Kanjani ukubala ndawo ubuso ipayipi

Igama elithi "tube surface area" Yiqiniso-geometry iba ezibalulekile ngesikhathi sokufaka nokwakhiwa. Ilebula upende namakani yakhiwa Imininingwane ngokuqondile noma ngokungaqondile mayelana ukusetshenziswa impahla ngayinye 1 imitha square surface.

Ukubalwa ebusweni quadrature we phansi, izindonga futhi iminyango wenziwa siphindaphindeka ubude by ububanzi into. Ukulinganisa ubukhulu itheyiphu amakamelo ukunikeza ukwaziswa okuwusizo master Computing.

Kodwa ngaphandle evele letingemadayimenshini inethiwekhi ekhaya wafingqa amanzi, ukushisa kanye negesi. Nquma imisebenzi ngezimali ngaphansi kwegama "Umdwebo amapayipi" ngeke ukubala surface area.

Lapho ukusebenzisa izakhi metallic ngakuthathu

I-Russian ipayipi esikhiqiza amakilasi ayisithupha:

isigaba umkhiqizo	sphere kwesicelo
1	Ezokuthutha yamanzi kanye negesi ngomfutho ongaphakeme. Ukukhiqizwa izakhiwo asizayo ngo ukwakhiwa.
2	Ethutha igesi futhi amanzi anomfutho ophakeme futhi ingcindezi ongaphakeme
3	Ebophela emvinini lokubolekwa imodi wokusebenza ashisa kakhulu kanye ingcindezi
4	Izinketho Drilling yokumba emkhakheni kawoyela
5	Ukunikeza teluhlaka izimoto, izinqola, Cranes
6	izingxenye billet umkhakha ubunjiniyela: abamukelayo, amabombo, isilinda injectors.

Ukukhiqizwa kwemikhiqizo metal and plastic, ukhonkolo kanye PVC. Lapho amaphesenti angu-90 izinto Kokuhlukahluka ubunjiniyela ekudizayinele ukudlula amanzi, igesi ukushisa of okuhlinza wenza eRussia futhi. Metal kudinga isivikelo ukugqwala. Ukuze ukubala inani enamathela ovikelayo kukhona ukubala we ndawo ubuso tube.

Isicelo ukubala ifomula

Ulwazi mayelana squaring ebusweni elingaphandle bobunjwa isiyingi ziyadingeka abaklami, ubuningi abahloli, ze nabakhandi ezivimbayo futhi ukulungisa imishini, isibonelo, lokha nawurarulula imiraro:

1. Ububanzi ezishisayo amandla isakhiwo "izibuya efudumele" noma radiators.

2. umzimba ulahlekelwe ngesikhathi ezokuthutha kusukela iphuzu kwezidingo zokuxhumana komngcele.

3. Isibalo izindleko yokuvikela ukugqwala metal. izakhi Wendlovu camera ngopende bituminous futhi ukuvenisha. Ukubala esiqondile endaweni ngeke kuvimbele kabi upende.

4. Inombolo futhi ukubaluleka kokwaziswa olubamba ukushisa. Ngokwesibonelo, ibanga ukusuka ezininginingi kuya CHP izindlu zokuhlala kuyinto 2 amakhilomitha. Ubude nelokishi - amakhilomitha amathathu. Ubude 5 amakhilomitha backbone amanethiwekhi adinga ukwahlukanisa. Le ndawo izobalwa ngaphandle nezindleko Wasted ezezimali ukuthengwa amaminerali uvolo, fiberglass futhi aluminium ucwecwe.

Ngaphakathi ipayipi akuyona umbala musa ukuhlukanisa. Kodwa ukwazi endaweni yangaphakathi kuyadingeka ukubala Isivinini amanzi. The main amanzi ipayipi ububanzi 1.4 m amanzi ukuhlikihla odongeni kwangaphakathi kungaba dengwane. Kodwa ku-izakhiwo kanye ububanzi 20-30 cm emva kweminyaka 10 wokusebenza, fixed ezifakwa kasawoti. Corrosion siba sibi isimo kwezindonga engaphakathi, izinga kwamanzi kuyehla.

umklamo cylindrical

Ajwayelekile ukubukeka ngezinyawo - a cylinder ne ubukhulu efanayo ekuqaleni nesiphetho. Ukubalwa endaweni ebusweni ipayipi for Umdwebo futhi zihlale zifudumele achithwa banqunywa ngokusahwa ngokwengqondo kanye isakhiwo, sithola isikwele nge nemingcele ezilandelayo:

T - obuphelele sibalo, ulingana nobude umkhiqizo.

W - ububanzi izibalo, alinganayo circumferential obuphelele Linings.

Ubude is, walinganisa ububanzi D iphawulwa ongenakucimeka wokulingwa inki ipayipi noma ekugcineni inhlamba.

Obungazungeza isilinda ibalwa ngokuvele azalane ububanzi D ye- "Pi" njalo. Isibalo "Pi" izokhuluma ezindaweni ezinhlanu idesimali 3,14159. Sithola indawo P tube cylindrical.

P = T W *

P = 3,14159 * D * T

Ukuze umugqa ubude 5 km kanti ububanzi 1.0 m kudingeka ukupenda endaweni

3,14159 * 1,0 * 5000 = 15708 sq.m.

Umfundi nesithakazelo ungakha uphawu electronic uhlelo EXCEL ukubala indawo umbala amapayipi, ukuze uthole njalo wokubala.

Imininingwane ngesimo Isigaxa ufushanisiwe

Inqawe azisetshenziselwa isiyingi cross-section, kodwa, aboncamane nofana okwegobolondo cross-section. Ubukhulu komunye umkhawulo zingahluka kusuka kwemigomo ekupheleni lesibili, isibonelo, ipayipi ngesimo Isigaxa ufushanisiwe. Isibonelo Isigaxa ufushanisiwe kubonakala ebhakedeni evamile. Ngezansi ubukhulu lincane ubukhulu phezulu ebhakedeni.

Isayensi geometry futhi lapha luyangenela. Ifomula indinganiso ndawo ubuso tube ngesimo Isigaxa ufushanisiwe simiswe ngalendlela lelandzelako:

P = 3.14159 * (P + P) * T, lapho

N - wayefisa surface area;

R - lo engaba ububanzi emikhulu;

r - lo engaba ubukhulu ezincane;

T - ubude umkhiqizo.

Ububanzi - uhhafu ububanzi. Khumbula ukuthi enisemikhawulweni nekukumakwa itholakala.

Ake komsele wenza imingcele egcizelele F = 1.0 m futhi p = 0.8 m. Ubude 1 km kuzothatha. Khona-ke yangaphandle ipayipi surface area ilingana:

P _n = * 3.1415 (1.0 + 0.8) * 1000 = 2827 sq.m.

Ebusweni engaphakathi ingxenye

ubukhulu Kwangaphakathi imakwe ngesikhathi ingxenye ukuphela. In the ukungabikho isitshalo tags ngaphakathi ubukhulu "B" ipayipi ubalwa kusetshenziswa ifomula:

B = D - 2 * C, lapho C - odongeni ukujiya.

Ngaphezu kwalokho ukubala tube kwangaphakathi surface area Kwenziwa ifomula eyaziwa kakade, kodwa kunokuba usebenzise ipharamitha D ipharamitha "B".

P _e = 3,1415 * B * T

Uma sibuyela esibonelweni ngenhla isilinda. Amapharamitha Akwaziwa engeza udonga ukujiya C = 0.1m. Khona-ke, endaweni ebusweni Isigaxa bangaphakathi

P _e = 3.14159 * (1.0 - 0,1 * 2) * 5000 = 12566 sq.m.

ukushisa nokugcinwa

Kufutfumeta ukushisa amapayipi kunciphisa ukushisa ukulahlekelwa hhayi kuphela umugqa emaphakathi, kodwa futhi egumbini ngobuningi lapho isifunda phakathi kubhayela futhi amakamelo ophilayo sidlula amakamelo ezibandayo asizayo.

heater umehluko conductivity ezishisayo kanye indlela yokufaka kudinga ukukhetha ucabangela isayithi ukufakwa kanye izakhiwo ezibonakalayo. Abakhiqizi zinikeza izinhlobo eziningana izici ukwahlukanisa:

• uvolo e ukusika imiqulu; Ngemva evala emhlabeni ipayipi futhi some wire ukufihla phezulu aluminium ucwecwe noma ukufulela wazizwa;
• basalt uvolo e amapuleti; ukukhweza yobuchwepheshe obufana ingilazi;
• tube nezimo eyenziwe foamed polyethylene ucwecwe nge umqhewu eduze sihloko lokukhuphula; esetshenziselwa inethiwekhi yobunjiniyela;
• ukwahlukanisa ketshezi lisetshenzisiwe amapayipi esesibekiwe uma kungekho isikhala iqhinga nezinye izinto.
• Foam njengoba halves ezimbili detachable ipayipi; lapho obandayo igobolondo neengcezu ezibekwe phezu tube, ahambelana futhi ivikelwe nge ukwakhiwa itheyiphu; ukwahlukanisa Foam Wayisebenzisa kaningi le nkulumo.

Indawo enamathela impahla incike ukujiya ukwahlukanisa. Formula ukwahlukanisa surface area kulokhu kanje:

P = 3,14159 * A * T * K, lapho

D - ngaphandle ubukhulu ipayipi;

T - ubude tube;

K - kwenombolo ukulungiswa isici ngoba ukushuba we ukwahlukanisa.

Ukuze abale endaweni heater yakhelwe ukwakhiwa yokubala.

Dye tube

On Ivolumu ukupenda ku ipayipi lensimbi _ukuthola ukwahlukanisa by ifomula

Mayelana _k = P * Y, lapho

Mayelana _ukuze - nenani upende;

N - ndawo ubuso ipayipi;

Y - ethize ukugeleza rate ye upende ebusweni 1 imitha square (ukuthatha ukupenda ilebula).

Ukusetshenziswa likayinki likhethelwe metal evele esekelwe inani izingqimba isicelo.

Kwakheka umbono ukuthi ulwazi - yilokhu ishiywa asekhanda lakhe ngemva lofundziwe ukhohlwe. Kumnandi ukukhumbula futhi zisebenza lwati lolutfolakele esikoleni. Umbhali unethemba lokuthi abafundi isihloko ziyozuza futhi sithuthukise isimo semizwa yakho.