Kufundza ngababili kanye non-abhanqiwe ongwaqa bengakhulumi

Inkulumo Oral ibaluleke kakhulu emphakathini futhi ekuthuthukiseni abantu. ukunakwa okuningi ekutadisheni bomdabu (noma angaphandle) ngolimi kunikezwa ukukhuluma - indlela efanele yokubiza amagama of phonemes. Maningi amagama ukuthi kuhluke kuphela umsindo owodwa. Ngakho-ke, ukusebenza nezitho zokukhuluma kanye ukukhiqizwa esinengqondo esinikezwa ukunakekelwa okukhethekile.

ukukhiqizwa sound

kumiswa Sound kwenzeka ngenxa yomsebenzi engqondo futhi ngamazwi yomuntu. ama-apharathasi Voice siqukethe diaphragm, amalaka, i-epiglottis, pharynx, yephimbo, umlomo nekhala ingaphakathi, ulimi, ulwanga (soft futhi kanzima), i-alveoli, namazinyo, olimini, ezindebeni.

Ulimi nge udebe lwangezansi ezizibandakanyile emsebenzini zvukoproizvodstve. Amazinyo, ulwanga, udebe eliphezulu ahlale yekwentiwa.

Womshini imisindo (phonemes) kuhlanganisa:

• emishinini yokuphefumula - ukuphefumula,
• phonation - ukusetshenziswa amalaka kanye vocal izintambo ukudala phonemes
• ukuhambisana - umsebenzi apharathasi vocal ukuze zvukoproizvodstva.

Ezinomsindo (bengakhulumi) ongwaqa of isiRashiya

Izinhlamvu isiRashiya ncamashi 33, futhi umsindo nokunye okuningi - 42 unkamisa phonemes, ehlanganisa izwi okumsulwa - 6. Asele 36 imisindo - ongwaqa.

Ngaphakathi dalo of 16 ongwaqa kwahilela umsindo esukela yokunqoba we ngamakhala komoya kwezithiyo ezithile, iyona nokuxhumana yokukhuluma izitho.

^{[K] [n] [c] [t], [f], [x], [h], [u],} [k] [n] [c ] [m] [p], [x], [y], [br] - ongwaqa bengakhulumi.

Ukuze ufunde indlela ukunquma yamaphuzu ungwaqa umsindo buthuntu, kubalulekile ukwazi izici zabo main: ngayiphi indlela futhi lapho kwakhiwa, njengoba behileleka emphethweni vocal ekukhiqizeni kwabo konke, kungakhathaliseki palatalization lokhona ekuphimisweni khona.

Ezemfundo ongwaqa ezinomsindo

Ngo inqubo ukukhiqizwa ongwaqa abayizithulu uxhumana izitho ezihlukahlukene we-apharathasi inkulumo. Abakwazi interlock omunye nomunye ukwakha igebe.

ongwaqa bengakhulumi akhiqizwa lapho ngamakhala komoya Onqobayo nalezi zingqinamba. Kuye uhlobo izithiyo phonemes abayizithulu zihlukaniswe zibe:

• occlusives alufakwa ^{[k, n, m,} q, n, m];
• occlusives slot (affricate) [n, ^b];
• slotted (fricative) ^{[c, f, x ,, w ,,} c, f, s, w].

Kuye izindawo lapho akha izithiyo phakathi phonemes abayizithulu ababonakali ngezikhundla:

• bilabial ^[n, n];
• labio-zamazinyo ^{[f ,,} f];
• apicals ngezinyo ^[s, s, ^t, m, n];
• apicals palatal-ngezinyo ^{[h, u ,,} w];
• velar guttural ^{[k, x} k, x].

emphethweni Vocal zihlale isimo ekhululekile lapho ongwaqa bengakhulumi kukhiqizwa. Voice ayakhekanga, le phoneme sakhiwa umsindo okumsulwa.

Palatalization futhi velarization

phonemes ezinomsindo ihlukaniswa ngokweminyaka degree of ukungezwani phakathi no limi. Lapho ngokuhamba kanzima ulwanga zvukoproizvodstva ukuthi siphakamise phambili phakathi kolimi, ozalwa palatalized ungwaqa (esithambile) thud. Velyarizovannye (okuqinile) phonemes akhiqizwa oqeda ulimi ngemuva ulwanga esithambile.

6 ezinomsindo 6 phonemes esithambile noma esiqinile abayizithulu zenza ngazimbili, ngababili asele akudingeki.

Kufundza ngababili ongwaqa bengakhulumi - ^[k, - k], [t ^- n] ^[c, - c] ^[t - T], ^[f, - f] ^[x - s]; [C, ^h, w, ^u,] - ayibhangqiwe bengakhulumi ongwaqa.

ukuhambisana

Inhlanganisela wonke umsebenzi kwezitho ngazinye apharathasi inkulumo ehilelekile yokubiza phonemes libizwa ukuhambisana.

Ngakho-ke yayiqondakala, kumelwe sikwazi ukuba amemezele ngokucacile imisindvo, emagama, imisho. Lokhu kudinga ukuqeqesha apharathasi yakho vocal, ukuzijayeza yokubiza phonemes.

Uma uqonde ukuthi ongwaqa abayizithulu akhiqizwa, ukulibiza kahle, ingane noma umuntu omdala lungaphezu ngokushesha ifa inkulumo.

Umsindo [k - ^k, x - ^x,]

ekupheleni Lower olimi, kancane push phezu amazinyo mandibular. Umlomo kancane evulekile. Phakamisa ngemuva ulimi ukuze kuziwa ukuxhumana ephakanyiswe umngcele zone olwangeni soft futhi kanzima. Ngu abukhali umoya emoyeni kuyalinqoba isithiyo - [k].

Nestle ulimi ekupheleni ukuze amazinyo angaphambili aphansi. emuva Ephakathi futhi yolimi bebambisana nge esifundeni maphakathi no-ngemuva ulwanga kanzima. Exhale - ^[k].

Esikhathini ukukhiqizwa phonemes [x - ^x] nezitho zokukhuluma ahlelwe ngendlela efanayo. Kuphela phakathi kwawo ihlala ungazikhonzi futhi inqamuke.

Umsindo [t - ^n]

izindebe Ivaliwe, ulimi ikhefu amanga, ichopho push yakhe kancane kusukela amazinyo ephansi. Exhale. I amakhefu emoyeni jet ngokusebenzisa izindebe - [n].

Izindebe zitholakala kanye. Ukuphela cindezela ulimi ukuze amazinyo mandibular. Ukuze ulwanga okuqinile phakamisa phakathi ulimi. Air push abukhali lip isithiyo unqobe - ^[n].

Umsindo [c - ^c]

Yelula izindebe, namazinyo cishe ivaliwe. Ukuphela ulimi uthinte namazinyo phambi umhlathi ongezansi. Bend ulimi, nokuvusa emuva isilinganiso kunambitheka. imiphetho yayo lateral kuthiwa sicindezelwe ngokumelene engenhla namazinyo nut. Ukugeleza emoyeni sidlula inkatho kwakheka phakathi ulimi. Ukunqoba igebe phakathi lwaleli alveolar kanye phambi backrest ulimi - [s].

Phoneme ^[s] uphinyiswa efanayo. phakathi ulimi kuphela liphuma phambili ephakeme kanye eside buckles (inkatho ubalekela).

Umsindo [t - ^t]

umlomo kancane evulekile. ulimi ekuphumuleni e ekupheleni amazinyo elingenhla emhlathini, ukwakha umnsalo. I jet imhlwithe ngamakhala emoyeni amakhefu ngokusebenzisa isithiyo - [t].

Isikhundla izindebe uyefana. Ithiphu olimi basingatha amazinyo ephansi. Ngaphambili ingxenye ulimi ngokuthinta engenhla lwaleli alveolar, ukudala umnsalo. Ngaphansi yokucindezela jet emoyeni onqotshwa isithiyo - ^[t].

Umsindo [f - ^f]

udebe lwangezansi draw kancane futhi wanamathela amazinyo akhe engenhla. Phakamisa ngemuva ulimi ngemuva ulwanga esithambile. On umoya emoyeni sidlula flat umqhewu kwakhiwa lip namazinyo - [f].

Izindebe namazinyo endaweni efanayo. Ithiphu olimi ukuhambisa kuze kube amazinyo ephansi. Ephakathi ingxenye ulimi kunambitheka ukuthi siphakamise. Ukuhamba lingena igebe labio-kwamazinyo - ^[f].

Sound [n]

Sound ikhiqizwa ngezigaba ezimbili:

1. Yelula a izindebe kancane ezihambisanayo. Ukuphela Ulimi aminyene ukuze amazinyo angaphambili aphansi. Phakamisa phambili ingxenye ulimi, kokuba ivalwe ulwanga kanzima (nje ngemuva arc alveolar).
2. Umoya agelezela ngalo ingaphakathi ngomlomo. Ulimi kancane izimisele - maphakathi ingxenye kuyadamba, ephansi emuva, ohlangothini imiphetho yayicindezele amazinyo nut. Bow iguqulwe zibe umqhewu futhi emoyeni ngokulambisa - [n].

Sound ^[h]

phoneme Ezemfundo siqukethe izigaba ezimbili:

1. Kancane round futhi ibenze izindebe. Ukuphela kanye phambi ingxenye ulimi ninamathele ulwanga okuqinile futhi lwaleli alveolar, ukudala isithiyo.
2. Push emoyeni: esizeni ubuhlobo obuphakathi kwabo ulimi futhi kunzima ukuba ulwanga etholakala umqhewu. Ngesikhathi esifanayo kubalulekile ukuthi siphakamise phakathi ulimi - ^[h].

Umsindo [w]

Okuyindingiliza kancane lip ukusunduza. imfundo yolimi ukuthi siphakamise ekupheleni kwesivisiso emincane ulwanga futhi lwaleli alveolar (slot 1st). Yeqa phakathi ulimi, siphakamise kwesigaba ezingemuva (slot 2nd). Cindezela ichopho ukuhlafuna amazinyo, ukwakha isitsha. Ngomusa exhale - [w].

Umsindo ^[w]

Izindebe kancane futhi ibenze round. Ukuphela Ulimi ifike lwaleli alveolar, engabambeleli ukuhlala inesikhala. Ulimi lift a ulwanga okuqinile (ngaphandle ohlangothini front) uyakuveza ukuthi bayasondela kule engenhla emhlathini molars. Exhale kancane. Emaphakathi ingxenye ulimi liyashona, udala umshushuluzo lapho ukusakaza emoyeni. nalesitako Ulimi - ^[u].

Ukusakaza inkulumo bengakhulumi ongwaqa ehlangana nabanye phonemes (onkamisa nongwaqa). Uma, ngemva phonemes ezinomsindo kulandela unkamisa, izindebe ukuthatha isikhundla ngenxa ukuhambisana lakamuva.

Ukuqhathanisa bengakhulumi esinomsindo phonemes lizwakalise

Izingcingo kukhona phonemes emfundweni ehilela kokubili ngezwi kanye nomsindo (the Liyanqoba yokugcina). Ezinye imisindo lizwakalise zibhangqwe kubantu abayizithulu.

Ngababili bengakhulumi ongwaqa kanye lizwakalise: [k - i] ^[k - ^g] [n - b], ^[n - ^b], [t - d], ^[t - ^d], [ s - h] [a ^{- z],} [f - e], [f ^{- e],} [u - x].

Ayibhangqiwe lizwakalise nongwaqa unvoiced:

• [D, ^{l, m, n, p,} l, m, n, p] - uzwakalise (sonorant);
• ^{[X, h, w,} x, y] - abayizithulu ezinomsindo.

Isikhundla phonemes ezinomsindo izincwadi

Ikhono ukubhala kahle kubaluleke kunokukhuluma. ebhaliwe ulimi buciko lihlotshaniswa nobunzima nakakhulu, njengoba kungenzeka abanye imisindo ephepheni zilotshwe izinhlamvu ezahlukene noma inhlanganisela yezinhlamvu.

ongwaqa bengakhulumi ngokubhala izincwadi ezifanayo ithunyelwa, uma enendawo eqinile.

Ngokusho voicelessness-Ezwakalisa: ngaphambi unkamisa, sonorant ungwaqa, [e - ^ku], kwezinye ezinomsindo (kusebenza abayizithulu abhanqiwe!).

Ngu ubulukhuni-umsungulo: ngaphambi unkamisa [b, m, r, k, n, ^x, b, ^{m, r, k, n, x,]} - imisindo [s, ^s, t, ^m], ekupheleni izwi.

Kwezinye izimo, ukucacisa incwadi lesifanele (noma inhlanganisela yezinhlamvu) ukuze phonemes bengakhulumi ungwaqa kuyadingeka ukusebenzisa imithetho ethile isiRashiya. Futhi ngezinye izikhathi nje kudingeka sikhumbule la efanele ukupelwa kwamagama (silulumagama).