UMTHETHO - kungcono ... isofthiwe yokusebenza eyisisekelo. Ngu isofthiwe yohlelo zihlanganisa

Ezamakhompiyutha - nabangane bethu ekuphileni esizalwa naso eshumini lesibili. Asiza abantu nijabula kanye nomsebenzi, ukuxhumana nabangani emhlabeni wonke. Ngeshwa, bonke abasebenzisi zingahlotshaniswanga izimiso zokusebenza okwamanje nge computer.

Ikakhulu, amathuluzi asetshenziswayo ngokuvamile abacabangi ngokubaluleka ovulekile wesofthiwe. Lokhu isofthiwe uhlelo. Asho ukuthini lo mqondo futhi siyini ukubaluleka kwalezi zinhlelo? Ukudalulwa le nkinga futhi isihloko lesi sihloko. Ngaphezu kwalokho, sizocabangela wamanje isofthiwe usuku uhlelo ngezigaba.

Kuyadingeka ukuba bazi ngisho abasebenzisi abavamile, njengoba lapho ufunda izinguqulo ezithile nezihloko ezifundisayo ezikhuluma bavame ungayiqondi okushiwo kulotshiwe. Kwenzeka nje okufanayo ngenxa zokungazi amagama ezivamile. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi ngokuvamile kuba ukuhlanekezela yesono izinsiza ngisho ezikhethekile.

Isingeniso kuya

Ngokomlando, siye sasebenzisa wonke yesimiso yizigaba ezimbili:

• izicelo System (UMTHETHO - kuyisisekelo yiluphi uhlelo lokusebenza).
• izinhlelo Isicelo.

Kunenye ekilasini ezikhethekile ngokujulile isofthiwe isicelo, kodwa ekuphileni kwansuku zonke naye futhi yathola ubuchwepheshe onjiniyela kuphela.

Ukuze izinhlelo zokusebenza ukungena zihlanganisa izicelo ehhovisi, isofthiwe ngokudala nokuhlela izithombe, kanye nezinye izimali kuyiphi ngamunye wethu ukubhekana nsukuzonke. Akunzima ukuqagela ukuthi lesi sigaba yisona esikhulunywa abantu abaningi futhi eziningi.

Yini ehlanganisiwe nomqondo ovulekile wesofthiwe? Lolu hlelo eklanyelwe ukuphatha DBMS (egciniwe) eyenzelwe ukuxhumana phakathi umsebenzisi nekhompyutha (DE - ulwelwesi ingcaca), kanye izinhlelo ezikhethekile lokuqoqa futhi ngokucubungula ulwazi. ukusetshenziswa kwakamuva (ngokukhethekile) abagibele izimoto izindiza futhi ukulwa.

Abashayeli, njll

Isikhathi esining impela ukwaba uhlelo imitapo nedivayisi abashayeli inhloso yazo neze ezahlukene kusukela UMTHETHO. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ukuze ababheke eceleni kwenza akukho mqondo.

Ngakho, isofthiwe yohlelo (System Software) kungenziwa ngokuthi iqoqo izinhlelo kanye interfaces ezisetshenziswa ukulawula nekhompyutha nokuxhumana womuntu. injongo yabo eyinhloko - kumathuluzi umshini translation ukubonisa futhi sihlaziye e zijwayele ukuba sonke umbhalo noma ifomu graphic. Ukwakheka Str (Zifakwe ngokungafani Izinsiza) cishe akuxhomekile izinkinga ezithile ixazululwe ngumsebenzisi ikhompyutha.

Ekwazi ukuklama ekhaya, noma mhlawumbe usuku lonke ukuba ahlale amanethiwekhi omphakathi. Esimweni ngasinye, isofthiwe computer kuyahluka kakhulu, kuyilapho yokwakheka kuzinhlelo zokusebenza zesistimu asitholayo koshintsho.

Yini isofthiwe yohlelo

Futhi manje sihlaziya ngokuningiliziwe ukuqokwa yalolu hlobo izinhlelo. Ngakho imisebenzi yabo eyinhloko:

• Zakha kube khona isimo lapho izicelo ukusebenzisa Umbuso indawo (OS).
• Nikeza yokuncishiswa ezishintshayo ekuthuthukiseni kwezicelo ezintsha.
• Khulisa ukunemba kanye nokwethulwa ngokuyiko kwezinhlelo ukuxhumana phakathi amakhompuyutha amanethiwekhi zendawo nezomhlaba wonke.
• Xilonga (nokulungisa) ukwehluleka ezihlukahlukene izinhlelo.
• Lubhekele kokwenza imisebenzi asizayo (phezulu, kokulondoloza, ukudluliswa kwedatha).

Ngakho, akukho msebenzi khompyutha ngaphandle isofthiwe khulula bengayi, isimiso, njengoba ngisho bakudala kakhulu yesistimu yokusebenza - futhi ibanga kwezicelo onguchwepheshe. Ukugcina lezi zinhlelo kuphela ukubhekana abasebenzisi abafanelekayo, futhi nentuthuko - kuphela program engcono, ngezinye izikhathi kudingeka wazi izinhlelo umshini ulimi (Ochwepheshe enjalo emhlabeni amayunithi jikelele). Kafushane, ukudala OS yabo kuvelela nje ngeke zisebenze.

Ulwazi oluyisisekelo namakhono

Naphezu yinkimbinkimbi izinhlelo ezinjalo, ngisho abasebenzisi abavamile kudingeka siqonde ubunjalo umsebenzi wabo, njengoba kuthinta umkhiqizo ekusebenzelaneni kwabo ne-computer. Ngokwesibonelo, ngeke ukwazi mayelana nezinhlelo umsebenzi izimiso ezilawula lo mbhalo futhi ulwazi ngokufunda kusuka disk ebusweni, awukwazi ukufometha disk hard, okusekelwe uhlobo idatha uhlose uyigcine.

Njengoba sishilo kakade, isicelo kwabo ohlelweni semvelo, lokuyindlela ayishintshi lingashoni. Yingakho ukuthuthukiswa ovulekile wesofthiwe ethulwa nezimfuneko ikakhulukazi elawula.

isofthiwe Ukwahlukanisa uhlelo

Ngokwesiko kuleli kilasi yilezi ezilandelayo izinguqulo software:

• izingxenye Control.
• izingxenye Assay, ukucubungula ulwazi okuxhunyanwa.

Indlela kulula ukukuqonda, izinhlelo ukulawula ezivumelanisiwe izinqubo main ngokuvumela onke amadivayisi kusebenze kahle kwikhompyutha yakho. Imisebenzi yazo esemqoka imi kanje:

• isilawuli Direct wawo wonke amandla ukucutshungulwa uhlelo.
• Ukusebenza ngedatha adingekayo ukusebenza yayo.

Ngokuvamile, la mathuluzi njalo kumemori sekhompyutha. Ilungu umhlali amadivayisi obumba core OS. Uma ukulawula izinhlelo, okuyizinto ezidingekayo ukuze sifeze ezinye imisebenzi ebalulekile, abasindwayo ku inkumbulo ngokushesha ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa, bebizwa zokuhamba (umenziwa). Kunoma ikuphi, namuhla la mathuluzi zitholakala kuphela njengengxenye kokubili uhlelo lokusebenza abashayeli ngesimo imitapo.

Ngokuphambene, uhlelo for ngokucubungula ulwazi ukusebenzisa ngokwehlukile. Ngokuvamile, basuke ilethwa ukufakwa iphakethe kwezicelo isicelo. By the way, isifaki (Windows isifaki, isibonelo) futhi libhekisela isofthiwe yohlelo.

Enye inguqulo ye ngezigaba

Isikhathi esining impela, izazi zithi computer kufanele ihlukaniswe eziyisisekelo futhi inkonzo. Ngu base yilezo izinhlelo ezinikeza kakhulu ukusebenza ikhompyutha. Ngakho, isofthiwe uhlelo zihlanganisa:

• UQobo Amasistimu wokusebenza kubashayeli Ukwakheka kwabo.
• Izikhumba (DE) nezinye media ukusetshenziswa kwezinhlelo.
• Abaphathi yefayela.

OS njengoba iqoqo software yomthombo ovulelekile

Siyaqhubeka Ukuhlola isofthiwe uhlelo. nhlelo zokusebenzisa ziyingxenye ebalulekile yalo.

Ngokuvamile, i-OS ngokwayo kungenziwa imelelwa iqoqo izinhlelo isofthiwe banesibopho eyamukelayo, ukucubungula, nokusetshenziswa kolwazi nokulawula wonke amadivayisi uhlelo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-operating system uba "spacer" phakathi umsebenzisi nekhompyutha yakhe, ngakolunye uhlangothi, unesibopho ngangokunokwenzeka ukusetshenziswa ngempumelelo kokubili software kanye hardware ngokugcwalisa lakamuva.

Esikhathini izincwadi, uhlelo lokusebenza ubizwa nangokuthi isofthiwe eyisisekelo ohlelweni. Kungani bathatha lo amagama, sicabanga ngezansi.

Ifayela Management - umsebenzi ebalulekile UMTHETHO

abaphathi Ifayela zenzelwe ukufinyelela okulula idatha ngokomzimba disc, ukuze ubabonise ekubonakalisweni sokuqhafaza. Ngakho bangakwazi ukusebenzisa igama lefayela okunengqondo, kunokuba indawo yayo ngqo kudiski kanzima.

Okubalulekile! izinhlelo yefayela bese abaphathi ifayela ngokwabo abekho, ngoba zenzelwe izinhlelo zokusebenza ezithile futhi izixazululo izinkinga ezithile. Ngakho, ezinye izazi ziyavuma ukuthi isofthiwe yakho uhlelo futhi zihlanganisa lezi zinhlelo zokusebenza.

Kodwa kukhona ezinye amaqiniso ukuthi ukucacisa sengqondo uhlelo okunjalo ngokwesigaba ezimele amathuluzi ukuphathwa kolwazi:

• wokusebenza Abaningi (futhi isikhathi eside futhi cishe bonke) kungaba kanyekanye (!) Ukuze usebenze cishe yonke izinhlelo ifayela.
• Ezinye bakudala (kodwa namanje ezisebenza) uhlelo ongakwenza ngaphandle lezi zinhlelo zokusebenza.

Iyini inkonzo UMTHETHO

Lesi sigaba sihlanganisa izinhlelo kakhulu ukudlulisa amakhono hlelo UMTHETHO, okwenza kube sikuvumela umsebenzisi sekupheleni. Lemisebenti ingaphindze bahlukanisa, futhi uthole okuningi amaphuzu:

• Abashayeli Kudivayisi kungukuthi sibekwa uhlelo lokusebenza nganoma isiphi isigaba sayo yonke indalo yayo.
• izinhlelo Computer self-ukuxilongwa, okwenza kungabi nesidingo umsebenzisi ukuthola imbangela amaphutha nokwehluleka.
• Isimanga siwukuthi kodwa isofthiwe anti-virus futhi esifanelana kwencazelo "inkonzo". Qaphela ukuthi kwakungelula ngaso sonke isikhathi.
• Izicelo ngemoto besevisi abavumela ukuba ukopishe bese idatha yomlando, ukususa unaphakade noma ukubuyisela amafayela idatha nokwandisa inqubo ukuqopha-disc.
• Esakhelwe ngaphakathi Uhlelo eyisipele ukuze kakhulu ukunciphisa inani isikhala matasa kuwo.
• Okusetshenziswayo ukulawula inethiwekhi imithombo kanye inethiwekhi uqobo.

Ngokuvamile lesi sigaba izinhlelo ngokuthi uhlelo Tinsita. Vele uqaphele ukuthi izinhlelo unqulo wesi arab ningabizi. Namuhla, owaziwa izindlela kusukela Symantec, Touch Stone, kanye nezinye izinkampani ezinkulu letiphakela isofthiwe. Izinhlobo isofthiwe kwamanye amacala sibuyekeze, kodwa ahlale imibuzo eminingana kungalungiswanga.

UMTHETHO ukusebenza zenethiwekhi yezifiso

Njengoba leli gama lisikisela, lezi zinhlelo zokusebenza uhlelo banesibopho ukufinyelela iwebhu. Qaphela ukuthi yonke imigomo elandelayo osebenza kakhudlwana kulabo izinhlelo ezakhelwe ukwenza izenzo ezithile eziqondile (imeyli iseva ifayela iseva). Ukuvuselela isofthiwe sale oda, ngokuvamile kufanele ukuthuthukisa izinguqulo ezintsha wokusebenza.

Isihluthulelo sokuqonda umsebenzi wonke algorithm wuhlelo iseva ekhethekile ukuthi wamukela izicelo ezivela enethiwekhi ngokwayo uthumela izimpendulo. Izinsiza zenzelwe ukuthumela izicelo, ngokuthi amaklayenti. Qaphela ukuthi isicelo sithunyelwa ngesimo ngesakhiwo zifane, okuyinto evame ukubizwa ngokuthi olandelwayo. Impendulo futhi wathumela njengoba ifayela ngesakhiwo ezithile equkethe lonke ulwazi olufanele (iphakethe).

By the way, IE, Firefox, Opera ne-Google Chrome - amakhasimende efanayo, okuncike isimiso ukuthi kuphela ebekwe.

UHlelo imvelo kanye nekusetjentiswa kwetinhlelo

Lezi zinhlelo ezihlobana ngayo izindlela eziqondile, kodwa nolwazi oluyisisekelo lokuthi nabo futhi kuyadingeka, ngoba ngaphandle lokhu akunakwenzeka ukuqonda izimiso wokusebenza yesistimu yokusebenza kanye computer ngokuvamile. Badinga hhayi kuphela ukwakha, kodwa futhi ukuze lungisa futhi ukuqalisa izinhlelo zokusebenza.

Ochwepheshe bathi kule ndaba e isofthiwe yohlelo kuhlanganisa:

• Okukushoyo ukuthayipha nokuhlela umbhalo.
• Umhumushi noma umhumushi (i ngolimi olulula).
• I linker, ebizwa nangokuthi i-linker.
• Debuggers.
• imitapo Okugcwele isicelo ekukhishweni ohlelweni.

Qaphela ukuthi isicelo wadala (ngaphandle ezingavamile) ngaphansi kwanoma iziphi OS ezithile. Kodwa amathuluzi uhlelo ezakhelwe ukuthuthukisa kubo, ungasebenza uhlelo ehluke ngokuphelele (salokhu futhi kudingeka nekumitapolwazi uhlelo). Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu, ngoba abazi zingagcina Onjiniyela ekukhetheni uhlelo oluncamelayo umsebenzi.

Yiziphi abahumushi

Njengoba le ncazelo kusobala ukuthi wonke umuntu, ukubheka lolu daba kabanzi.

Lona umqondo obaluleke kakhulu libhekisela uhlelo uhumusha ulimi lokwakha izinhlelo Lokho kuyaqondakala kubantu, emshinini ulimi. Yiqiniso, ulimi umshini kungaqondakala futhi indoda, kodwa lezi ochwepheshe iyunithi emhlabeni wonke. Uhlelo ngokwalo abhalwe nganoma yiluphi ulimi lokwakha, okuthiwa umthombo mojuli. Into module ngokuthi ulwazi kwegciwane ihlanganiswe ukusetshenziswa umshini olwengeziwe. Isakhiwo lemojuli siqukethe umbhalo uhlelo isivele zihunyushelwe umshini ulimi, kanye neminye imininingwane edingekayo ukusebenza wayo elungile futhi kungasebenzi.

Zonke izicelo alesi sigaba zihlukaniswe compilers notolika. Eyokuqala ngokushesha ukuhumusha umbhalo womthombo emshinini mojuli. Umhumushi akugcini nje wenza yenethiwekhi, kodwa ke uzama ukuhlola uhlelo. Kulesi sisekelo, it has omunye ethile omkhulu: kwezinhlaka okuhamba kancane uhlelo. Yingakho besebenzisa izindlela olunjalo angaluthola kuphela phakathi izilimi elula futhi bakudala kakhulu, ezisetshenziswa ukufundisa izisekelo lwezinhlelo.

Linker, noma linker, waziphatha ukucutshungulwa into amamojuli e izinto ebhuthini. Ngamunye wabo kungaba kakade wathuthela inkumbulo futhi abulawe.

Debugger, kanye nezinye izingxenye

Senkinga wenza umsebenzi ebalulekile, njengoba kuvumela ukulawula Uhlelo ukugeleza, kanyekanye ngifuna amaphutha kuyo. Ngo sici eziyisisekelo isethi zawo zihlanganisa:

• Uzoshiya ngokusebenzisa ukulayishwa into module, nge unomphela zizalela imiphumela.
• Misa ezindaweni kusengaphambili unjiniyela.
• Uma kukhona isidingo esinjalo, senkinga ungayeka ngokuphelele kohlelo iphuzu kusengaphambili.
• Bonisa wonke eziguquguqukayo asetshenziswa.

okutholakele

Ngakho, ake afingqa. It kuvela ukuthi izinto ezilandelayo zifakwe isofthiwe yohlelo:

• Ngqo OS (operating system).
• Izikhumba (DE) kanye nemvelo hlelo kuqalisa.
• abaphathi Ifayela, nezinye ithuluzi ukuphathwa ifayela.
• Amathuluzi kanjiniyela.
• Wonke amathuluzi inethiwekhi.
• Ezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza.

Lapha sahlola isakhiwo isofthiwe yohlelo.