Kokuhlukana Ontogenetic. Izizathu futhi ukubaluleka

Indlela ukusinda ezinye zezinhlanzi buthaka ezimweni ezinzima kwemvelo? Ukuze ziphile ezakhini zabo zofuzo ihlanganiswe indlela yokufunda ukuphila nesimo esithile, okungukuthi, ukushintsha izakhiwo zabo ngaphansi isenzo amandla emvelo, ezifana lokushisa, ovunguzayo, ilanga.

Uhlelo zofuzo inquma kumiswa uvemvane kusuka egobolondweni futhi omdala izinhlanzi kusuka ukuthuthukiswa amaqanda amancane. Ngalesi ukuthuthukiswa eside kuzo zonke endogenous futhi izici exogenous sizothinta phenotype yomuntu.

Lena ukushintshashintsha zentuthuko. Izibonelo ke akupheli ngokwemvelo. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi baqonde ukuthi ahlelwe lithathelwe.

Variability eziphilayo. kokuhlukana izinhlobo

Isayensi olusemthethweni, kukhona into okuthiwa ukushintshashintsha. It kunquma ukuthi lonke umzimba omdala lezibonakaliso bethola ngokuhamba sokuthuthuka. Variability ngokuvamile - yikhono oraganizma ukuthola izakhiwo ezintsha.

Hlukanisa emkhatsini kokuhlukana zofuzo-non-zofuzo. Nongenetic asithinti kwezakhi zofuzo. Izinguquko zenzeka kuphela ngaphakathi evamile yokusabela. Okungukuthi, abangabantwana phenotype kuyahlukahluka esiningi njengoba ivumela genotype. kokuhlukana Non-izakhi zofuzo ukuguqulwa kanye zentuthuko. A zokugcina ezahlukene ubizwa nangokuthi kokuhlukana epigenetic.

kokuhlukana ontogenetic

Ngamunye umzimba ukwakha izigaba. Kuyo esiteji ngamunye ehlaselwe izici ezihlukahlukene kwemvelo ku imvelo yakhe. Phela, zonke izidalwa eziphilayo nokuguquguquka todvwa bengayi. Futhi ngenxa umthelela izici ezihlukahlukene umzimba ozuza izici ezintsha.

kokuhlukana Ontogenetic itholakala empambana kokuhlukana zofuzo-non-zofuzo. Ngendlela Engafani futhi ibizwa nangokuthi i kokuhlukana epigenetic. Kungani becabanga kanjalo? Lolu hlobo ukushintshashintsha lihlukile abanye ukuthi izimpawu ezintsha ziyavela futhi ngenxa yalokho izinhlelo esingokwemvelo zofuzo, futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo ngenxa izici exogenous. Hhayi ukuba izinhlelo ezinjalo, nemvelo kwakuzodingeka sibheke izidalwa eziningi eziphilayo zaqedwa nyá.

Umqondo ontogeny

Kuyini ontogeny? Lo mqondo - omunye izifundo eziyisisekelo eziphilayo. Ukuze uqonde kangcono lokho kokuhlukana ontogenetic, odinga ukukwazi mayelana inqubo ontogenesis. Empeleni, ososayensi baye baphawula umbono kokuhlukana ngesisekelo le nqubo.

Ontogenesis - ukuthuthukiswa Process kusukela uqala ukwenziwa kuze lokuzalwa. Kulula umkhondo loluhlelo isibonelo uvemvane. Ekuqaleni isibungu ozalwa (Fig. 1) kwakheka therefrom unodoli (Fig. 2, 3), okuyilona elisebenzayo futhi ukuphila umjikelezo. Futhi kusukela isiphungumangathi omdala izimpukane - uvemvane. Ontogenez futhi eyinqaba futhi izitshalo.

Konke okwenzeka zygote (esibelethweni avundiswa) ukuqedela kumiswa isilwane noma wobuntu, kungenziwa wafunda nokuhlaziwa.

Izibonelo zemvelo

Izimbangela kokuhlukana zentuthuko, esekelwe ngenhla - iyona izimo zemvelo izici genotype. Genotype - ifomula elawula zonke ushintsho.

Kanjani ukulawula kokuhlukana we genotype? umsebenzi Genotype abantu reguliret zezakhi zofuzo ezithile "Ukuvula" kwenkathi ethile yentuthuko. Ngefa umzimba ethile akuyona ngokwayo uphawu, futhi uhlobo yokusabela kuya umthelela izindawo ezithile. Lona ngumthetho endalo, lawo ofukamela isihluthulelo sokuqonda lokhu inqubo njengoba ukushintshashintsha zentuthuko. Izibonelo ukushintshashintsha abanjalo ukuba bathole emazweni ahlukahlukene futhi amazwekazi. kokuhlukana ezinjalo kuyisici sobuntu nezilwane nezinambuzane, umbuso zemifino.

Track kushintsha umbala nokuma kwesikhumba we Andes iselesele eziphilayo e-Ecuador. ukuguqulwa kwalo ngesikhathi ontogenesis - Classic "ifomula" kokuhlukana ontogenetic ngokwemvelo.

Toad Little ayinakho uhlevane kanye umzimba kanye nabantu abadala, njengoba sibona, ezinhlangothini a Ukwakha-up. Iselesele isikhumba kushintsha umbala coppery onsundu ngaphansi; futhi umbala iris we okukhanyayo kuba orange coppery.

kokuhlukana Inani

Ontogenetic kokuhlukana ukubaluleka zasendle - ikakhulukazi lithathelwe ngamunye. I onaa kangcono, kulapho zhiznesposbnosti zilwane in the izimo zemvelo. Enye incazelo kokuhlukana - ezihlukahlukene phenotypes. umuntu ngamunye unomthwalo, sibonga kokuhlukana izici ngamunye.

Ngokwenza ngcono lithathelwe ivela lonke uhlobo. Nakuba Yiqiniso, lezi zinguquko zenza kancane kakhulu.