Lithography - indlela yokunyathelisa ...

Lithography indlela wokunyathelisa lapho ukuphrinta iphethini ephepheni okulungiselelwe ngokudlulisela inki ungqimba ucindezelwa ipuleti ukuphrinta esithwalini ephepheni. Le ndlela ukuphrinta libhekisela art wasendulo, yasungulwa ngekhulu XIX eMunich. Eqinisweni, lithography - inqubo esekelwe ukuphikisana izidakamizwa namanzi fat-aqukethe. Isisekelo ifomu ukuphrinta ngokukhethekile kusetshenzwe itshe nge surface bushelelezi, ehlanganisa limestone eyohlobo. Ngaphambi Umdwebo is owadalwa, okuholela indlela ungeno ekubhaleni, izinyathelo ezilandelayo kufanele kwenziwe:

- phezu ophucuziwe itshe iphethini ungeno ekubhaleni sisetshenziswa inki noma ipensela ekhethekile, ehlanganisa fat;

- baba umdwebo kwagxila ingxube ekhethekile ka nitric acid ne dextrin;

- emva kobuso sigqoka itshe bakwazi ukuthatha umswakama ngenkathi baphokophelele inki nge emakamu eliphezulu fat;

- ekuphetheni umdwebo ekhethekile ukugeza tincture equkethe lokuhlala eliphezulu yokususa ingcekeza elenkani.

izinzuzo lithography

Ngakho, ukuze umfanekiso wabonakala ngesikhathi ebandakanyeka ukunyatheliswa indlela esetshenziswa physico-chemical izinto zobujamo. Lithography ngokuvamile bedidekile ne umbhalo, kodwa ngokuphelele izindlela ezahlukene umdwebo. Umbhalo kuyinto isinyathelo nge amafomu walungisa ngokukhethekile. Ukuphuca iphethini phezu kwezinkuni - yileyo oqoshiwe, lithography Akudingi imizamo emikhulu. Ngenxa yokusabela chemical ngumuntu iphethini ukuphrinta ephepheni livela. Isithombe wathola kungenziwa ziphindaphindwe izikhathi eziningi. Oluqanjwe lithography iphethini kungaba olulodwa, eyingqayizivele ngezinhlobo zayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lithography kunezinzuzo elingenakuphikwa. Nina makhosi, qhubekani ngokuphindaphindiwe usebenzisa lithography amasu emsebenzini wakhe, uqaphele ukuthi lithography - liphinde indlela kancane kokunyathelisa. Ukwabela elandelayo izinzuzo zayo:

- ekusondeleni senqubo yokukhiqiza kungaba ngokukhululekile ukushintsha, ukushintsha iphethini ngesakhiwo, engeza izinto ezintsha;

- itshe isikhunta ingasetshenziswa ngokuphindaphindiwe, ngemva ukugaya a futhi;

- ngokungafani lokuqopha ndlela ivumela ukukhiqiza umbala izithombe, iphethini umbala ngamunye sisetshenziswa ukuhlukanisa itshe;

- amasu kuyahluka kalula isihlobo ukusebenza.

Ukuphrinta izithombe

Ngakho ukuthi isithombe esicacile, ne eqondile, hhayi ubuso esilufifi, itshe ungeno ekubhaleni kumele kuvikelwe emshinini ekhethekile. Ekuqaleni ukubeka umdwebo ukugeza, ngemva kwalokho isisekelo sisetshenziswa pre-oswakanyiswe upende okhethekile, eyenziwe ukuvenisha. iphepha ukungena nakwamanye amazwe ngokunyathelisa uvalwe kuya ngobuningi embozwe itshe inki, bese iphuma phezu ngu umshini roller. Umphumela iphathini isithombe camera upende monochromatic.

Kuyini oleography

Indlela umbala ukuphrinta yi ukuphrinta phezu kwedwala ngokuthi oleograph. Ubuchwepheshe azihlukile kakhulu kusukela lithography ezivamile, yiyona kanye le isethi efanayo izenzo njengoba ukuphrinta flat. I mikhondo ephepheni umbala ngamunye kukhiqizwa ngokulandelana kusukela ukukhanya amathoni amnyama. Ukuze umbala ngamunye ehlukile ukulungele itshe ungeno ekubhaleni. Ukuphrinta umbala ngamunye sisetshenziswa yanjalo komunye ephepheni. Ngezincwadi ezinyathelisiwe nange-izitolo ngokudala, kwakha emaphethini ephepheni ihlangabezana umculi, njengoba esethembise umshado e ukucutshungulwa amatshe journeyman.

izinhlobonhlobo lithography

Kuleli zwe lanamuhla lithography - kuba kunalokho indlela ukwakha izifunda ekhethekile ngogesi kanye izithombe nanometer isixazululo. Kukhona optical, electron futhi-X-ray lithography. -X-ray lithography yindlela yesimanje lapho ugodo kwama-X ray idlule preform ekhethekile lapho liveza imininingwane isibonelo esihle substrate ekhethekile. I lithography optical isetshenziswa uma kuba nesidingo ukuze uthumele iphethini letfolakala electronic wesifunda iphethini ekhethekile substrate ka Semiconductor.

Electron lithography - inqubo lapho ebhekiwe electron ugongolo inike imininingwane edingekayo kohlelo noma uthathelwe ilungu ekhethekile photosensitive.

Kuyini autography

Autograph kuyinto ukuphrinta amasu esimanje lapho umculi kungaqali isithombe itshe yesici, futhi ukudluliswa iphepha okhethekile. Kulesi Umdwebo ephepheni ngokuzenzakalelayo idluliselwe itshe. Abaculi baziswa nohlolwe, lendlela lithography. Izinzuzo main ukuthi kungenzeka umbhalo wesandla imidwebo imvelo. Okubangela isithombe ngokusebenzisa iphepha ukudluliswa, umculi unamandla okunipha isithombe esicacile kungekho nomphumela esibukweni.

Lithography ezweni lanamuhla

Ekhulwini zokugcina benziwa usebenzisa lithography iphethini, iphrintwe mikhondo omnyama nomhlophe on ukudayiswa, ekhiqizwa amabalazwe. Su lithography ephrintiwe imifanekiso esezincwadini nokufundisa amaqoqo.

Njengoba oluthile iziza ziphindaphindwe, lithography kabanzi manje. Le ndlela ukuphrinta libhekene lula ukusetshenziswa abaculi owayephila ukudala izithombe omnyama nomhlophe. Ihluzo ezidingekayo ukuze ubonise izincwadi methodological, okungenxa yezimo ezikhethekile nezinsiza, izincwajana nomagazini. Nokho, ukwakha ungeno manje akukho iphepha isidingo ukuphrinta. Ngo kwinanotechnology kabanzi baqashwe yesimanje izinhlobo ihluzo, lithography ngogesi futhi optical. Projection lithography usebenzisa laser emisebeni kabanzi sokuthuthukiswa ubuchwepheshe bamuva optical ukuthuthukisa imishini Metrology ekwenziweni eminye ukukhiqizwa yayo.