Lavra e Sergiev Posad. Elikhulu kunawo wonke Orthodox besilisa sezindela stauropegic

Lavra Sergiyev Posad kubhekwa omunye wemizila ebaluleke kakhulu amasayithi Orthodox ongcwele eRussia. yokukhulekela kwakhe futhi ngokuthi inhliziyo izwe Orthodox, njengoba kuwo wonke umlando, lokhu sezindela wabonisa isibindi okungenakudanjiswa nokholo. Kuze kube manje, kukhona Isigodlo ngobukhulu Orthodox.

Umlando indawo okuvela kuyo Lavra

Ukuvela ngoZiqu-zintathu-uSergiyu Lavra, uya kude emuva ngesikhathi, okungukuthi 1337, lapho ngasedolobheni Radonezh izelamani ezimbili, noBartolomewu, uStefanu eyakhelwe yeseli kanye esontweni encane. Lesi sakamuva lanikezelwa egameni zintathu Ongcwele.

Ngemva kwesikhashana, Stefan banquma ukuthuthela the Isigodlo Epiphany, noBartolomewu wahlala. Kugcine wamthatha izifungo Izigodlo futhi elabizwa ngebizo uSergiyu (kamuva eyaziwa ngokuthi Radonezh). I unkom 'idlayodwa wayeyedwa iminyaka engaba mibili, bese eduze esitokisini sakhe baqala ukuhlala labo ababefisa ukuthola imiyalelo. Sekukonke kukhona amaseli nambili, okuyinto ngemuva kwesikhathi esithile yahaqwa kocingo, wafaka amasango.

Ngemva kwesikhashana, wamiswa wesigodlo Mitrofan, eyasala ehhovisi kuze 1344. Ngemva okuthunyelwe waya St uSergiyu ka Radonezh. Yena ngomhawu ngiqaphile ngakubo ngokugcinwa oda service, nakuba kwakungekho umpristi unomphela. Ngakho, ngaqala ukuthatha isimo Lavra esizayo Sergiev Posad.

Enye isonto zokhuni ezinkulu ngemali Archimandrite Simon lakhiwa phakathi nokuphila uSergiyu. Futhi kwalungisa amaseli kubazalwane.

Invasion of the zidlamlilo ezweni Russian nokuvuleka kwekhasi elisha emphilweni Laura

Kwibanga elibalulekile emlandweni Russia baba ijoka Tatar-amaMongol. Kwakuyisikhathi esinzima wonke umuntu. Ngo 1380, Abbot uSergiyu, ngesicelo Prince Dmitry, abahlonipha kuye, wema ngomthandazo ngaso sonke isikhathi, kanti kwakukhona impi. Ngenxa isipho sakhe clairvoyance, wabona konke okwakwenzeka enkundleni yempi.

Ngo 1392, ikusasa Lavra Sergiyev Posad St uSergiyu elahlekile. Yena waya kwelinye izwe. Walandelwa esikhundleni Nikon. Eminyakeni eyishumi nanhlanu ngemuva ukuqokwa sezindela washa ayehlasela kwesizathu izindimbane. Kwakudingeka kabusha.

Ngo 1422 kwenzeka esinye isimangaliso ukuthi avunyelwe izinsalela evulekile St. Sergiya Radonezhskogo. Lokhu kuye kwaholela ekwakhiweni entsha, umphumela elakhiwa zintathu Cathedral. Yaba ethempelini nokuthola izinsalela we saint.

Leli sonto lakhiwa kusuka itshe. Ukuze imidwebo yakhe wayengaphuli ababemenyelwe abadumile isithonjana umdwebi Andrei Rublev. Yiqiniso, lo mdwebo ku ifomu yayo yasekuqaleni ukuba namuhla engakaze walondoloza kusukela ibuyekeziwe izikhathi eziningana, futhi abanye babutha izingcezwana eziyizinsalela babevame kwenziwe futhi.

Liberation Miracle usebenzisa Sergiya Radonezhskogo ngemva kokufa kwakhe

Ngithanda ukusho amazwi ambalwa mayelana naleso sikhathi emphilweni yesigodlo, lapho imali le nabasePoland naseLithuania. Yaqala 1608, wadonsa kwaze kwaba 1610. Abode ukugqashuka ibutho elikhulu, kodwa abavikeli ngezinye izikhathi kancane. Ngalesi sikhathi wonke Lavra e Sergiev Posad Wayethandaza. Ngenxa lokulabhela the usanta Sergiya Radonezhskogo sezindela ngasinda.

Ngalesi sikhathi, izimangaliso eziningi kwenzeka, futhi naphezu inzuzo labamelene, abazalwane abazange badikibale bakholwe. amasonto ayisithupha sezindela izindonga ixoshe kusuka izibhamu, kodwa ukushaya akuphumelelanga. Khona-ke, ngokuhamba waya SAPS isitha, ngubani nazo zasiza wafohla ukuzivikela.

NokuVikelwa sezindela - ke namuhla inkomba abesilisa ababhekwa ngayo. Ngesikhathi le feat ilethe abantu abaningi ungadikibali futhi siqhubeke silwe abahlaseli.

Okukhulu kakhulu ngesikhathi sokubusa sikaPetru Laura ukuthola isihloko

Zintathu-uSergiyu Lavra ngesikhathi esifanele izikhathi abaningana ababekhonza njengababonisi uyinqaba Royals. AmaHholo - yingenxa ukuvakashelwa zawo esezivamile emakamelweni ekhethekile ezakhiwa. Lesi sakhiwo iye yahlela ikakhulukazi ngalokho kuvakasha.

Isigodlo ayecashe ukuhlubuka uPetru mina e 1682. Ngemva kweminyaka eyisikhombisa, yena waphinde waya khona, kodwa ukuze babalekele zungu. Kukulo muzi lapho babasiza yenkosi esizayo, "yomshini" emashalofini yakhe, owamsiza ukuba ubhekane nezingcindezi bakhi. Kule Isigodlo, futhi uqala indaba entsha kaPetru I.

Ngo 1742 esigodlweni sezindela wavula workshop, futhi ngemva kweminyaka emibili yezindela wathola isimo Lavra. Kusukela 1747 iqala ukwakha Church of the Smolensk Isithonjana uNina kaNkulunkulu. Lo mbuso waqhubeka ubusa kuze 1767. Isitayela isonto - Baroque, it has a ijamo oyindilinga, kanye balcony eziningi nge balustrades.

Kumiswa Sergiev Posad

Umuzi ngokwawo ukuqala laying ngisho ne 1610, lapho sezindela kwaba khona isikaniso samabutho empi. Ngesikhathi esifanayo saqala ukuvela emhlabeni nemizana kuqala. Umhlaba sezindela kwadingeka izinzuzo ezinkulu, aba nesandla ekuthuthukeni kwalo ekuthuthukiseni obuciko ukuhweba nokuchuma. Ngenxa yalokho, le ndawo wakhula, kanye ukwanda isibalo sabantu, okwaholela ekwakhekeni emzini Sergiev Posad esikhathini esizayo. Zintathu-uSergiyu Lavra ngenkuthalo kwaba nomthelela kule nkinga nezakhiwo zayo.

Ithola isihloko lezindela Lavra, futhi ukuvela ezikoleni zenkolo, bakhulise yona ibe nesimo esibalulekile. Ekuqaleni kwekhulu XVIII emhlabeni sezindela kwaba inqwaba nemizana ezinabantu abaningi. Ngo-1782, bathola igama Sergiev Posad. It usebenza ngokugcwele izidingo Isigodlo - isevisi ifika inqwaba pilgrim, ukuhweba, kamuva Hospitality, njll Konke kwakuhlangene izidingo Isigodlo .. Singasho ukuthi emzini Sergiev Posad, esifundeni eMoscow - kwaba ukuqhutshekiselwa olukhulu esigodlweni sezindela.

Lavra phakathi nokubusa abaseSoviet

Phakathi kumiswa amandla Soviet Laurus ishintshile. It ibibanjwe amafa amaningana sezindela. Ngo-1918 yesigodlo zadliwa uhulumeni, futhi ngemva konyaka eyafezwa isenzo ahlambalazayo - Ukuvulwa kwe-izinsalela Sergiya Radonezhskogo. Lo mcimbi wenza ukuba bahlangane endaweni wezindela Sergiev Posad, esifundeni eMoscow esinabantu abaningi. Iziphathimandla esisha esenziwa isandla amakholwa - akababhubhisanga amandla, kodwa nje, uvele wavula.

Ngo-November 1919 zonke izindela ka wezindela ayengezwa evicted futhi ithunyelwa Hermitage yaseGetsemane, futhi ngo-May 1920, ivaliwe ngokuphelele futhi ivaliwe.

Ukulandela lezi zenzakalo, yesigodlo babenegunya elikhulu izikhungo: Museum, futhi the club kanye ububanzi ukudubula, ngisho Pedagogical Institute. Ezinye zalezi zakhiwo ziye elalihlala abaqashile.

Eminyakeni eyalandela ngokuseduze baqhelile bamela out nzima impela. Isonto Filaret labhujiswa lapho kukhona amathuna abanye abakhethelwe okungcwele. Lesi sakamuva zaphangwa, namandla waphonswa emgodini kudoti.

Uqalise yokukhulekela kwenzeka ngo 1946 at Easter. Wabuyela ezinye izinto ezingcwele zosanta, futhi wavula sabefundisi naseminyakeni Academy. Kwakungesinye zezindela ezimbalwa ezisebenzayo ukuthi isikhathi esinzima Lobu-Orthodox.

Inkathi entsha ngemva kokuwa ye-USSR

Yiqiniso, ngemva amaSoviet ngesula kwezepolitiki, iSonto Lobu-Orthodox angeze akwazi ukuzifihla ukholo lwabo. Ngaphandle waqala ngo-1948, ukusebenza Academy kanye Seminary, okwamanje kukhona izikole ezimbili - iconographic futhi Regency. Futhi, kukhona Museum.

Baqala ngivuselele zonakale zezindela Monastery, okwathi ngemva kwalokho kwenziwe isevisi onesizotha. Ukuvuselelwa ehhotela, okuyinto manje uthi bonke abantu abaphumele ne Izinsiza.

Manje Isigodlo itholakala izindela kunamasonto angaba amakhulu amathathu, abanemithwalo ezahlukene. Lokhu, isibonelo, ukushicilela nomsebenzi isithunywa sevangeli, bangangisiza okarmlivayut iziboshwa, kanye ukuthatha izihambeli izono.

Izimangaliso kwenzeka lapha

Holy Trinity Monastery (Sergiev Posad) kuthinta zonke izimangaliso ezenzeka lapho intando kaNkulunkulu. Umxhasi Isigodlo Sergiy Radonezhsky sezixwayise kaningi lihe. Ngokokuqala ngqá kwenzeka 1408. Weza ephusheni ukuba angene esikhundleni sakhe, Nikon, futhi baxwayiswa ngengozi. Bonke abazalwane baya endaweni ephephile, futhi kube kufanele, ngoba indlu yezindela ukuthi yashiswa.

Omunye umbono ofanayo kwenzeka 1611. Wayengumuntu kathathu Kuzma Minin ngekholi ukuze abuthele ibutho bese uya khulula eMoscow.

Ukuklanywa Kwazo Nokutholakala Ukwakhiwa Isigodlo

Kuze kube manje, ukwakhiwa yesigodlo, elakhiwa e-XV-XIX eminyaka izinzuzo ezithile ngobungcweti bokwakhiwa kwezindlu Russian langaleso sikhathi. Ngokwesibonelo, Pyatnitskaya Tower ezavela 1640. It ingenye enamandla kakhulu, futhi ine izintuba ezingamashumi ayisikhombisa nesikhombisa.

Ngena Laura kungenzeka ngokusebenzisa Gate oNgcwele, elitholakala kwi-Red Gate umbhoshongo, has izintuba amahlanu nesishiyagalombili. Sami amasango wanezelwa nemidwebo ahlukahlukene ukuthi atshele ngokuphila St uSergiyu ka Radonezh.

Futhi ukwakheka ezithakazelisayo yezakhiwo iyona Church of the kukaJesu St. Ioanna Predtechi. It is ahlotshiswe isitayela baraque eMoscow futhi kuyinto enhle kakhulu ukungena imvume kuya Lavra.

Ngo 1422 yayakhiwe zintathu Cathedral behlonipha St. Sergiya Radonezhskogo. ngempela Lena isakhiwo ezithakazelisayo lapho edlulisa kwezinye izici izakhiwo ngaleso sikhathi.

Amathempelana ezisebusweni Laurel

Holy Trinity Laurus (Sergiyev Posad) lugcina eziningi amathempelana, okuyizinto ezibalulekile for Orthodox. Ake sicabangele ngayinye yalezi zinkulumo:

• izinsalela ongcwele Sergiya Radonezhskogo (etholakala lombhishobhi zintathu Lavra, cishe ngaso sonke isikhathi ngenxa yokuthi ukuthola at wezindela);
• izinsalela Antoniya Radonezhskogo (elondolozwe ku Dukhovskoi Lavra lombhishobhi);
• izinsalela Maksima Greka (agcinwe Refectory Bandla Monastery, yatholakala muva nje ngo-1996);
• Tikhvin Isithonjana UnguNina KaNkulunkulu (igcinwe esontweni lombhishobhi zintathu Lavra);
• Chernigov Isithonjana UnguNina KaNkulunkulu (ibid);
• Isithonjana St Nicholas, okuyinto kakhulu ahlonishwe (igcinwe esontweni St uSergiyu).

Siza iziguli ezine-Laura

Ngo umkhuba izifo Laura ikhambi ukuthi imithi ubiza engqondo. Ngo-Orthodox - lo monakalo nalokhu madness. Ngakho-ke, abaningi lingamlimazanga ukuza ngokomoya lapha, lapho emzini Sergiev Posad, Lavra. Otchitka kwenziwa imithandazo, lapho ifa okhethekile le kusukela ngekhulu lesine. Futhi kwenzeka amafutha okugcoba angcwele ke wafafaza iziwasho futhi engamele esiphambanweni.

Yiqiniso, iziguli ngokwabo ngesikhathi esifanayo musa ebe eziphatha ngendlela ngokwanele. Enenkinga amademoni ezihlukahlukene zomzimba womuntu okwenza abanye ukuthinta eziyinqaba. Iziguli futhi ihlaba umkhosi umsindo ezahlukene, izwi esiyinqaba, futhi croak, ukukhala, bayahleka. Ezinye iziguli zazilethwa lapha zivela kwezinye izindawo ezihlobene.

Omunye nabathile abayizanusi eziqine Sergiev Posad (Laurus) - Ubaba Herman (garlic). Ubeke impatho enjalo. By endleleni, lokhu ayilona ihlaya, futhi kungcono uma engekho. Lo mcimbi kuyingozi ngoba umuntu ongenalwazi futhi ababuthakathaka bangase yena ukuba sithathe ezinye idemoni. Khona-ke babe otchitka kudingeka kuye, futhi.

Uphi Holy Trinity St uSergiyu Lavra?

Manje ake sibone ukuthi ukuya emzini Sergiev Posad (Laurus). Ikheli ayiyona inkimbinkimbi. Itholakala esifundeni Moscow. Kukhona ungakwazi ukushayela kusuka esiteshini Yaroslavl ku izitimela, okuyinto ukulandela ngqo esiteshini oyifunayo. Lesilinganisiwe ukushayela isikhathi - isigamu sehora. Khona-ke, ngaphambi nje kokuba wezindela kusukela esiteshini sesitimela ungahamba noma omunye stop ebhasini.

Ngaphezu izitimela ukuba Sergiev Posad ibhasi elilandelayo. Baqhubeka Enea kaningi impela. Ibhasi lokuqala ihamba ngo kwehora lesithupha ekuseni wokugcina - amabili nanye ebusuku. Kusukela Sergiev Posad kuyinto ibhasi yokuqala ngehora imizuzu eyishumi ekuseni minyaka emihlanu - at ngehora lesithathu ntambama.

Ukuze travel kuwusizo kakhudlwana ngemoto edolobheni Sergiev Posad (Laurus), ibalazwe ndawo uzobe umsizi. Thenga ngaphambi lolu hambo, futhi ungakwazi kalula ukufinyelela.