Kuyini COM-port? Idivayisi, COM-port ukuphathwa

COM-port, noma port yomkhiqizo esibonakalayo bidirectional serial, esiklanyelwe yokushintshisana ibhayithi idatha. Ngokokuqala ngqá, ichweba esetshenziswa ukuxhuma esigungwini bese kuya imodemu, negundane. Manje-ke ngokuvamile lisetshenziselwa ukuxhuma uninterruptible ugesi futhi ukuxhumana hardware ukucutshungulwa ne-computing system uhlobo esishunyekiwe.

ukusetshenziswa

Ngakho, ngaphambi kokuba ukhulume kabanzi mayelana nokuthi i-COM-port, kumelwe abheke esidlule ukuqonda incazelo yalo. Vele 15 edlule, indlela esetshenziswa ukuxhuma amadivayisi kwikhompyutha ngama- Isixhumi okhethekile ejwayelekile esisogwini ngemuva we chassis usebenzisa ekhethekile serial RS-232 le-USB. Le ndlela has bokwenza eziningi. ikhebuli okunjalo, ngezindinganiso yesimanje, ihlinzeka aphansi kakhulu idatha isilinganiso - kilobits yikhulu ngomzuzwana. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lapho senza ukuxhumeka ka nezixhumi ukuze kuqaliswe ukuvalwa kwama-imishini, futhi banamathela nomunye esebenzisa ngezikulufo, ukuqinisekisa nokwethenjelwa, kuyilapho ubungako bawo ungowenani elikhulu.

Umlando omncane

COM-itheku elisogwini ke amakhompyutha ngokwesiko ababefaka inombolo 1 noma 2, njengoba ngokuvamile angaphezu kwamabili. Ungakwazi ukufaka izimbobo ezengeziwe uma kuphakama isidingo. Lapho ukusetha isofthiwe umsebenzisi edingekayo ukuze kugwemeke ukudideka futhi kahle bawubeka nguye uxhuma nezinto ezidingekayo. Ngamunye izilungiselelo COM-port zidinga izinga lesifanele yokudlulisela idatha, kanye nezinye izindawo eziningana lapho imingcele okuyimfihlakalo zazo wayaziwa kuphela kumbuthano ewumngcingo ongoti. Ukuze uxhume imishini ukuze uphumelele, zonke nemingcele ezidingekayo wayedinga indawo ukufunda noma ukucosha Ucwaningo, njengoba kulokhu, kwakungekho yikuphi ukucushwa othomathikhi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuxhumana nge COM-port uyakwazi yokuxhuma iyiphi isofthiwe noma yiphi impahla yangaphandle, ngisho ngempela esingalingani, yingakho e inqubo ukubeka futhi kukhona eziningi amaphutha.

yesimanjemanje

Manje uxhumano nge COM-port lwaludlula ngokuphelele ngaphezu indlela yesimanje, okuyinto akudingi ukuba ube unolwazi olukhethekile ukuze kuqaliswe, okungukuthi ngokusebenzisa USB-port. Le ndlela akububonisi zonke nemiphumela ethile engathandeki esishiwo ngaphambili. Nokho, izindinganiso zamanje kwedivayisi uxhumano zonke izinhlobo GPS-imishini futhi isofthiwe heterogeneous kakhulu kwakhiwa isikhathi eside emhlabeni nomqondo COM-namachweba ngikhiphile zakudala zamanje.

Lokhu kuhilela yokuthi ekuqaleni sanoma yisiphi imishini, kuhlanganise GPS, kwaba ngaphandle, futhi uxhumano yayo kukhompyutha ezenziwa ikhebula ye-serial exhunywe kwi esinye sezikhumulo hardware. Kusukela umsebenzisi inqubo ukumisa edingekayo ukukhetha lesifanele isivinini inombolo port nedatha translation kuso. Ngaleso sikhathi, kwakunebandla main idatha ejwayelekile kusukela GPS-umamukeli ohlelweni, manje ebizwa ngokuthi NMEA-0183. Empeleni, lesi simiso sidinga bonke onjiniyela, ngisho ne-hardware yesimanje kanye ne-software ukuxhumana ngokusebenzisa COM-port. Futhi konke lokhu lapho sibhekene lokho amakhompyutha zanamuhla, kanye ne-CPC, sekuyisikhathi eside ikakhulukazi indinganiso ye-USB. Futhi esinye isici ukuthi yamuva GPS-abamukelayo ngokwethukela waqala lufakwe ngqo ngaphakathi ebiyelwe okungukuthi ngokuphelele lingekho kwanoma iyiphi ikhebula uxhumano phakathi kwaso kudivayisi main.

Virtual COM nezimbobo

Indlela yokuphuma yasungulwa, okungukuthi ukuthuthukisa "virtual» COM-nezimbobo. It kuvela ukuthi yangaphakathi umshini ophathwa ngesandla, isibonelo, i-GPS-sewugubha eyenziwe e-software njengoba COM-port, kuyilapho labo bekungekho hardware imigomo. Kulolu hlelo, okuyinto yakhelwe interfacing ngokusebenzisa standard efanayo, mehluko kanjani lolu luyasetshenziswa. Kungase kube khona sekulingisa virtual, futhi akusho ukuthi khona ukuqaliswa hardware. Ngakho kungenzeka ukuqinisekisa ukuhambisana imodeli GPS-isofthiwe endala ne imishini yesimanje.

izinguquko

Ngesikhathi esifanayo iphathe COM-port ayikashintshi kakhulu. Umsebenzisi ubudala kumelwe enze isethaphu eziyinkimbinkimbi cishe ngesandla. Nokho, yesimanje COM-port limelela hhayi kudivayisi okukhulu kubekwa iphaneli ezingemuva iyunithi uhlelo, nedivayisi ehluke ngokuphelele. Futhi ke yonke into wukuthi kusukela iphuzu isofthiwe umbono, bonke babo babonakala ukugcwaliseka engenabuntu, okungukuthi, akukho umahluko phakathi izimbobo ebonakalayo futhi ngempela. Ukuze isofthiwe port izinombolo kuhluke kuphela ukuthi basebenza abakhiqizi PDA ukuze isisekelo okungahleliwe ngokuphelele. Ngokwesibonelo, nesamukeli ASUS ngokuvamile esisogwini COM5, futhi PocketLOOX 560 sikhombisa Isamukeli COM8. It kuvela ukuthi uhlelo ufuna ukuthola kusuka idatha GPS-umamukeli has ekuqaleni kungekho ukwaziswa okunokwethenjelwa mayelana inombolo kamazisi echwebeni elingaphansi kwalo, baye Kubhaliselwe owamukelayo okuhambisanayo kule PDA.

Kanjani kwawo wonke lo msebenzi?

Ngaso leso sikhathi, ungakwazi afeze sokucinga oku-othomathikhi inqubo inhlolovo efanelekayo enjalo konke kuyatholakala COM-nezimbobo oluphakeme alithembekile futhi ngempela nzima. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi idivayisi uboniswa uhlelo njengoba COM-port, kungaba ahlukahlukene ngempela futhi zingahlobani GPS, angaba ngempela ukuphendula lolucwaningo. Ngokwesibonelo, i-PDA kukhona amatheku elihlobene ne-yangaphakathi imodemu yeselula, nge-USB, isikhala seso lefoni, kanye nezinye izakhi. Kuwakhange uhlelo yakhelwe ukusebenza nge kudivayisi ethile, kungaholela ukusabela ezingalindelekile ngokuphelele, kanye eziyimbangela yezinkinga ezizuzwa ezihlukahlukene ngokuvamile kubangela kuthé PDA. Yingakho umzamo ukuvula COM-port kungaholela izimo ezingalindelekile up ukuvula i-Bluetooth noma isikhala seso lefoni. Futhi zingaba khona amacala usithe ngaphezulu.

Imisebenzi COM-port

Ukuze COM-port isetshenziswa njengesisekelo i indlela jikelele transceiver chip. Lokhu chip itholakala flavour eziningana: Intel 16550A, 16550, 16450, 8250. Ukuze uthole ngamunye COM-port ke yakhiwa amarejista umamukeli nedatha Lidlulisela kanye nenombolo lokulawula amarejista ukuthi lungatholakala ngokusebenzisa BIOS, i-Windows ne-MS DOS. Ngo izinguqulo chip sesinesethi isebenza ukugcina okwesikhashana idatha ngocansi futhi wathola. Nge leli khono, ungakwazi uphazamisa ukusebenza kwe-CPU kancane njalo, kanye nokudidiyela idatha izinga kokusakaza.

Amapharamitha main

kudivayisi COM-port eqala ukuba khona izici ezifana sici:

- base ikheli semikhumbi ufaka futhi outputting Imininingwane;

- inombolo hardware uphazamisa;

- usayizi one block kolwazi;

- izinga lapho idatha idluliselwa;

- ubuqotho ukuthola imodi;

- ukugeleza ukulawula indlela;

- Isibalo stop izingcezu.

Indlela hlola COM-port kwikhompyutha yakho? Yini oyibhekayo?

Njengoba kushiwo ngaphambili, lolu hlobo port iyinhlangano esibonakalayo bi Ohlangothi ngoba ukudluliswa kwedatha ezingeni kancane ngendlela engaguquki. Isici ehlukile, uma kulinganiswa nokwenu port parallel nansi kancane ukudluliswa kwedatha kancane. COM-port anatomy kangangokuthi computer angakuthandiko wedwa isebenzisa serial ukuthumela idatha indlela. Ngokwesibonelo, interface ezifana Ethernet noma USB, futhi usebenzise isimiso esifanayo, kodwa ngakho kwenzeka emlandweni ukuthi serial walibiza ejwayelekile RS232 port.

Ivame kudingeka ukuvula COM-port iyokhandwa nekhompyutha ukuhlola, ngenkathi futhi kuyadingeka ukuhlola ukusebenza. Burn isici ngoba silula. Lokhu kwenzeka ngokuvamile kakhulu okubangelwa umsebenzisi ukhiqiza okungalungile kudivayisi Ukukhipha, edonsa Isixhumi uma uxhumeke kwi-interface. Indlela elula ukuhlola ukusebenza isibononisi ukuxhuma kuyo nge igundane. Nokho, lokhu kunzima ukuthola umbono ophelele, kusukela manipulator isebenzisa uhhafu kuphela imigqa isignali ye eziyisishiyagalombili. Kuphela ukusetshenziswa plug ekhethekile futhi uvumele uhlelo ukuhlola ukusebenza. Ngenxa yale njongo selivele likhona isofthiwe ngokukhethekile athuthukile.