
• Ngokusho izimo zokukhiqiza.
• Ngamanani isilungisiwe.

Ukuze ukuhlola ingozi iphrojekthi ezintsha ukuze kunqunywe degree of ucwaningo lwesayensi, ukuhambisana Uhlelo isu emakethe yenkampani kanye nokumaketha. Ukwahlukanisa, kokuhlaziywa nokutadisha izingozi edingekayo ukuphatha kwabo.

Ukuhlola ukusebenza yeprojekthi ezintsha

Ukuphumelela lolu hlobo iphrojekthi ngokuya ababambiqhaza bayo kungacacisa nemingcele ezifanele ngokubamba iqhaza kwabo ngokuzimisela. Kufanele ubuyekeze ukuhlolwa yayo phezu yingxenye inyuvesi ezintsha, okuyinto lababukene nekwetfulwa yephrojekthi, kanye edonsa abahlanganyeli angaphandle kanye izimali ezengeziwe. Ukuhlola ukusebenza yeprojekthi ezintsha esekelwe yile migomo elandelayo:

• ukusebenzisa amanani amasevisi, izinsiza, izimpahla, okuyinto zinikezwa iphrojekthi noma asethwe emakethe;
• nokuphuma kwemali kumele ibalwe currency efanayo, okuyinto olunikezwa uhlelo ukukhokhela imikhiqizo nezisetshenziswa ukuthenga, ngemva kwalokho ngeke kube lamanje zihunyushelwe ruble Russian;
• izibalo kufanele inake imali ngezimali kanye nokutshala izimali nemisebenzi, kanye ukusebenzisa uhlelo yokusekela iphrojekthi;
• kufanele inake iminikelo izimali eyengeziwe kanye umholo kuzo.

Ngo inqubo kubalwa nekusebenta ukuzibandakanya yenkampani, kufanele acabangele imali, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ungumnikazi noma waboleka. Izinkokhelo emalini ebolekwe izobizwa yiziphethu, futhi ukuboleka - nemingenela.

Isibonelo iphrojekthi ezintsha esekelwe ukusebenza lobungozi

Kufanele sicabangele ukuthuthukiswa iphrojekthi ezintsha esekelwe ukuhlolwa ekulenzeni libe namandla. Njengoba isibonelo sikwazi ukuthatha isibonelo yephrojekthi ye "EkoZdrav". Le nkampani ekhipha imisebenzi yayo emzini Krasnoyarsk. Le phrojekthi ihlose ngesikhathi nokukhangiswa non-reagent futhi bezkartridzhnyh ukufaka, okuyinto zenzelwe ekwelapheni amanzi okuphuza nokusaphaza. Okwamanje abanakho analogue.

yemakethe olwandulelayo wabonisa ukuthi laba ziintjalo mkhulu ngokwanele. Ngokwesilinganiso, ke kufana 25 000 izingcezu, okuyinto okweshumi kukho konke abathengi ezingaba khona. Kubhekwe le mininingwane, inkampani uhlela ukwethula ukufakwa ayizinkulungwane 10. Amayunithi ngonyaka, kuyoba ngempela kunengqondo.

Ukuze ukuhlola ukusebenza ezidingekayo ukuze uthole inani lamanje (NPV) usebenzisa nezinga lokukhula of amanani kanye isamba kwesamba izindleko isilinganiso dolobha (WACC). Ifomula ezilandelayo:

WACC = (E / K) * y + (D / K) * b * (1-t),

lapho E - nokulingana dolobha, D - izikweletu inani capital, K kuyinto isamba etshaliwe, y - ukubuya kungenzeka ku nokulingana, b - nenzuzo elilinganisiwe inhlokodolobha extra, t - sentela ku inzuzo.

sibalo kuyoba inkampani:

WACC = (188/2000) * 0,72 + (1812/2000) * 0,28 * (1-0.2) = 0,270624

Uma uthatha emali 7%, eyasungulwa ngesikhathi yentuthuko yomklamo, ungathola isici isaphulelo 0,340624.

Ngaphansi kohlelo, ivolumu inzuzo bekungaba ruble 448060. onyakeni wokuqala, 3229925 ruble. - ku yesibili, futhi ruble 3919425. - wesithathu. Kufanele izobalwa ikhumbula izinkomba, esekelwe okuyinto bazohlolwa ukusebenza yephrojekthi emisha.

Inani lamanje ibalwa eminyakeni emithathu ezayo (NPV):

NPV1 = 448060 / 1.340624- 2000000 = - 1665782,5

NPV2 = 448060 / 1,340624 + 3229925 / (1,340624) ^ 2 - = 2000000 131343,21

utshalomali inzuzo Inkomba (PI):

PI = (448060 / 1,340624 + 3229925 / 〖(1.340624)〗 ^ 2) / 2000000 = 2131343,21 / 2000000 = 1,0656

Inani langaphakathi lembuyiselo (IRR):

IRR = r_1 + NPV (r_1) / (NPV (r_1) - I-NPV (r_2)) (r_2-r_1)

Izindleko zemali yokuqhuba ibhizinisi esithathwayo R1 20%.

Khona-ke IRR = 0,3 + 255859,8 / (255859,8- 131343,21) (0.340624-0.3) = 0,383475

It lingahunyushwa baphetha ukuthi izinga ibalwa ukubuya idlula izindleko zemali yokuqhuba ibhizinisi. Ngakho, ukusebenza kwalesi phrojekthi ezintsha Kuyinto nokwenzeka.

amaphrojekthi Innovative ebhizinisini

Kuze kube manje, amaphrojekthi ezintsha kwezamabhizinisi ngempumelelo anqobe eziphethe imakethe yomhlaba wonke. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi umthengi yesimanje akulula kanjalo ukujabulisa. Uma inkampani phinde nezimbangi zayo ke ekugcineni engasadumile yayo. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, yiliphi ibhizinisi idinga ezintsha. Okuhle kunakho konke ukuthi, uma kungcono amaphrojekthi ezintsha ngempela, kunokuba uthuthukise ubuchwepheshe ubudala, imikhiqizo noma amasevisi.

Umphakathi izwe ngenkuthalo ukulungiswa ukuthuthukiswa sphere zesayensi kanye lobuchwepheshe. Kule umbono, ibhizinisi idinga ukunakwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, emisha kufanele obonwa umphakathi. Uma ngeke emukelwe bezazisa phrojekthi ezintsha, isibonelo eye wabonisa amakhasimende, ngeke abalethanga izinzuzo.

Ukusetshenziswa ezintsha kwezamabhizinisi

Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi emisha lebhizinisi zidinga bokusungula, izindleko zezimali kanye nomshikashika eside. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isidingo ukutshala hhayi kuphela e-design, kodwa futhi kule nkampani. Ukuqamba kwezamabhizinisi kungaba lobuchwepheshe, zokuphatha, zokuphatha, kwezomnotho kanye yenhlangano.

Phakathi kwemisebenzi emikhulu ezintsha yalolu hlobo kungenziwa ngokuthi computerization. Asiza ukudala okugeza isizinda, ukuze afeze ekukhishweni izinkokhelo nge-Internet, ukusetshenziswa program e-computer emsebenzini bese uthumela ama-imeyili. Ngaphezu kwalokho, usomabhizinisi bazokwazi ukwakha website commercial noma esitolo online.

Ngakho, lolu hlobo iphrojekthi ebhizinisini uvumele ukuthuthukisa inqubo ukuthuthukiswa, amasevisi, yokuthengisa, kanjalonjalo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, inqubo lula kakhulu futhi isikhathi esincane oqothulayo. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ibhizinisi kuyodingeka inzuzo enkulu.

amaphrojekthi Innovative in esikoleni

Abazali ngokuvamile kuphakamisa umbuzo wokuthi lapho ukuthumela ingane yabo esikoleni esivamile, esikoleni esiphakeme futhi esikoleni esiphakeme. Iningi lawo icaciswa ngokushesha, kodwa umqondo wegama elithi "emisha esikoleni" ukuze azivamile ajwayelekile. Naphezu kwakho konke lokhu, wonke izikhungo yesimanje zemfundo kungenziwa ngokuthi ezinjalo. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi iningi Lekharikhulamu ehambisana emisha.

Akubalulekile ukuthi umntwana esikoleni ezintsha, phela kule isikhungo yendabuko ukusebenza uhlelo project ezinobuhlakani zezemfundo. Noma kunjalo, sizogxila kumiswa ikhono zezingane ukuzithiba ukufunda.

Ukusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe ezintsha ekilasini ikuvumela ukuba ngamunye ukhetha uhlelo yokutadisha ngengane ngayinye, okuyinto has nomthelela omuhle amakhono ayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izingane ziyoba intshiseko esengeziwe yokufunda, ngakho-ke kungaba nesithakazelo. Kuyini i project ezintsha esikoleni? Isibonelo - ukusebenzisa ukwakheka izinhlelo ezihlukahlukene. Ngosizo lwabo, ungaba nomthelela omuhle yokudla kanye nokwenziwa kolwazi.

phrojekthi ezintsha: isibonelo

Ukuze uzwisise ngokuphelele lokho kuyinto project ezintsha, kufanele ucabangele isibonelo esikhethekile. Inkampani Electrolux Design Lab labetibambile ngo-2013 umfundi mncintiswano e-China. Yena iziqu Institute of izithombe Qing Ji ethulwa lowo msebenzi wakhe wokwakha, yayihloselwe ekuthuthukiseni ubuthongo womuntu. Inkulumo yakhe yayinesihloko isiguqo yeselula ngesimo mass oluhlaza. It uyakwazi ukunikeza ngokuqondisa ingxenye esele engcono, kodwa futhi ukuvikelwa namagciwane ayingozi. Kulokhu, iphrojekthi ezintsha, isibonelo olubonakaliswa, kokusungulwa ihlinzeka ubuchwepheshe obusha ngokuphelele futhi eyinkimbinkimbi.

Ukwakheka kuhlanganisa isiguqo Aloe emangqamuzaneni okuthiwa okumunca isikhutha bese uyekela umoya-mpilo. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, abantu isikhashana, musa unezinkinga ukuphefumula. Aloe amaseli bayakwazi ukuqeda amagciwane ayingozi emhlabeni. Le phrojekthi ezintsha, isibonelo lapho kwachazwa waba impumelelo, kodwa uma ufuna ukwakha into entsha, kungenzeka ukulungiselela uhlelo akuyona njengoba eziyinkimbinkimbi. Kungaqukatha buyekeza yobuchwepheshe obukhona.