Kuyini isifo sokuvuvukala kwemithambo yobuchopho? Brain useshonile: Izimpawu, Sifo

ubuchopho useshonile, izimpawu ezichazwe ngezansi, zingaphinde zivele noma ubudala. Kodwa iningi isici zokugula abadala kuka izingane. Ngokulandelayo, sithola lokho isifo sokuvuvukala kwemithambo njengoba livela namuhla, futhi yiziphi izindlela asetjentiselwa kukhomba futhi uqede ke.

Uhlolojikelele

Kuyini useshonile? Leli fomu ezincane ngaphakathi ugebhezi. Kubonakala womkhumbi igazi zobuchopho. Ezemfundo ngokushesha kwandisa. Ingxenye ayizindunduma ngakho bungasicindezela kwezicubu ezungeze noma emsipheni. Ingozi embi kunazo zonke ekuphileni uqhekeko ubuchopho useshonile. Kulokhu, lo igazi lingena zezicubu ezizungezile. Lesi simo sibizwa ngokuthi ukopha. Lezi zinkinga musa abangele ukwakheka Ubukhulu ezincane. Useshonile simo singenzeka kunoma yimuphi ingxenye yobuchopho. Nokho, njengoba umkhuba imibukiso, avame etholakala endaweni azalelwa kuyo amagatsha Umthambo. Le ndawo itholakala phakathi isizinda kanye aphansi cranial ubuchopho ndawo. Njengoba for isakhiwo, entanyeni useshonile likhona. It agcinwayo isakhiwo emithathu ungqimba kwemithambo yegazi, okwenza kube ingxenye esitebeleni kakhulu imfundo. I useshonile umzimba. ulwelwesi Nokunwebeka ke siphukile; ungqimba kwemisipha naye olahlekile. Indawo thinnest iyona Dome. Siqukethe kuphela intima semithambo. Lapha kulapho kukhona ikhefu.

zokugula Izimbangela

Izehlo ukwakheka kungaba avuse isifo ezihlukahlukene cerebrovascular. Imbangela yale zokugula kungaba kofuzo. Ikakhulukazi, kungase polycystic izinso izilonda noma ezicutshini. Nyusa izindawo elivela kuzo kwetinhlavu kanye nesifo cerebrovascular elihlobene ne kwegazi kahle. Lokhu, ikakhulukazi, azalwa naso arteriovenous malformation. Ngu izici ingqondo kufanele labizwa ngokuthi ukulimala kanye nezinye ukulimala ekhanda, izifo, umfutho wegazi ophezulu wegazi lwesimila. Imbangela yale useshonile kungaba isifo sokuqina kwemithambo yegazi - zokugula semithambo, nzima sebethule cholesterol ezindongeni. Senze isimo sishube imikhuba emibi: ukubhema, utshwala, izidakamizwa. Abanye abacwaningi bathi, ngenkathi ethatha izinto zokuvimbela inzalo temlomo kwandisa ingozi useshonile. Ezemfundo, kokuvela ngenxa ukutheleleka abizwa ngokuthi mycotic. Aneurysms ezihambisana izifo umdlavuza, ivame ukuhlotshaniswa izimila metastatic noma eyinhloko ikhanda nentamo. Ngesikhathi ukusetshenziswa nezidakamizwa kwegazi kuyaphazamiseka. Ikakhulu, i-reception njalo-cocaine nezilonda emathunjini, ubuchopho semithambo, ukuze isifo sokuvuvukala kwemithambo singenzeka.

ngezigaba

Ukwelashwa imithambo cerebral Kwenziwa ngokuhambisana uhlobo ngobucayi zokugula ukugeleza yayo. Ngokuphathelene ukuhlolwa emfundweni, khona-ke zonke izinhlobonhlobo emithathu. Uhlobo lokuqala lihlanganisa aneurysms saccular. Kubukeka sengathi esikhwameni oyindilinga ngegazi. It unamathele entanyeni noma isizinda ingxenye izitsha egatsheni noma imithambo ngqo. uhlobo Saccular kubhekwa owande kakhulu zokugula. Ibizwa nangokuthi "amajikijolo," ngenxa yokufana neka kusukela stem amajikijolo. Ngokuvamile, useshonile enjalo ivela imithambo ngasesinqeni se ubuchopho. uhlobo Saccular lemfundo itholwa isikhathi esiningi siye sitholakale kubantu abadala. Uhlobo lwesibili kubhekwa useshonile lateral. Kuyinto efanayo ukuze isimila kwenye izindonga. Isigaba sesithathu kuyinto fusiform imfundo. Kumiswa It is ngenxa ukunwetshwa odongeni semithambo kule ndawo. Kukhona izinhlangano kusigaba ngosayizi. Kushiwo abancane ububanzi engaphansi kuka 11 mm. Ngu usayizi isilinganiso aneurysms zihlanganisa ukwakhiwa 11-25 mm, ukuze giant - abangaphezu kuka-25 mm.

amaqembu ingozi

Kasibili zonke izinhlobo aneurysms kungenzeka ukudabuka kanye ukopha. Eqenjini ephezulu singabantu kwezinso ezithile azalwa nako. Kwatholakala ukuthi abesifazane useshonile itholwa kaningi kunabantu. Ngoba wonke Abantu ayizinkulungwane 10. Unyaka ngamunye-10 ukudabuka we useshonile.

Iyini ingozi yesifo?

Njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, isifo sokuvuvukala kwemithambo ukudabuka akuhileli ukopha ebuchosheni. Lokhu, izimbangela, ukuxakeka ngempela ezimbi, ezisongela ukuphila. Ikakhulukazi, CNS umonakalo, oluhambisana unhlangothi, noma ukufa. Ukuze ikhefu wokuqala kungase kulandelwe wesibili. Kulokhu, kabusha ukopha kwenzeka. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lokhu okulandelayo ingaqala aneurysms entsha. Njengomthetho, ikhefu igazi lingena isikhala phakathi ubuchopho ugebhezi amathambo. Kulokhu sikhuluma ukopha subarachnoid. Kuba nemiphumela ngempela ngokuba yingozi kwezinkolelo-iphimbo. Lesi simo libhekene zemali anda cerebrospinal fluid ku ventricles palsy, okuyinto ukwandisa bese ucindezela ku izicubu ingqondo. Kungenzeka esinye, akukho inkinga kancane esiyingozi - vasospasm. Kulokhu kuba ukuvaleka imithambo yegazi, ngenxa okuyinto izici ezibaluleke kakhulu ukugeleza ubuchopho igazi uvinjelwe. Ngenxa yokungabi bikho kwemiphumela liningi igazi e umonakalo izicubu noma ukushaywa unhlangothi.

Brain useshonile: Izimpawu

Umbhali wayevame ukunezela lokhu zokugula akusho ukuzibonakalisa. Izimpawu ze-aneurysms cerebral ziqala ukuvela uma sifinyelela usayizi esikhulu noma Ukuvutha, kona okungaholela kwenzeke ngaphansi kwesimo isidalwa esiphelele, ngemva nje ukucindezeleka ngokomzimba noma ngokomzwelo. Small, imfundo abandi angeke sihambisane nanoma yimiphi izimpawu kukho konke ukuphila komuntu. Kulesi useshonile esandayo ubuchopho, izimpawu zazo kalula kudidaniswe nezinye pathologies ngokwanele, has a ingcindezi engapheli ku izicubu nezinzwa. Isilinganiso sobudala ezigulini Kutholwe zokugula - iminyaka 30-50. Abantu abaningi bahlala ezindaweni Adalberto isikhathi eside naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi bethule isifo sokuvuvukala kwemithambo yobuchopho. Ngezimpawu zesifo zihlanganisa: ubuhlungu esweni ndawo, ukukhubazeka, ukuba ndikindiki noma ukuba buthakathaka izicubu kolunye uhlangothi ebusweni. Kuyaqapheleka futhi angaboni kahle, abafundi osuke usuvulekile.

Izimpawu useshonile ku Umthambo posterior - ukufiphala we lamatshwayo izinto, noma ukulahleka ezibukwayo ensimini ukulahlekelwa. Lapho kunqotshwa phambi imakwe ubuthakathaka lezivakashi yezingalo nemilenze aphansi. useshonile semithambo langemuva ephelezelwa neuropathy ebusweni ezinzwa paresis, ukulahlekelwa kukuzwa (eyodwa emaceleni). Futhi, kukhona umsindo eqinile ekushayweni endlebeni. Lapho Ukuvutha ubuchopho useshonile le-aorta, umuntu ezwe ubuhlungu siqhamuke nje futhi sinamandla kakhulu. Futhi uqala ukuhlanza noma isicanucanu, kukhona imisipha Intamo yayo iqina. Ithuba ngisho nokulahlekelwa ukwazi. Njengoba Bathi bona, iziguli, echaza ngalesi simo, kuba ikhanda elinkenkethayo kakhulu kungenzeka ukuphila. State libhekene umfutho kanye nokucija. Kwezinye izimo, ngaphambi ukudabuka we useshonile ngesikhathi umuntu nesixwayiso ubuhlungu ekhanda. Abakwazi izinsuku noma ngisho amasonto ngemva kokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo kwenzeke. Ukuze uthole ezinye izimpawu zokugula kuzomele sifake Isivalo kwehlisa, isimo ezishintshwe engqondo, ukukhathazeka yanda, ukubukeka nokuzwela ekukhanyeni. Ezimweni ezingavamile, isiguli angase awele equlekile. Nge kwasendaweni ubuhlungu Fronto-esemkhathini endaweni Cishe ukunqotshwa kule anterior-rockstar nobuchopho anterior, ethempelini ngemuva ekhanda - ngemuva, phakathi ugebhezi - umfula basilar. Uma kukhona ukuhlaselwa yansukuzonke ubuhlungu, kuhlangene nabanye, izimpawu ngenhla, kufanele uvakashele ngokushesha udokotela.

Ukuxilongwa izitsha cerebral: ulwazi olujwayelekile

Kwezinye izimo, lo zokugula itholwa ngengozi, ngesikhathi ucwaningo ezihlobene nezinye izifundazwe. Imiphumela yaloku kuhlola okungenhla Ukwahlukaniswa nezifo neoplastic zobuchopho. Ingabe okusezingeni eliphezulu ingozi okwanele ukopha Kutholwe imfundo. Amathuba lingaphezulu, elikhulu ubukhulu lesion. Futhi, ingozi lizoncika isimo ngokomzimba (inani), indawo useshonile. nokopha Okwalandela ukwandisa amathuba ukufa futhi zenzeka nzinyana ngaphambili. Ngokuvamile, ubuchopho useshonile, ukuphathwa ukuba kwenziwe kuphela iyunithi onguchwepheshe, itholakala inqubo breaking. Isiguli ungalahlekelwa ukwazi, waqaphelisisa sokuwa kungenzeka kokuquleka nabanesithuthwane, anisocoria, imfiva. Kumele kukhunjulwe ukuthi ukwelashwa imithambo cerebral athwalisane udokotela. Lapho lokhu kubonakaliswa uyabekezela osidinga ngokuphuthumayo ukuba zingeniswe esibhedlela. Useshonile vasospasm kungenzeka begodu kukhula endaweni ischemia, igazi uhlelo ventricular akwenza, ukubukeka hematoma intracerebral.

izindlela zocwaningo

Ukuxilongwa izitsha cerebral ivumela ukuthola ulwazi olufanele mayelana ukunqotshwa. Futhi-ke, ngesisekelo ke, imishanguzo eyanele. Njengomthetho, ucwaningo Kwenziwa emva ukopha subarachnoid. Izindlela ezilandelayo zokuxilonga:

• Angiography. Lolu hlobo lwe-X-ray luhlolo Kwenziwa isethulo ejenti ukuze kuvele umehluko. angiogram Intracerebral kungathola degree of ukuvaleka noma ukoniwa yegazi entanyeni, ikhanda, ubuchopho. Ngosizo lokucwaninga bungabonakala izinguquko emithambo yegazi noma lwemithambo, kuhlanganise ukuvela zokwakheka. Angiography isetshenziswa iziyaluyalu kwegazi. It ikuvumela ukuba ukunquma ngqo indawo, umumo kanye nosayizi kuwuphawu lwesimila noma useshonile. Angiography wenziwa amakhabethe eziklanyelwe. Ngemva izinzwa is injected umfula i-ipayipi nezimo. It ithuthukiselwa isitsha ethintekile. Ukugeleza kwegazi ikhishwe ivolumu ezithile Ngokuphambene ophansi. Ngemva ke isatshalaliswa entanyeni semithambo futhi ikhanda, ababulawa lemali edingekayo kwama-X ray.
• computed tomography. Lena sasivumela ulwazi non-koda, esheshayo nengebuhlungu indlela yokuhlola. Yisebenzise ukuhlonza khona useshonile, futhi ngesikhathi sekhefu wakhe ukunquma uma ukopha okwenzeka ebuchosheni ngesikhathi esifanayo. Ngokuvamile, ama-CT inikezwa kwasekuqaleni uma usola ukuthi imfundo naphula. -X-ray kusetshenzwe kwikhompyutha ngesimo iyimidwebo esiphambanweni-izigaba Yekhanda kanye nobuchopho. Kwezinye izimo, ngaphambi egazini CT Ngokuphambene ejenti iqondiswa. angiography enjalo inikeza isithombe lecacile kubuye kube olunemininingwane ethe xaxa. CT wenziwa egumbini ekhethekile, ifakwe imishini ezifanele.
• MRI - uhlobo locwaningo lapho zisebenzisa magnetic field nomsakazo amagagasi. Ukuqhuba MRA (magnetic resonance angiography) ivumela ukuthola isithombe enemininingwane kakhudlwana futhi ecacile imithambo. Isithombe ingabonwa Ubukhulu ezintathu, futhi ngesimo mgudumbili cross-izigaba. MRA kuyinto kobuhlungu. Lolu cwaningo kungacacisa ukuthi ukuma kanye nosayizi aneurysms unruptured, kanye ukunquma ukuthi ukopha iphutha.
• Ukuhlaziywa kwe-cerebrospinal fluid. Uma usola uqhekeko we onguchwepheshe useshonile lingabhekisela nesineke wasithatha cerebrospinal fluid. Inqubo wenziwa ngaphansi izinzwa wendawo. Nge inaliti ekhishwe isikhala subarachnoid ka nomqulu omncane material. cerebrospinal fluid is sebehlola ngoba ukopha ukopha. Ukuthatha izinto kwenziwe igumbi olukhethekile esibhedlela.

izinyathelo zokwelapha: ulwazi olujwayelekile

Akubuzwa, ukwakheka Ukuvutha ngaso sonke isikhathi. Njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, abantu bangaphila ukuphila kwakho konke nge useshonile, okuyinto kungekho indlela ukuzibonakalisa. Iziguli ezinjalo kudingeka silondoloze ukulawula Dynamics kumiswa. Kufanele kubhekwe blood pressure, kudlule yokwelapha ezifanele ngesikhathi ukuphakama cholesterol kanye aphathe (uma ikhona), imiphumela ukuhlukumezeka cranial nezifo ezithathelwanayo. Kuyadingeka ukumaka akubonisayo entsha, okuyinto kungase kuhambisane isifo sokuvuvukala kwemithambo yobuchopho. Ukwelashwa kulokhu luzohlelelwa ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka. Imiphumela yocwaningo nokuqaphelisisa zikuvumela ukukhetha amacebo ephumelela kunazo. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi zonke ukulahlekelwa uhlukile ngendlela yalo. Ukwelashwa imithambo cerebral kufanele inake indawo, uhlobo kanye nosayizi lesion. Okunye futhi okubaluleke ngokufanayo yobudala lesiguli, umlando womndeni, umlando wezempilo, nempilo jikelele. It is kunakwe futhi ingozi ukudabuka we useshonile.

kokungenela kuhlinzwa

Ukwelashwa imithambo cerebral kuleli cala bangase kwenziwe ngezindlela ezimbili. Indlela yokuqala okubizwa ngokuthi i-clip. Noma yimuphi nokuhlinzwa ubuchopho akuhileli izingozi. Wathi ukuphazamiseka pose ingozi enkulu ezigulini. Ukusebenza kwengqondo useshonile clip ye indlela "off" ingxenye ezilimele futhi kulondolozwe kwegazi ngokusebenzisa isiteshi esikhulu. Ukwakheka isifuthefuthe isiqeshana iqedwe kusakazwe igazi. Kukhona indlela ehlukile lapho isifo sokuvuvukala kwemithambo ekhishiwe. Ukusebenza embolization endovascular engenziwa kaningana phakathi nokuphila isiguli. Phakathi kokungenela we Umthambo femoral, ejenti ekhethekile ephathwa ngayo. Bagcwala isifo sokuvuvukala kwemithambo yobuchopho. Ukusebenza ezenziwe usebenzisa izidakamizwa yakamuva noma ohlobo ethe njo umonakalo. Le nqubo ibizwa okwamanje wacabangela lesichubekako kakhulu.

Kungenzeka yini ukuvimbela ukuthuthukiswa isifo?

Okwamanje, izinyathelo okwamanje ukuba athuthukiswe, ngosizo okuyinto kungenzeka ukuvimbela ukubukeka ukwandisa ubungako kumiswa. Iziguli ezingazweli ku-engozini, kudingeka ukuqapha ngokucophelela impilo yabo, ukuze bagcine umbuso kosuku, ukulawula ingcindezi, ungabhemi noma badle izidakamizwa (i-cocaine, njll). Ngaphezu kwalokho, kufanele uxhumane nodokotela wakho mayelana nokuthatha amathuluzi ezifana "aspirin" kanye neminye imikhiqizo anomthelela liquefaction yegazi. Abesifazane kufanele uthintane yingcweni ukusetshenziswa zokuvimbela inzalo ngomlomo. Lona umcimbi ezinkulu abantu abanale nezici ezithile sezivele zikhona noma ubuchopho useshonile. Ukusebenza kubhekwa ezidingekayo ngesikhathi ukukhula kakhulu imfundo okwandisa ingozi empilweni yesiguli.

Imiphumela nasesimweni sengqondo

aneurysms Unruptured engqondweni kungase kubuye ababanjwa isikhathi eside, futhi kwezinye izimo, ezimpilweni zabo. Kwezinye izimo, Ekhala of the ukwakheka kungabangela ukufa, unhlangothi noma oluhambisana vasospasm. I inkinga yokugcina iyisici main ingqondo ukufa noma ukukhubazeka ngenxa ukudabuka we useshonile. Ekhala of the ukwakheka kungabangela ikhoma, iphimbo. Futhi kungenzeka engelapheki ukulimala kobuchopho noma yesikhashana. Ukubikezela ngemva ukopha kuzoncika engu-isiguli, izici umzimba, nezinye izimo ezihlobene zezinzwa. Inani unelungiselelo lokunika kumiswa, ubukhulu, degree of ukopha, futhi ukuthi kungaba ngokuphindaphindiwe eyinhloko. Ekuhloleni nemiphumela kufanele inake yinkathi ephakathi impumuzo futhi ngqo ukopha. Iziguli abaye baphathwa imfundo unexploded kudinga isikhathi yokutakula kuneziguli wavele useshonile. Isikhathi yokuthola Kulo mBhalo, kungase kuphele amasonto ambalwa noma izinyanga. Ukuvuselelwa emuva kokuhlinzwa okufanele kwenzeke ngaphansi kweso lwezokwelapha. I amakhambi lingasetshenziswa yokwelapha yesondlo.

izinyathelo Jikelele zokuvimbela

Izifo eziningi semithambo ingavinjelwa ngokuphelele. Okokuqala nje kubalulekile ukucabangela ngokucophelela isithombe zokuphila kwakhe. Ngo izimo zokuphila kwanamuhla ngesilinganiso esanele okusezingeni eliphezulu ezidingekayo ukuze uthole isikhathi ukuphumula ngokwanele. Kulokhu thina ukhuluma ngemidlalo asebenzayo, okungcono ngaphandle. Ochwepheshe batusa ukuthi zonke izindlela kunokwenzeka ukubhekana ngokuqondile nokungawuvivinyi umzimba. Futhi okubaluleke kakhulu futhi ngemuva ngokomzwelo lomuntu. Uma kungenzeka, ukuqeda ukucindezeleka, sindisa kwengqondo. Konke lokhu Uphatha kabi isimo semithambo. Yonke imithi ukuthi udokotela, kufanele kuthathwe kuphela ngokuhambisana nesicelo kohlelo musa idlule umthamo. Ochwepheshe batusa kakhulu ukulalela umzimba wakho, musa ukuyiziba amasignali ukuthi uthumela. Uma uhlangabezana ubuhlungu bekhanda njalo kudingeka uvakashele udokotela futhi uyohlola. Kunoma ikuphi it is hhayi Kunconywa ukuba ngokuzimela ukhombe yena yimuphi izidakamizwa. Esikhathini zokugula imithambo ubuchopho ukuzelapha kungaba kungaholela emiphumeleni engathí sina, okuyisimo esisongela ukuphila. Ukushesha kuyoba Ukuvakashela udokotela, kuba lula ukuthola ukuthi kubangelwa yini lokhu noma ukuthi isimo, imishanguzo eyanele noma ukuhlinzwa. Kumele kukhunjulwe ukuthi zonke izinhlelo lomzimba oxhumene nomunye. izifo Umhlinzi kungukuthi behlukene bamazwe, okuyinto isinyathelo noma ngenxa kubangela ukuphazamiseka cerebral liningi igazi kanye nokudla. ukufinyelela esifike udokotela, futhi livela ezimweni eziningi ugwema ukukhubazeka noma ukufa.