Nosimende: indlela ukuzalela usimende?

Ukuze uthole okusezingeni eliphezulu Imiphumela izinga ekwakhiweni kwanoma yiluphi uhlobo lwesakhiwo, kubalulekile ukuba sizivumelanise nezimfuneko ezihlobene uhlobo lomsebenzi ngamunye. Ngakho, lapho ebeka isisekelo sesakhiwo, ukwakha izindonga nokunye, izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zezindwangu ezingaba ukwakhiwa izixazululo, enza inqubo ngamunye wabo kuyahlukahluka. Engazi ukuthi wayezobathola kanjani chaza ukwakheka usimende ukuthola emakamu oyifunayo, akunakwenzeka ukuba uqiniseke yalokho ngempumelelo umsebenzi owawenziwa.

Izinhlobo isakhiwo Ukwakheka

Ngaphambi uphendula lo mbuzo: "Indlela chaza usimende" - cabanga zomphakathi ezigqulweni , le nto isetshenziswa. Kukhona cishe izingoma ezilandelayo:

• isixazululo Ukhonkolo. Lolu hlobo isetshenziswa imisebenzi efana ebeka isisekelo, eqinisa ka imiklamo ehlukahlukene, screed izibuya nabanye. Ngakho-ke, lapha kunconywa ukusebenzisa usimende ukuze amamaki aphezulu. Kungase futhi kuqashelwe ukuthi ngokuvamile isetshenziswa le njongo izinhlobo ezinjalo of izinto zokusetshenziswa ezifana slag, impahla aluminous nabanye.
• Usimende-lime kwengoma. Lolu hlobo lwe-isixazululo kungenziwa isetshenziselwe izinhloso ezinhlobonhlobo (i jointing, nge abaluphahleka ukuba "ekuqaleni elingenamikhono" kanye nabanye). Qaphela ukuthi kumelwe wazi ukuthi ukuncibilikisa usimende, wacondza izinto futhi balungiselela esimweni ngasinye, ngoba la maphuzu zingahluka.
• isakhiwo Umsebenzi Wamatshe.

Izindlela kulungiselelwa izixazululo

Cabanga usimende njengoba alulaze aqanjwe ezahlukene. Njengoba kuphawuliwe ngenhla, mix ukhonkolo esetshenziselwa isisekelo. Ukulungiselela sokuqanjwa ingase ixhomeke endleleni izinto eziningi, ezifana sonyaka (uma isakhiwo Kwakhiwani), nemibandela esifundeni (district) nabanye. Lokhu kungase kusetshenziswe izithasiselo ehlukahlukene (plasticizers, modifiers nezinye ukungcola) ukuthi kakhulu ngcono izici ngokhonkolo, ukunciphisa "isizinda", ukuvimbela okuvela kuyo imifantu nokunye. Nokho, ungakwazi ukugqamisa amaphuzu ayisihluthulelo ezifanelekayo zonke izinhlobo ukhonkolo. Futhi ukwazi ukuthi ukutshala usimende isisekelo izosebenzisa ulwazi olulandelayo:

• Zonke izixazululo abe Ukwakheka njalo - usimende, inhlabathi (kunconyiwe uhlobo ukusetshenziswa umsebenzi), amatshe (amatshe), namanzi.
• Isilinganiso fillers ulawulwa ngokuhambisana nohlobo isibopho isici, isb ayanda brand usimende, i-luthe ukuqina kuyoba ukuvumelana yesixazululo. Ngakho, ngamunye 1 m ³ isihlabathi ukugeleza le nto imi kanje: M150 - 230 kg, M200 - 185 kg, M300 - 120 kg, M400 - 90 kg. Isilinganiso iyahlukahluka ngohlobo kanye grade ngokhonkolo. Isixazululo kungase zixutshwe ngoba kubekwa inhlukano ukuthatha izithako ngezabelo enjalo (obonakaliswe izingxenye): Usimende M 300 (1), isihlabathi (3.5), amatshe (amatshe, 5) namanzi (1/2). uzilungiselele Ngakho uphawu ukhonkolo 50.
• Amanzi akufanele aqukethe ukungcola ezifana namafutha, compounds kampompi ukuxova umuthi wokugoma, izinsalela of olunye uketshezi nokunye okunjalo.
• isixazululo izinga kuyoba ngcono, uma batch is abagijima ngokuncintisana semende.

Usimende-lime Ukwakheka kuyalungiswa ngezabelo ezahlukene kuye ngokuthi indawo ukusetshenziswa. Ngokwesibonelo, ukuze nginikeze more bafake izindawo (izitebhisi, amavesi nokunye) kudingeka ukwandisa ukugeleza ngesilinganiso isibopho. Nokho, ungakhetha inqubo olulodwa, lawo ngamaphuzu ayinhloko esekelwe zazo zimi kanje:

1. "Stubbed" lime ngamanzi esitsheni ehlukile kusengaphambili.
2. Hlanganisa isihlabathi usimende.
3. Alulaze ingxube ngomcako "ubisi".

izidakamizwa isilinganiso, kuncike imisebenzi:

• ngokuba izindonga nophahla - usimende (60 kg), lime (140 kg);
• ukusebenza ezitebhisini - usimende (100 kg) futhi lime (140 kg);
• ukwenza igridi ihumusha - usimende (50 kg), lime (140 kg) nesanti (1 m ^3).

Umsebenzi Wamatshe nosimende ingalungiswa kanje:

1. Hlanganisa isihlabathi usimende (3: 1) ukuze uthole mass homogeneous.
2. amanzi ivaliwe, futhi leyo mali kuxhomeke ngezinga umswakama zasesihlabathini. Kungaba zimisele zibukeke by kancane kancane ukulifaka ethangini nobhebhezela. Isixazululo kufanele kube ductile hhayi zisale ngemuva ikhaba.
3. Ukwakheka kumele kusetshenziswe ngaphakathi 2 amahora.

Ukwazi indlela ukuzalela for ezihlukahlukene usimende izigqulo ungakhetha okungu kwesokudla nabavoti izidakamizwa nemibandela ukuxuba. Kungenzeka kakhulu ukuthuthukisa izinga lomsebenzi, lapho zisetshenziselwa lezi izingoma.