Ngiyiphi inarha lapha uvele opera? Umlando uhlobo zomculo

Opera, i-ballet, musicals ngakho siqine ezimpilweni zethu, ukuthi waqala ukuzizwa sengathi kwabona kwathi nhlo ukhona. Kodwa lokhu akulona icala. Ezinye izinhlobo zomculo kukhona empeleni esasisesisha isiko emhlabeni. Kulesi sihloko sizohlola kuliphi izwe futhi lapho kuba khona kuyi-opera. Lona kanye izwi elisuka Latin. Igama elithi "opus" lisho ukuthi "umsebenzi", "umsebenzi", "umsebenzi". Njengoba uhlobo zomculo kusungulwe Florentines, umkhiqizo waziwa e-Italy - opera. Lapho kuqala kwenziwe elale ndalo, futhi kabani izindlebe yayihloselwe? Wayengubani umbhali wokuqala emhlabeni we-opera? Funda ngezansi.

Academy kanye Camerata

Esikhathini Renaissance wabusa Craze isiko lasendulo. Lo mzamo "avuselele" ifa lasendulo futhi yaqanjwa wonke okuqinisekile zomlando. isikali Special lobu bumnandi kangako ngezinto zasendulo ifinyelele "kudabuka" we owawuke waba namandla uMbuso WaseRoma, e-Italy. Nanhlanu eminyaka nesithupha yonke indawo baqala ukuvela okuthiwa Academy - amasiko, noma ezesayensi okwakukhona nhlobo ethonyeni eBandleni. Kunengqondo, yini ngalokho kwaziswa ngenhla embuzweni zazo ezweni uvele opera? I ngqo kakhulu. I academy izimbongi, abaculi, ososayensi nabantu nje ocebile futhi abafundile wahlanganyela okuthiwa art wokuziphilisa. Ne-Opera, njengoba sazi, ayikaze lifana Benedictine yesonto noma ubugagu isonto. amakilabhu Cultural (Academy kanye Camerata) ezihlelwe ababusi bezwe kanye abashisekeli ocebile. Injongo eyinhloko emphakathini iyona ukuthuthukiswa nokuhlonishwa kwemibhalo yalezi kwezobuciko nesayensi.

Florentine Camerata

E-Italy ngasekupheleni kwekhulu leshumi nesithupha, kwakunabamemezeli abangaba yinkulungwane yalezi academy. Florence Kwadingeka inhlanhla kangcono kweminye imizi. Zonke balesi republic kubhekwe kuyisibopho kuwo ukuvikela abantu yokudala futhi ngesandla esivulekile yona. Ngakho-ke, ngo-Florence bahlangana amathalenta lonke Italy. Ngo 1580 Dzhovanni Bardi, owasizalela isihloko Ukubala of thembekile kwaba umqalisi we Camerata. Futhi manje Umbuthano ngqo okuhlobene ezweni lapho kwakukhona kuyi-opera, ngoba injongo yayo kwakufanele 'ukuvuselela umculo lasendulo. " Njengoba iculo nemiculo lasendulo, akukho ilungu Florentine Camerata wayengaqiniseki ukuthi. Kodwa amalungu omphakathi yabo yokuphila yayihluke ososayensi nabantu zokudala: Jacopo Peri, Cristofano Malvezzi, Girolami Mei, Ottavio Rinuccini, Petro Strotstsi, Dzhulio Kachchini, Jacopo Korea nesezinkanyezi uyise, abaziwa umhlaba wonke Vincenzo Galilei.

Ngiyiphi inarha lapha uvele opera e umculo nendlela lalibizwa?

Bomculo, beniyingxenye Camerata omkhulu eFlorence, wafinyelela esiphethweni sokuthi eRoma yasendulo, idrama yasendulo zimenyezelwe umculo. Jacopo Peri sina wanquma ngivuselele art ukhohlwe. Ngenxa yalokho, ukukhanya uvele monody - uhlobo olusha ukucula uwedwa, enza isigqi khulula ngu elula ihambisana. Kuyinto ukudalwa umqambi - umsunguli we uhlobo - ngokuthi idrama musica ngasinye (idrama ngomculo). Ngakho, sesivele wayazi ukuthi yini izwe opera uqala ukuvela. Futhi lokho lalibizwa? Futhi ngesikhathi sibhalwa? eyakhiwa wayo Yakopo Peri e 1598. Kodwa, ngeshwa, owokuqala ngqá emlandweni we-opera, manje akunakwenzeka ukuba ulalele. Score lokhu mkhiqizo, ngeshwa, akazange ngasinda. Esikwaziyo ukuthi wabizwa ngokuthi "Daphne".

Ngiyiphi inarha lapha uvele opera №2?

Kodwa lapho kwakukhona khona isikolo esekhona kuqala? Nalapha futhi, e Florence. Futhi wakwenza the author efanayo, Jacopo Peri. Kodwa ngalesi sikhathi ngokubambisana libretistom Ottavio Rinuccini. Kulesi opera, amalungu Florentine Camerata okwethulwa umculo solo ukucula indaba lasezinganekwaneni Orpheus futhi Eurydice. Lo msebenzi lalinabashumayeli le "Aryan", funda recitative sihambisana i Ensemble zomculo eziyisikhombisa. Opera "Euridice" waba ekudalweni kubhaliswe. Wawuthi e isenzakalo esibalulekile - umshado Marii Medichi Florence bomdabu nenkosi French uHenry IV. I-opera yethulwa emcimbini lomshado esigodlweni Pitti lesithupha Okthoba 1600. By the way, ngesikhathi esifanayo kwaba khona omunye ucezu umculo of the gama elifanayo futhi ezikhulumela indaba efanayo. Umbhali opera "Euridice" kuyinto ilungu Florentine Camerata Dzhulio Kachchini.

Ukunqoba uhlobo zomculo

"Le filimu ngomculo" kwaba ngempela umphefumulo abathandi umculo. Futhi opera njengoba uhlobo basungula ngokushesha. Abadali lokuqala wahlala bomculo Italy. Kodwa kancane kancane opera 'wangenela "ngokusebenzisa zase-Alps futhi liqala ukuzungeza kwayo okunqobayo lonke elaseYurophu. Ezweni ngalinye, ke ozuza izici kazwelonke.

EJalimane, i-passion Italian salandelwa bokubanga yokushisekela izwe. opera French lyrical ngaphezulu. Ukuze sicacise lo mbuzo ngokuthi izwe livele opera, ake ucabange ngamiphi imisebenzi yaleli uhlobo siqala Russian. Kuyaziwa ukuthi 1730s nombusi esigodlweni walalela nabahlabeleli abenza Arias. Kodwa lezi zinto zazingeyona sabezinye izizwe, ikakhulukazi e-Italy. Engxenyeni kwekhulu weshumi nesishiyagalombili yesibili kwakukhona fashion amatiyetha yangasese, okuyinto qembu babe serfs. I-opera lokuqala, Libretto kulotshiwe ngesiRashiya, ubhekwa ahlekisayo basezindlini ngokunakekelwa Arias "Miller - ungumqambimanga, umthakathi futhi Matchmaker" umqambi Mikhail Sokolovsky umbhalo A. O. Ablesimova (1779).