Lokuzaliswa Hydra: Uhlolojikelele, izici

isilwane zinhlobo ezahlukene, walondoloza kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo kuze kube namuhla, kukhona abaningi. Phakathi kwabo kukhona eziphilayo bakudala ukuthi iminyaka engaphezu kwezigidi eziyisithupha namashumi isekhona nasekuvezeni izithombo zaso ezintsha - Hydra.

Incazelo kanye yokuphila

owakhileyo Jwayelekile emadanyini, angenasawoti polyp Hydra ngokuthi libhekisela coelenterates izilwane. Kuyinto gelatinous tube ayevumela ubude 1 cm. Omunye ukuphela, lapho ematheni yasekuqaleni enamathiselwe ezimila emanzini. Ngakolunye uhlangothi kukhona umzimba beater nge sebuningini (6 kuya ku-12) tentacles. Bayakwazi yokwelula kuze kube ngamasentimitha ambalwa ubude futhi zisetshenziselwa ukucinga inyamazane, okuyinto paralyzes le Hydra kwabathinta esintinyelayo, kuqinisa tentacles layo emlonyeni kugwinywe. Esekela ukudla daphnia, singenazo izibungu zomiyane, inhlanzi gazinga, Cyclops. Kuye umbala ukudla kudliwa uyashintsha futhi yokudweba ayevumela umzimba Hydra.

Ngenxa ukusikwa futhi aziphumulele emphecweni-no-imisipha amaseli umzimba inganciphisa futhi ukushwaqa, ukunweba, kuse ecaleni futhi kancane ukuhambahamba. Uma sikubeka kalula, iningi kule nhlangano futhi uziphethe ezimele njenge esiswini angenasawoti Hydra. Lokuzaliswa ingabe, naphezu kwale mizamo, kukhona izinga kahle eliphezulu futhi ngezindlela ezahlukene.

izinhlobo Hydra

Izazi ezine izinhlobo angenasawoti polyp. Ziyakwazi impela kancane sihluke nomunye. zinhlobo elikhulu nge tentacles asamicwana, izikhathi eziningana kokweqa ubude emzimbeni, ebizwa ngokuthi Pelmatohydra oligactis (dlinnostebelchataya Hydra). Olunye uhlobo, umzimba tapering kuya ematheni, ibizwa ngokuthi Hydra vulgaris noma onsundu (ezivamile). Hydra attennata (mncane noma mpunga) akufane ukubukeka lungisani obuphelele lonke tube ne isikhashana, njengoba kuqhathaniswa umzimba, ihambe. Hydra Green ngokuthi Chlorohydra viridissima, ngakho okuthiwa ngenxa umbala waso aluhlaza, okuyinto lona ulwelwe owumphumela, okuyinto bafakela umzimba nomoya-mpilo.

zizalela Izici

Imane ukhona futhi kungaba ukukhiqiza kabusha kwezocansi asexually. Ehlobo lapho amanzi nendlu yaqala ukufudumala, ukukhiqizwa kabusha Hydra kwenzeka ikakhulukazi by luthela. ubulili amaseli Same akhiwa kule yi-ectoderm of Hydra kuphela ekwindla, lapho kuqala kubanda. Ngu Ebusika, abadala afe, kusale amaqanda kuyiphi isizukulwane olusha luvela entwasahlobo.

agamobium

Ngo izimo ezikahle, i-Hydra ngokuvamile okusakazwa luthela. Ekuqaleni, kukhona protrusion kunangonyaka odongeni umzimba, okuyinto kancane liphenduka Bump ezincane (izinso). Kancane kancane, it kwandisa ubukhulu, esisuka futhi kwakheka ihambe, phakathi okuyinto singacabangela umlomo. Ekuqaleni, izakhamuzi ezingamaPutukezi Hydra abasha ixhunywe umzimba kamama ngosizo ohlangeni mncane. Ngemva kwesikhashana, inqubo abasha ehlukanisa futhi uqala ukuphila ezimele. Le nqubo kakhulu efana ukuthi izitshalo ukuthuthukisa kusuka efihlekile ukuphunyuka, ukukhiqizwa kabusha asexual kangaka okuthiwa luthela Hydra.

syngenesis

Lapho Kwenzekani kubande noma izimo akuzona evumayo kakhulu empilweni lo Hydra (Echibini ezomile noma izile ukudla nokunwetshiwe), e-yi-ectoderm ukwakheka kwamaseli ocansini. I olwelwesini ephansi umzimba ingxenye kwakhiwa amaqanda, futhi uhlevane ethile (gonads besilisa) ukuthi zitholakala eduze komlomo, ukuthuthukisa isidoda. Ngamunye wabo has a msila eside. Ngalo, isidoda zingasuswa emanzini ukufinyelela iqanda umquba. Njengoba ngokobulili ukukhiqizwa kabusha Hydra kwenzeka ekwindla, i-embryo okuholela imbozwe emgodleni zokuzivikela futhi lihlale phansi echibini ebusika, futhi kuphela obhekwe entwasahlobo ucala kutfutfukisa.

Amagciwane Engeke Esaba amaseli

Lezi polyp angenasawoti iningi amacala kukhona dioecious (sperm amaqanda akhiwa abantu ezahlukene), hermaphroditism e Hydra kukalutshwana kakhulu. Nge Ukupholisa kwenzeka gonads yi-ectoderm ithebhu (gonadal). Ubulili amaseli akhiwa umzimba Hydra lamaseli Lesisemkhatsini zihlukaniswe zesifazane (amaqanda) kanye owesilisa (isidoda). Iqanda ufana amoeba nonyawo zamanga. Likhula masinyane, ngenkathi iyavuleka amaseli Lesisemkhatsini komakhelwane. Ngesikhathi yokuvuthwa, ubukhulu bayo kuyinto 0.5 kuya 1 mm. Hydra ukukhiqizwa kabusha usebenzisa amaqanda futhi ngokuthi ngokobulili.

Isidoda amaseli zifana flagellate lenyama. Kokuphazamisa umzimba Hydra futhi sintanta emanzini ngosizo msila etholakalayo, baya befuna abanye abantu.

kokukhulelwa

Lapho isidoda baziphonse nabantu iqanda zingene ngaphakathi lezi nuclei ukuhlanganisa kokubili amaseli. Ngemva kwale nqubo, iseli iba ukuma oyindilinga xaxa ngoba pseudopodia uyalingana. Kwakheka ku ubuso bayo nge aminyene sikebhe ezihlobene ngesimo spikes. Ngaphambi ukuqala ebusika Hydra uyafa. Iqanda lihlala uyaphila futhi agelezela kulala kwasebusika, ukuhlala ezansi ichibi kuze entwasahlobo. Lapho isimo sezulu uthola efudumele, overwintered iseli le containment iyaqhubeka ikhula futhi iqala ukwehlukana, obumba iziqalo lokuqala inesikhala emathunjini, ke ihambe. Khona-ke igobolondo amaqanda sinqamukile nokukhanya livela Hydra abasha.

ukuvuselelwa

Izici Hydra ukukhiqizwa kabusha zihlanganisa namanje futhi emangalisayo ikhono alulame, ngenxa okuyinto ezivuselela ngabanye abasha. Kusukela ehlukile ucezu umzimba akha ngezinye izikhathi engaphansi wokuhamba ivolumu Imininingwane, kungase yakha lonke umzimba.

Kumele uthathe yizicucu Hydra, njengoba ngokushesha kwabangela inqubo ukuvuselelwa, lapho ucezu ngalunye ozuza umlomo wawo ihambe futhi kuphela. Ngisho e nesikhombisa usosayensi ekhulwini kokuqhuba ukuhlolwa, lapho indlela afanayo neengcezu ezahlukene wokubacindezela etholwe ngisho Semiglavaya eziphilayo. Yingaleso kusukela ngaleso sikhathi ukuthi polyp emachibini lethiwa. Leli khono kungase kubhekwe njengokwelapha ngenye indlela ukukhiqizwa kabusha Hydra.

I esiyingozi Hydra e aquarium

Ukuze izinhlanzi, kokuba Ubukhulu amasentimitha angaphezu kuka ezine, Hydra akuzona eziyingozi. Kunalokho, bakhonza njengezikhonzi uhlobo inkomba kahle kanjani umnikazi feeds izinhlanzi. Uma ukudla kunikezwa kakhulu, inqamuka amanzi zibe yizicucu amancane, khona-ke uyabona ukuthi ngokushesha baqala ukwanda Hydra e aquarium. Ukuze wawubaphuca ukudla ukuthengisela, inciphise okuphakelayo.

Ngo aquarium, ekhaya ukuze inhlanzi ezincane kakhulu, noma gazinga, ukuvela senzo Hydra kuyingozi ngempela. Lokhu kungaholela ezihlukahlukene izinkinga. gazinga Okokuqala zinyamalale, futhi izinhlanzi ezisele siyohlale ukuzwa ukusha zamakhemikhali, kubangele tentacles Hydra. Emzimbeni ithangi ungathola feed bukhoma, akhiwa umzimba wemvelo izitshalo amanzi nokunye. D.

Ukuze kuliwe Hydra kufanele bakhethe izindlela ukuthi abakwazi balimaze izinhlanzi eziphilayo e aquarium. Indlela elula ukusebenzisa uthando Hydra ukuze ekukhanyeni okukhazimulayo. Nakuba-ke usalokhu uyimfihlakalo kanjani uyasibona ke ngokungabi bikho izitho ezibukwayo. Kuyadingeka ukuze asithe zonke izindonga aquarium, kodwa omunye okuyinto Asondele phezu ingilazi ngaphakathi usayizi ofanayo. Phakathi kosuku, Hydra lihamba eduze ukukhanya futhi ibekwe phezu kobuso ingilazi. Ukushiya kuphela ngokucophelela yayo ukuze uthole - nezinhlanzi ayisekho asengozini.

Ngenxa ikhono layo eliphezulu nokuzala ngaphansi Hydra aquarium kusheshe ukuzalela. Lokhu kufanele kunakwe futhi eduze iqaphe ukubukeka kwabo ngesikhathi ukuzigwema.