Kokuqala education amakhono eRussia

Emphakathini, imfundo bezilokhu kubhekwe njengophawu lokuba imfundo ezingeni bokusungula. Ngalo mqondo, isikhathi eside ohlwini imfundo ephakeme futhi yesibili abathweswe iziqu esikoleni bavame ukuya emayunivesithi ehlonishwayo futhi izikhungo e okukhethekile imfashini, Okwamanje, azikho abasebenzi ngokwanele onekhono kakhulu. Phakathi nokuqeqeshwa kwabo ihlangabezana eziyisisekelo education amakhono, manje uzama ukuphila nezikhathi. Lokhu kuzoxoxwa ngakho esihlokweni.

Uhlelo kwezikhungo sokufundela zemfundo

izikhungo zemfundo ehilelekile ekuqeqesheni abafundi zihlukaniswe amazinga amathathu. Lokhu kokuqala (PTU), eliphakathi (lobuchwepheshe) futhi engenhla (Amanyuvesi). izikole sokufundela Okwesibili (ezikoleni zamabanga sokufundela) uwukuhlangana kwabantu nezikhungo amazinga sokufundela secondary eyinhloko. Erenki kokuqala gou NGOs nama-NGO Leu - izikhungo ngokulandelana, zomphakathi kanye nezizimele wokufundisa eyinhloko education amakhono. Ngesikhathi kubusa amaSoviet, kokuqala education amakhono yethulwa PTU (amagama azo umsindo ngakho: isilinganiso professional ezikoleni ezisemadolobheni lobuchwepheshe, noma SGPTU). Russia yanamuhla iye uqambe kabusha nabo sokufundela ezikoleni zamabanga aphakeme.

Isethi kusekelwe emabangeni lesishiyagalolunye nanye. Yokwamukelwa udinga ukuthi uthumele isicelo futhi zidlule mncintiswano. Njengomthetho, ukusungulwa NGOs ezidumile phakathi abafundi abahlala enomzali oyedwa futhi emikhayeni enezinkinga, ngoba ukuqeqeshwa kokuqala sokufundela - ithuba elikhulu futhi ufunde ubuthishela, futhi ukuze uthole isitifiketi esikoleni esiphakeme.

okukhethekile Okudumile e sokufundela tekucecesha

On the emakethe yezabasebenzi kukhona Ukushoda okukhulu kwabantu abaqeqeshelwe ziqeqeshelwa umsebenzi emkhakheni zokukhiqiza. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi abafundi abasanda kuphothula umatikuletsheni ukuthola umsebenzi umsebenzi hhayi ehlonishwayo futhi ngiyiqonde ngokungeyikho ezingeni inkokhelo kule ndawo. Institutions ukuhlinzeka eziyisisekelo education amakhono, ukulungiselela abathweswe iziqu kahle laphetha abenza ukufunda amakhosi zangempela nothisha njalo ukunakekela ukuze bathuthukise amakhono abo. izinhlelo Modern ukuqeqeshwa ezikoleni sokufundela eduze yesibili sokufundela imfundo. Ubude Yiqiniso incike umfundi. Esimweni ukuthi imfundo professional kokuqala zisekelwe iminyaka 9 sikolo, isikhathi uqeqesho eminyakeni emibili kuya kwemithathu. Abathweswa iziqu ezikoleni nge diploma esikoleni esiphakeme (ngemuva kwelibanga 11) babhaliswa ezikoleni sokufundela kusukela ngonyaka 1 iminyaka engu-2. Ngo sokufundela izikole eziphakeme ukunikela ezimbili izinhlobo ukuqeqeshwa: imini kusihlwa.

Uhlu amakhono, okuyinto sikulungele NGO nezikhungo kwehle kakhulu kusukela kwamaSoviet (eziyinkulungwane nekhulu ezine), futhi kwenziwe ebuyekeziwe. Manje amalungiselelo bayahamba edidiyele ubuchwepheshe ezingamakhulu amabili namashumi ayisishiyagalombili. Ethandwa kakhulu yiwona mkhakha isevisi umkhakha, amandla, ezokuthutha kanye ukuhweba. Kusukela elisha sha, likufuna okukhethekile imiphakathi ubhale kwezenkolo, osonhlalakahle, abaklami, abahleli bezinhlangano amabhizinisi amancane. Konke lokhu kwandisa ukuncintisana iziqu ubavumele ukuba uthole umsebenzi kuqinisekisiwe. Inani ukuzibonakalisa ezihlobene yokukhiqiza nokwakhiwa unqabile.

Kuze kube namuhla, kokuqala education amakhono eRussia kungokwalabo ekhethekile yesibili, ngenkathi phesheya kungase ezihlobana ngayo ngaphezulu. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukusungulwa NGOs ungomunye izingxenye ezibalulekile kohlelo lwezemfundo, ukulungiselela izisebenzi ezinekhono kakhulu kusukela emkhakheni wemisebenzi kanti ukukhiqizwa yezimboni.