Kanjani ukubala isimo sociometric?

Technique, olwasungulwa Dzhekob Levi Moreno, esetshenziselwa sitholakele intergroup kanye ubudlelwane obufanele, kungasiza setha isimo sociometric, ukushintsha, ukuthuthukisa kanye ngcono la ubudlelwane. Sociometry Kusinikeza nethuba ukufunda typology yokuziphatha kwabantu emphakathini, ukuze nahlulele kwedivayisi zenhlalo nezengqondo lwabantu umsebenzi iqembu.

Emihle noma emibi isimo sociometric - ibonisa izici zobuntu, oyingxenye ye isakhiwo sociometric futhi ithatha lapho umbono othile ngekwendzawo (okwehlukile - Locus). Lokhu kusho ukuthi ihlaziya inani izintandokazi ukunqatshelwa ukuthi singobani etholakele kubantu ababezizungezile. I izakhiwo isakhiwo iqembu inikezwa element ngayinye, kodwa engalingani kakhulu, futhi ngaleyo ndlela ngenxa Luhlatiyo maqondana ngamunye kukalwa futhi okhonjiswe inombolo. Lona Inkomba isimo sociometric. Ngokwesibonelo Ukubalwa sinikezwa lesi sihloko.

Izinhloso sociometry

sociometric inqubo ukulinganiswa kuyabaveza degree of dissociation nokubumbana eqenjini, futhi ukucacisa isikhundla ngomqondo sociometric isilinganiso igunya ngesisekelo akuthandayo nangakuthandi. Ngakho, futhi ngezinye izingongolo ezahlukene abantu abanikwe isimo sociometric, njengemoto umholi noma sokulahlwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, phakathi iqembu ofuna ukuthola subsystem, basisiza kakhulu imfundo ezinye, nakho kungase kube kuhle abaholi babo ngokwethukela. Imisebenzi ngaphansi mbono kusiza ukwenza nesilinganiso abaholi igunya - kanye loluhlelekile nalolungakahleleki, ukuba ngaleso sikhathi bawahlanganise amaqembu ntu ukwehlisa abantu imimoya isiqhema kubangelwa ukungathandi abantu, ngokuvamile mutual.

isimo Sociometric kunqunywa namakhono athile, eyenziwa neqembu. Akuthathi isikhathi eside, eside impela ngekota yehora, kodwa kuletha eziningi izinzuzo. imiklamo okuhle Ikakhulukazi ocwaningweni isicelo, okuyinto abasebenza ngcono ubudlelwane.

Ukusungulwa kwesimo sociometric akusho ukuthi zonke izinkinga ziyoxazululwa ngobusuku obubodwa, yebo, lena akuyona indlela olukhulu ukususa naphakathi-voltages. Futhi isizathu kubalulekile ukubheka ijule ngokungaphezulu, hhayi ukuthandwa ngabanye kanye ukungathandwa yaso. Ingabe lezi zinkinga kakhulu imithombo enkulu kakhulu kufihlwe. inqubo Ukuthembeka sociometric kuncike ngokuyinhloko le eqondile nenqubo yokukhetha kanye okushiwo uhlelo ucwaningo lwabo, futhi ujwayele ngaphambi nge imininingwane yalolu ubuhlobo eqenjini.

inqubo sociometric

Isikimu jikelele isinyathelo zimi kanje: Okokuqala, ukubeka cwaningo yenkinga futhi ekhethiwe nesilinganiso izinto, bese bahlanganise imicabango kanye nezinhlinzeko ku nendlela inhlolovo lwelungu eqenjini ngalinye. Kwamagama inqubo sociometric ayiboniswa, kusukela kulokhu nesilinganiso ngeke kube umphumela oyifunayo. umcwaningi imfuneko ukudalula abazithandayo nabangazithandi ngokukhethekile, qiniseka ugqozi abaningi okwaxoxwa nabo kukhona nobunzima yangaphakathi hhayi kuphela, kodwa futhi ukuthi akathandi abukhali ukuze iqhaza lolucwaningo.

Lawa izici isimo sociometric ekolishi yobudala izilaleli, kusukela zesikole. Lapha-ke kungcono ukusebenzisa uhlobo amakhadi, eyayibhalwe imibuzo akhethiwe kanye nenqubo, noma ukuhlela i interview inhlolovo uhlobo ngomlomo. Lesi sakamuva ikakhulukazi kahle uma isifundo ahlelwe ukukala isimo sociometric eqenjini elincane.

I-oda we inhlolovo

Imibuzo ephendulwa ilungu leqembu ngalinye, ngokukhetha, kuye ngokuthi ukuthambekela ofunda ezithile, simo kubo bakhetha ngokuziqhathanisa nabanye. The main umbandela - ukuthandwa yabo nabangazithandi, nokudikibala, noma ithemba, njalo njalo. Imibuzo kufanele kukhethwe ukuze kokubili kungenza kube lula ukuthola isilinganiso omunye komunye, ukuze umholi, umholi ngokwethukela, okungekhona iqembu ngasizathu simbe alamukeli. Experimenter funda imibuzo emibili ngaphansi incwadi le a) no b), khona-ke ummangalelwa unika ticondziso. Kufanele ubhale uhlu zabo amagama amathathu.

Ngaphansi sibalo wokuqala - indoda angakhetha kwasekuqaleni, ngaphansi yesibili - indoda angakhetha ukuthi babenabo yini kuqala kanti eyesithathu - nalowo owayeyoba ukuthatha indawo, musa ngowokuqala ezimbili. Imibuzo ngaphansi izinhlamvu zingenziwa phezulu ngokuthanda kwakho, kuye ngokuthi isimo. Ngokwesibonelo, uma izici kulinganiswa isimo sociometric ekolishi yobudala izingane, ngezinye izikhathi ingaba umthombo:

• Yikuphi band bomshado, ubungeke ucelwe ukusiza ukulungiselela ukuhlolwa? (Igama lokuqala, kwesibili, kwesithathu).
• Othile akanye nalo ongafuni eqenjini ngabe ucele, ngisho uma eziphuthumayo? (Futhi - isibongo kuqala, okwesibili nokwesithathu).

imibuzo Sample

Ukuze uthole ukuthi isimo sociometric oluhambisana ubudlelwane evamile yebhizinisi, nezindaba kudingeka uyibeke ngendlela ethé ukwehluka:

• Nobani ongathanda uhambo olude ibhizinisi?
• Nobani ongathanda ukuya ohambweni olude?

inketho Okwesibili:

• Ubani, Ngokubona kwakho, engcono ukugcwalisa umphathi imisebenzi esitolo, ukuguga noma ezinye umhleli?
• Ubani, ngokombono wakho, kuyoba nzima ukwenza imisebenzi umhleli?

Njalo njalo. Imibuzo kumele kube ngempela ilungile, kodwa kulula ukuba sikuqonde ukukhetha isifiso.

Ngendlela efanayo isimo sociometric esikoleni uncoma ukuhlola nobudlelwano siqu eqenjini. Imibuzo zenziwa kwi isimiso esifanayo, kodwa ngaphakathi kwemingcele isihloko. Ngokwesibonelo:

• Ubani ungancoma esimweni esinzima, uma kubonakala ekuphileni kwakho siqu?
• Ubani kusukela iqembu ongathanda ukuxhumana yimuphi omunye Council futhi ngasiphi isizathu?

Imibuzo elandelayo:

• Nobani ongathanda ukwabelana ikamelo ehostela?
• Uma iqembu lakho kwakhiwa futhi, ngubani ongathanda ukubona eqenjini elisha?

Futhi okunye ukukhetha:

• Ubani ongathanda umeme edilini, isibonelo, usuku lwami lokuzalwa?
• Othile eqenjini lakho uku lwakho lokuzalwa ongafuni ukubona?

Ukuze uqinisekise ukunemba izimpendulo, kulolu cwaningo kungaba kwenziwe kwelinye futhi iqembu efanayo ngaphezu kwesikhathi esisodwa, kuphela ngezinye izindaba.

umumo nonparametric

isimo Border sociometric kunqunywa ngempela wezimbangi, uma usebenzisa i-, ifomu kuqala ze-non-parametric zocwaningo. Nokho, kuyasiza batholakala kulo lonke ilungu uhlobo iqembu nobubanzi ngokomzwelo, uthole Imi isakhiwo iqembu ezihlukahlukene ubudlelwane obufanele. Ikakhulukazi kuyasiza futhi ngoba ngokuvamile eziningi lisetshenziswa ekuqaleni isifundo, bese iqembu ngeke zijwayele ahlolisise uthembeke ngaphezulu. Nalapha futhi, le ndlela kuphela enhle yamaqembu amancane, futhi abantu uma ine- angaphezu kweshumi nambili kuyodingeka ubuchwepheshe bama-computer ukubala imiphumela. Isimiso kulolu cwaningo: isihloko ngasinye kanye nezimpendulo zemibuzo engu amakhadi ngaphandle okulinganisela okukhethayo. Uma uthanda eziyisishiyagalombili ayisishiyagalolunye (lesishiyagalolunye - yena ngokwakhe), yena inscribes amagama abo ngamunye ngamunye. (Abanye, onezimfihlo ikakhulukazi, ezibhaliwe ngama-alfabethi noma ugcine inki, ngemvume ethi "khetha kwabo bonke!")

Kwakucatshangwa ukuthi inombolo okungenzeka izinqumo ezenziwa ilungu leqembu ngalinye kuyoba (N-1), lapho N - Inani labantu eqenjini. Futhi inhlangano ngayinye Ungakhetha okufanayo (N-1) izikhathi eziningana. Lokhu value kuyinto, by the way, uhlale main njalo ambalwa zonke izilinganiso sociometric. Kodwa inqubo nonparametric kwenza kube ehlukile ndaba, futhi ukuze ukhethe into. Futhi, kuyinto embi kakhulu cishe ukuze uthole Ukukhetha okungahleliwe. Kugujwa zonke neze ngempela ezifana uhlelo undifferentiated amorphous of ubudlelwano nabanye. Kunalokho - kubonisa ukuthi ukwethembeka letihlelekile naletingakahleleki ngokusobala disingenuous. Yingakho abacwaningi baye ushintshe indlela inqubo futhi ngaleyo ndlela kunciphise iphesenti Amathuba Ukukhetha okungahleliwe, isimo Isigaba sociometric.

inqubo parametric

Ngo inombolo yesibili samuntu kungagcini lezinketho. Ngokwesibonelo, amalungu ingabizwa kuphela inombolo ngokuqinile esimisiwe amagama. Uma iqembu abantu amabili, ngayinye uyacelwa ukuba ukhethe, isibonelo, imindeni emine noma emihlanu. Lo mphumela libizwa Ukukhetha umkhawulo noma umkhawukho sociometric, futhi kumelwe kuthiwe nokwethenjelwa idatha lenyuka kakhulu, kanyekanye ezizosiza processing izibalo we impahla eyatholakala. Izifundo sezilalela ngokwengeziwe ukuba izimpendulo nasengqondweni zizizwa zinecala izinqumo zabo, futhi ngenxa yalokho acishe never dissemble, siphawula ngempela kuphela labo abantu abahlangabezana e isethulo sabo izindima ezihlongozwayo - osebenza nayo, umholi noma umlingani.

Futhi, badedelane anesinwe isimo sociometric ezimbi. ukhetho kukhawulwe Amathuba izimpendulo okungahleliwe kuyehla kube cishe zero, futhi kusiza elifanele izimo ucwaningo, ngisho noma iqembu e isampula angashadile anawo inombolo ehlukile. Konke lokhu kwenza kube nokwenzeka ukuqhathanisa ngamaqembu ahlukene izinto. Manje kucatshangwa ukuthi amaqembu kuze kufinyelele amabili nanhlanu inani eliphansi sociometric imikhawulo kumele kube ukhetho ezine noma ezinhlanu.

Standardization

Umehluko ebalulekile samuntu yesibili kusukela inqubo yokuqala iwukuthi njalo sociometric (N-1) angagcinwa uhlelo wathola kuphela ukhetho - ilungu leqembu. System ukuphonsa ukhetho - ngumuntu obambe iqhaza kwi-group - kulinganiswa usebenzisa amagugu amasha - d, okusho izivimbelo sociometric. Ngenxa yethula, kungenzeka elifanele zonke izimo sangaphandle okhethweni phakathi kwamaqembu letingemasayizi lahlukene. Inani d kunqunywa ngempela ngoba wonke amaqembu kokukhetha okungenzeka okungahleliwe okufanayo. Ukuze sithole okungenzeka ukuthi kukhona ifomula: P (A) = d / (N-1). Lapha, P kuyinto ematfuba zenzakalo ezivele zenzeke nje, (A) - ukukhetha sociometric, futhi N - isibalo amalungu eqembu.

Ngokuvamile P (A) kuyakhethwa cishe 0.20-0.30, futhi esikhundleni lamagugu ifomula ngenhla ukucacisa d (futhi ukubaluleka N yaziwa kithi), sithola inombolo oyifunayo ekhombisa izivimbelo sociometric kuleli qembu. Okumbi lokhu inqubo iyatholakala: akunakwenzeka ubone yonke ukwehluka ubudlelwano eqenjini, akhonjwe subjectively kuphela izixhumanisi ezibalulekile ziyabonakala kuphela labakhethiwe ukuxhumana ejwayelekile, futhi wonke isakhiwo saleli qembu hhayi wachazela ngokugcwele. Umkhawulo Sociometric alibonisi imizwelo amalungu ethimba Lubanzi.

ikhadi sociometric

Noma ikhadi iphrofayeala izifundo sociometric ihlanganiswe kakade esigabeni sokugcina ukuthuthukiswa kwalolu hlelo. Ukugcwalisa ikhadi, ngamunye owayekhona kulolu cwaningo kufanele kubonise isimo sabo sengqondo siqu lonke iqembu ngemibandela ethile - imisebenzi isinqumo ibhizinisi, ukusebenzisana, senze imisebenzi yokuzilibazisa, nokunye. Isimo sokunquma bathembele kakhulu Ihloso yesifundo nokulandela uhlelo, okungukuthi, lokho isihloko: ubudlelwano eqenjini ezokungcebeleka, noma iqembu ukukhiqizwa, ithimba ezinzile, noma-ke kuba yinto yesikhashana, nokunye.

Ithebula unika okuqukethwe silinganisiwe ikhadi ezinjalo.

Ukubalwa imiphumela

Emva amakhadi ziqoqwa, uqale zezibalo ngokucubungula idatha, ngakho-ke kumele okungenani ukutshela kafushane indlela ukubala isimo sociometric. Lokhu kungenziwa ngezindlela ezintathu - indeksologicheskim, sokuqhafaza tabular. Kugcine libhekene yokuthi imiphumela agcwaliswa ngokuhlukile ubudlelwano siqu futhi ibhizinisi. Verticala uhlu lwamagama kukholamu yekucala, futhi nendawo okuphambene ngamunye - Izibalo: +1, + 2 + 3, njll Libhekisela kulabo baye bakhethwa njengoba kokuthoma, kwesibili nokunye bonke, -1, -2, -3, njll - labo abangazange akhethwe ngowokuqala, wesibili ozayo. Reciprocity kokukhethwa emihle nemibi ethebuleni zizungezwé mbuthano (ukulandelana akubhekwa).

Ngemva kokuphothulwa lo msebenzi in the mpo ibalwa isamba algebraic yazo zonke wathola ngokhetho ngamunye owayekhona. Khona-ke kubalwa isikolo ngasinye. Kumele kukhunjulwe ukuthi esigabeni sokuqala Ukukhetha +3 noma -3, wesibili +2 noma -2, nokunye. Futhi ushiye yokugcina - ukubala inani eliphelele algebraic, belinganisa isihloko isimo sociometric eqenjini.

izinkomba sociometric

Lapha kumelwe ukuhlukanisa phakathi Inkomba siqu futhi iqembu isimo sociometric. Isibonelo ukubala ebonisa ukuthi owokuqala uchaza izakhiwo ngabanye nomphakathi nezingokwengqondo tesifundvo njengelungu leqembu, kanye zezinombolo yesibili ukucacisa izici wonke ukucushwa oluthandwa sociometric eqenjini, echaza izakhiwo izakhiwo zokuxhumana. Ngokwesibonelo, uma lowo mfundi Ivanov wathola choice lokuqala wengane eyashona eyayifunda Petrov, Sidorov futhi wathola kusuka kuye ukhethe impendulo yesibili, ezithintekile imigqa amakhadi amakholomu abafanele asethwe, izibalo ehambisana. Uma Ivanov Petrov futhi uthanda ngaphezu kwanoma yimuphi omunye, okungukuthi, ukukhetha kwaba mutual, lezi zibalo kudingeka mbuthano.

Ezansi matrix ibalwa ukuthi inani ukhetho ukuthi kwaba Ivanov and Petrov futhi Sidorov. Okulandelayo - algebra net, ukubala isimo sociometric yomfundi ngamunye. Formula muntu nhlobo: C = M: (N-1). Kusuka lapha - kungcono isimo sociometric, M - inani eliphelele okhethweni, lapho omuhle plus, lokususa nemibi, N - nenani izifundo. Ngokwesibonelo, Ivanov wathola 4 9 = 0.44. Akukubi. Kodwa ngisho noma kungabi nemiphumela esidumazayo, isikole kanye nabazali Unezinguquko Pedagogical omkhulu okunamandla isimo sociometric umfundi. Into esemqoka - ukuze wenze izilinganiso futhi ukuqonda ukuthi yini inkinga.

Okuvame kakhulu izigaba isimo elandelayo: izinkanyezi sociometric, ayethanda, inganakiwe inyumbazana futhi ngilahliwe. Ziyahlukahluka kuye kunombolo ukukhetha emihle nemibi kanye inhlanganisela yawo. Kubalulekile ukuziqonda ukuthi umuntu uyazi isimo sabo futhi ukuthi bakhululeke nalesi sabelo.