Pediatrics - Iyini? Umsebenzi - wezingane zezingane

Kukhethwa mkhakha - isinyathelo esibaluleke kakhulu. Kusukela incike uyokwakha kanjani kamuva ekuphileni. Kukhona impela eningi ukuzibonakalisa. Omunye wabo - lena wezingane. Lokhu umsebenzi kuyajabulisa futhi ezifunwayo emakethe yezabasebenzi, kodwa ngaphambi ulithola, kufanele ucabangele, ngabe uyakwazi, futhi wazibuza ukuthi kukhona izimfanelo ezithile siqu kuyadingeka umsebenzi olwengeziwe.

Pediatrics njengoba esigabeni yezokwelapha

Ngo-1847 yanyatheliswa ubuholi basekhaya "Pediyatrika". Umbhali wayo kwaba udokotela SF Hotovitsky. Lokhu onguchwepheshe ukuhola kwakhe likhombe endaweni phakathi nezokwelapha ezingane. Waveza imigomo yayo kanye nezimpokophelo ezifanayo. Ngakho, SF Hotovitsky waba umsunguli wezifo Russian. Ngakho, kwakushiwo ukuthini leli gama? Kuyini kwegatsha wathi wezokwelapha? Pediatrics - isayensi izifo wengane umzimba, imithi yabo kanye nokuvinjelwa. umsebenzi wayo lomkhulu khulumela kulondolozwe impilo yengane noma ukubuya ngesikhathi esimweni esejwayelekile lesi sifo.

Odokotela bezingane evamile ihlukaniswe amagatsha amaningana (izinkomba):

• Pediatrics Zokuzivikela. Ngaphansi gama lisho isimiso izinyathelo ukuze kuvinjelwe lesi nesenzakalo kwezifo ezihlukahlukene.
• Pediatrics Clinical. Lokhu isiqondiso kuhlanganisa izifo, ngelashwa abagulayo nezingane eyingqopha.
• Pediatrics zezemfundo. Lokhu kuthambekela, ngokuyisisekelo elisemandleni ekwakhiweni paradigms. Basuke okwengeziwe uholwe odokotela emsebenzini wabo esisebenzayo.
• Pediatrics Komphakathi. Izinjongo zalolu legatsha isayensi - ekutadisheni impilo yezingane, ukuthuthukiswa kohlelo social ukuvimbela nokunakekela i-labantu zezingane.
• Pediatrics Environmental. Lokhu legatsha isayensi ukutadisha imiphumela yezinto ezahlukene kwemvelo empilweni yezingane.

Umlando wezifo Russian

Pediatrics eRussia elavelela isiyalo ahlukene zokwelapha ngekhulu XIX. Ngalesi sikhathi waqala ukunyatheliswa ukuhumushwa yokuqala yencwadi nokushicilela abalobi wendawo (isibonelo, "ethi Guide to the ulwazi, ephulukisa izifo kwezinsana" N. Rosen von Rosenstein, "Izwi amathuluzi adingekayo ukuze baqinise usana ababuthakathaka for yokuzalanisa siqu abantu ezweni lethu" AI . Danilevsky).

Ngokuphathelene ukwelapha ezinganeni kuyafaneleka ukuthi kwaze kwaba sekhulwini XIX, wonke amalungiselelo ayedingeka ekhaya. Ababelethisi nodokotela wanikeza iseluleko jikelele. embhedeni abantwana kuqala, njengoba kufakazelwa umlando Pediatrics, sasungulwa umtholampilo zokwelapha Ivan Petrovich engagunci e 1806. Ngemva kokufunda iminyaka embalwa kulezi zindawo iqedwe. kwesibhedlela sezingane sokuqala lavulwa kuphela ngo-1834 eSt.

Okwamanje, amaningi izikhungo ezisebenza eRussia, ukunakekela impilo seziguli ezisencane futhi onina:

• izingane (kamasipala, letifundza, letindzawo, kazwelonke, wesifunda) kanye ezikhethekile (sofuba, izifo, zengqondo) esibhedlela;
• imitholampilo (ezisemadolobheni, amazinyo) futhi ezikhungweni eziningi (zokuxilonga, ukuvuselelwa);
• ukusungulwa ingane inhlalakahle kanye womama (lezintandane, isikhungo perinatal, avalele ukudla, okuthunyelwe).

Neziphawulekayo Research Institute Clinical of Pediatrics yaqanjwa Academician Yuriya Evgenevicha Veltischeva. Kuyinto omdala ucwaningo isikhungo eRussia ezingane. It elibamba ezihlukahlukene imisebenzi ezinganeni. Konke ukwelashwa kwezingane nge yokudluliselwa kumahhala. It ngezimali isabelomali sikahulumeni. Kubalulekile ukuphawula ukuthi i-Institute of Pediatrics has usizo hhayi kuphela yezokwelapha kodwa futhi iseluleko.

Izinhloso kanye nezihloko eyinhloko-Pediatrics

Munye walemisebenti yaleli gatsha wezokwelapha - ukuhlola kanye nokwelashwa kwezifo ezihlukahlukene. Odokotela ukubona izifo ezihlupha izingane izimpawu, imiphumela Luhlolokulinganisa lwetivivinyo neluhlolo. Ngemva uphethwe Ochwepheshe linqume ukwelashwa okufanele. Kulokhu, odokotela njalo sifune ubuncane pharmacotherapy, njengoba umphumela wokuphindelela ethola semali izidakamizwa ezimweni eziningi akuqinisekile.

Iphuzu of Pediatrics unesinye umsebenzi - kuba nokuvuselelwa kwezingane. Ngemva izifo umzimba abasha izidingo ekubuyiseleni. Mayelana nalezi izingane ngemva kungase kudingeke yokutakula:

• ukuphathwa mnene kosuku (yokukhululeka ezemidlalo, mthwalo owengeziwe);
• ukwelashwa ukushukuma (imithi herbal, ukusetshenziswa Vitamin amalungiselelo);
• yokukhululeka imigomo;
• a ukuhlala esibhedlela.

Izinjongo uyalandisa Pediatrics kanye nokuvinjelwa kwezifo. Kungenzeka lokuqala, lesibili futhi ephakeme. Ngaphansi zokuvimbela eyinhloko libhekisela nokuvinjelwa kwezifo imigomo ngenxa izinyathelo aseptic. zokuvimbela yesibili esekelwe ukuthola izimpawu zesifo. Siyabonga ekuhlonzweni kungavimbela izimpawu zokugula okungathí sina. zokuvimbela Tertiary - a eziyinkimbinkimbi wezinyathelo kuvinjelwe lesi ukuqhubeka kwesifo, okuyinto bungaholela ekukhubazekeni.

Kususelwa izinkinga ngenhla, kungenzeka ukuhlonza izihloko ezisemqoka ukuthi izifundo ezingane kwezokwelapha:

• ekuthuthukiseni ngokomzimba impilo yezingane;
• izimbangela zezifo kanye nokulimala, izimpawu zabo;
• ukwelashwa kanye nokuvimbela izifo;
• usizo lokuqala for ukulimala ehlukahlukene izingozi, kanye nabanye.

"Udokotela Wezingane" umsebenzi

Doctor - umuntu wahlanganyela sitholakele, ukwelashwa kanye nokuvimbela izifo ezihlukahlukene futhi ukulimala kubantu. Lokhu umsebenzi ingenye endala futhi abahlonishwa kakhulu emphakathini. Kuhlanganisa ezihlukahlukene amakhono. Omunye wabo - lena wezingane.

Isibopho eyinhloko onguchwepheshe okuthiwa - ukwelapha iziguli abasha. Udokotela wezingane asisebenzi isifanekiso. Uyena indlela ekhethekile ingane ngayinye ngokusebenzisa izingxoxo uthola isikhalazo ukuba usebenzisa zokupopola ezifanele, ukuhlaziya imiphumela eyatholakala, eba esiphezulu ngabanye ukwelashwa lwemithi. Imithwalo Yemfanelo wezingane akugcini ukusebenza nezingane ogulayo. Uchwepheshe iye recordkeeping.

Umsebenzi "ingane wezingane" ezifunwayo emakethe yezabasebenzi. Ochwepheshe Novice kunalokho ngokushesha ukuthola isicelo. Ulwa zincike endaweni yomsebenzi kanye nobuchwepheshe. Kuyinto ongaphakeme phakathi ochwepheshe abasebasha abasebenza ezikhungweni zezempilo zomphakathi. inkokhelo Decent nakho odokotela ezibhedlela kwezohwebo.

Ubani ongaba wezingane?

Zibandakanye ekwelapheni izingane kungaba labo ngezinga elithile wezokwelapha. It ingatholakala ku University ekhethekile (nezikhungo). Ezemfundo kunzima ngempela, ngoba imithi yesimanje - kuyinto endaweni yolwazi eyinkimbinkimbi. Isifundo esikoleni sobudokotela ihlala iminyaka engu-6 e esigcwele. Ukuxhumana akunakwenzeka ukuthola imfundo.

Abantu abakhuluphele umsebenzi "wezingane" ezithakazelisayo futhi abafuna ukuhlanganisa uxhumano nomsebenzisi ngokuphila kwabo kwesikhathi esizayo ngomuthi akumelwe kuphela diploma ye imfundo ephakeme wezokwelapha, kodwa izimfanelo futhi siqu efana:

• esiza abantulayo;
• wozwela;
• umshado;
• umthwalo;
• kuchumana.

Ukuthola umsebenzi wezingane

ERussia usebenza izikole zezokwelapha abaningana. Omunye izikhungo imfundo engcono kakhulu iyona SPbGPMU. Sokuqonda lokhu ukunciphisa - Saint Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University. Lokhu sikhungo belilokhu lisebenza kusukela ngo-1925. Abantu abafuna ukuba babe esikhathini esizayo isazi sezifo zezingane ungenza lapha e-Faculty of "Pediatrics." Izibuyekezo ze-kuhle. Abafundi baye bazwakalisa imicabango yabantu omuhle mayelana izinga lemfundo, othisha. Ngo SPbGPMU kukhona neminye iminyango:

• imfundo postgraduate kanye ezengeziwe ngokuyikho;
• kwengqondo emitholampilo;
• kwamazinyo;
• "Imithi".

Ukunakwa kubafundi abafunda dream ukuthola ochwepheshe bezokwelapha, futhi njengabawufanelekele Okokuqala eMoscow State Medical University yaqanjwa Ivana Mihaylovicha Sechenova. Kuyinto isikhungo ngobukhulu futhi endala zemfundo yezwe emkhakheni wezokwelapha, eyasungulwa ngo-1755. isakhiwo sayo siqukethe 10 amandla. Omunye wabo - Pediatrics. Kuleli ubuhlakani 8 neminyango:

• Pediatrics Pediatric Rheumatology;
• Immunology Clinical Allergology;
• ukuhlinzwa ezingane;
• inhlanzeko yezingane kanye intsha;
• Pediatrics futhi izifo ezingane ezithathelwanayo ;
• Diabetology futhi Endocrinology;
• neonatology;
• propaedeutics izifo zezingane.

Esinye isibonelo - Altai State Medical University. Le nyuvesi yasungulwa ngo-1954. Ngo oyiyo zikhona iminyango elandelayo: yezokwelapha, okuxilonga amazinyo, zemithi, wezokwelapha kanye ukukhalima, Advanced Medical, Ephakeme labonesi Ezemfundo. Udokotela wezingane - ubuthishela, lapho lungatholwa lapha. ubuhlakani Pediatric khona kusukela ngo-1966. Ukuze sonke isikhathi emsebenzini wakhe inombolo enkulu ongoti abaqeqeshiwe ukhululiwe.

Ukwamukelwa ubuhlakani ezingane

Ukuze Bantu babhalisele lolu esikoleni sobudokotela eMnyangweni Pediatrics, abafundi kudlule ukuhlolwa kwamakhemikhali, biology isiRashiya. Izikolo etholwe eqoshiwe isikhungo. In the ukungabikho imiphumela ukuhlolwa encintisana ukuthatha yokungena ukuhlolwa ezindongeni eyunivesithi. Isimo sabo sihlukile: ngomlomo noma ngokubhala (ngesimo ukuhlolwa, izimpendulo zemibuzo, njll ...). Ulwazi oluphathelene luhlolo, kubalulekile ukuba ucacise kusengaphambili ekomidini Ukukhetha eyunivesithi abakhethiwe.

Ukwamukelwa eziphumelelayo esivivinyweni yokungena kwamakhemikhali, isayensi yezinto eziphilayo, futhi isiRashiya, ukuze balukhulume kahle lwezifundo muhle ngokwanele. ungakwazi ubhalisele izifundo zokuqeqesha uma uthanda. Anikeza zonke wezokwelapha inyuvesi, Academy, isikhungo. Izifundo singakhumbula material ngaphambilini wafunda, ukubuza imibuzo.

Udokotela wezingane - ubuthishela ukuthi esikoleni esiphakeme, ungathola kokubili ezikhokhelwayo khulula. Ukuze ufike endaweni isabelomali, kumele zidlule Ukukhetha ukuncintisana. Kukhona into okuthiwa "pass uphawu". Lena yinombolo okungenani amaphuzu, okuyinto kwanele adlule isabelomali. Ikomidi Ukukhetha uye ubiza njalo ukuza izibalo ngonyaka odlule, kusukela langempela pass rate sesaziwe kuphela emva ukuhlolwa yokuvuma kanye kumiswa abafundi ukukala.

Ukutadisha at ubuhlakani ezingane

Ukulungiselela wezazi siqala ngokutadisha izinto eliyisisekelo yesayensi, wezokwelapha kanye zokuvimbela yezokwelapha nezinto eziphilayo. Abafundi baziswa isakhiwo zomzimba womuntu, yokwakheka nezinqubo bokuphila okwenzeka kuwo. ukuqeqeshwa Khona iqala ngo ezikhethekile neminyango ezingane. nodokotela bezingane Ikusasa eklasini ukutadisha uphethwe, ukwelashwa kanye nokuvimbela izifo ebuntwaneni, imibuzo langempela nezimpendulo Pediatrics.

Isifundo esikoleni sobudokotela uhlanganisa ukuthola ulwazi theory kodwa esisebenzayo hhayi kuphela. Umkhuba lokuqala abafundi ukuqeqeshwa ngokuthi. Luhilela benakekela izingane ogulayo kanye nabantu abadala. Le mikhuba abizwa ngokuthi ukukhiqizwa. Njengoba bedlula, abafundi imisebenzi bezempilo:

• umsizi abahlengikazi (at unyaka 1);
• umsizi lesigceme umhlengikazi (ngonyaka 2nd);
• Umsizi umhlengikazi yemlomo (3 Yiqiniso);
• udokotela umsizi esibhedlela (4 Yiqiniso);
• umtholampilo Umsizi udokotela wezingane (5 Yiqiniso).

Umsebenzi walabo wezingane

Abantu abaqeqeshiwe esesikoleni sokufundela ubudokotela, kufanele wazi ukubaluleka Pediatrics, kanye lapho imisebenzi kuyoba ukubhekana nazo esikhathini esizayo. Udokotela wezingane uhlola hhayi kuphela ingane, lokwenza ukuxilongwa futhi zibeka ukwelashwa. Udokotela naye Akhuthaza ukwakheka kwe abazali:

• It ihlose lwebele ukubaluleka abagxeka ibele;
• abaqiniseka izinzuzo swaddling khulula;
• uchaza kubazali ukubaluleka yokugoma izifo;
• kuqhathaniswa "ukubhukuda ebusika" abantwana abancane nokunye.

Lo chwepheshe akumelwe ukwesabisa abazali izifo. Ngo izifo njalo kufanele silondoloze isimo sokulindela okuhle omama kanye obaba ngokumelene umhlahlo. Uma izimo ezingelapheki sokugembula ayikwazi athembisa ukuphulukiswa. Ukuze sikhulume iqiniso, futhi, akusiyo ngokushesha kuyadingeka, ngoba akwaziwa ukuthi abantu abasabela ngayo uphethwe esabekayo. On ukugula ekhona kungashiwo nje omunye wabazali.

Ngemva contact nodokotela abagulayo ingane kumele ububele, uzwela. Ingane uyozizwa ukunakwa, ukunakekelwa kanye ithemba onguchwepheshe. contact okuphoqelekile ngokomzimba. Ukwesaba ku touch ingane inciphe ngenxa, kuwukuziphulula. Uma izinyane ekhononda ubuhlungu, kuyobe sekudingeka ukwenze lokho ucele ukubonana nalowo endaweni libuhlungu. Khona-ke qiniseka ukuthi futhi ahlolisise ezindaweni buhlungu futhi kobuhlungu. Phakathi ukuhlolwa noma kunjalo awukwazi ihlazo isiguli kancane, bamhleke usulu.

nodokotela bezingane Akwaziwa

Abantu abaningi bayazi Evgeniya Olegovicha Komarovskogo. Lena wezingane, udokotela esigabeni esiphezulu. Uye ebhaliwe eziningi zezincwadi nezihloko ku izifo zezingane, impilo yezingane. Komorowski futhi umethuli TV. Ngo-2010, omunye Ukraine isiteshi se-TV waqala ukudluliswa, ngokuthi "Isikole uDkt Komarovsky." Likhuluma udokotela iyatholakala kubabukeli ku ezihlukahlukene izifo zezingane, kanye nezindlela wokwelashwa kwazo. Sula ulimi ubeka Pediatrics. Ezinganeni ungafaka ngisho yokudlulisa.

A iqhaza elikhulu ekuthuthukiseni Pediatrics owethulwa leonid Mihaylovich Roshal. Lena wezingane kweSoviet futhi isiRashiya, udokotela ohlinzayo, Doctor of Medical Sciences. Lo chwepheshe utlole isibalo esikhulu sezithunjwa zincwadi ziphakathi kokulandisa okuvelele. Roshal namanje abaziwa yesibindi sabo. Wasindisa izingane, izisulu zokuzamazama komhlaba, izimpi kokuphela.

Omunye udokotela wezingane owaziwa - Aleksandr Aleksandrovich Baranov. Wabhala imisebenzi mayelana 500 yesayensi (zincwadi ziphakathi kokulandisa okuvelele, izincwadi namabhukwana). Okwamanje, u-Alexander Baranov usebenza MGMU Sechenov. Indoda iyinhloko woMnyango Pediatrics Pediatric Rheumatology Pediatric Faculty.

Ekuphetheni, kuyafaneleka ukuthi Pediatrics - kuyinto igatsha ebaluleke kakhulu imithi. Uma ufuna ukuba abe udokotela wezingane ungaya esikoleni sezokwelapha. Funda kusuka udokotela Kuyathakazelisa, kodwa kunzima. Kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi isazi sezifo zezingane akufanele kuphela babe theory nolwazi kanye nama-practical adingekayo, kodwa nesokuthi zonke izimfanelo siqu. Kufanele ngiyojabula bekhulumisana nezingane futhi ekusimameni.