Izintaba Khibiny. Indawo emephini, ukuphakama nesithombe

Hibiny - zokhahlamba edonsela abacwaningi nabathandi bemvelo isikhathi eside. Ziyakwazi nzima njengoba kwezinye izifunda. Shayela ukuya ezintabeni ngemgwaco. Noma enye indlela - ukuze uthole ngendiza noma ukuqeqesha Murmansk.

Indawo kanye nesimo sendawo

Khibiny ezintabeni e Kola nhlonhlo phakathi Lake Imandra futhi Umbozero. Zimelela uxhaxha eziqongweni ithafa-like. Iphuzu esiphezulu -. 1201 m Lokhu entabeni Yudychvumchorr, ingxenye Khibiny Massif. Izintaba silinganiselwa 1000 amamitha.

Kukhona iminonjana eziningi umsebenzi glacial lasendulo. Lokhu kuboniswa ezifana izinhlobo zosizo, njengoba emasekisini nesijeziso. Kanye emikhombeni - Valley vypahannye yeqhwa, afana wokuxovela.

Kukhona imiphumela eyiqhwa - kurums, okubizwa ngokuthi emifuleni itshe. A ithafa elise lonke itshe ulwandle.

sici geological

Khibiny ezintabeni ukumela isakhiwo crystal - ukuba abazali bangenele. Lokhu umzimba wonke umonakalo, eyakhiwa amatshe Lokudabuka magmatic. Kuleli zwe intrusions enjalo 8 kuphela. Lena yi-array kokuba simise ukhamba, ingxenye enkulu yakhiwa rocks - syenites nepheline. Endulo kwakukhona izintaba-mlilo omkhulu ukuthi kukhona epholile, kanye magma is acacisa. Ngakho-ke, lapha sathola namaminerali ezahlukene mayelana 800. Ezinye zazo yilezi ethize kuphela kule ndawo.

Amagama zivumelana nemizana yesimanje amaminerali atholakala lapha: Sands nepheline, Apatity, Titan. Ngemva convergence ezintabeni kusukela esindayo ice ishidi kule ndawo esiye sabhekana ukuphakamisa zomhlaba. Kwaba engalingani, njengoba kufakazelwa ubunjalo izakhiwo umonakalo omkhulu kakhulu. Sinenkosi uhlobo asemigodini, emaphethelweni awo sakhiwa amatshe kudala kunesikhathi nendawo. iminyaka eyizigidi ezingu-20 Hibiny wasukuma ukuze amamitha 500 ngaphezu emathafeni ezizungezile. Khona-ke kwaba nekhefu eside kule minyaka 15 million. Khona-ke futhi, le ntaba yaqala zikhule, kulokhu ukuphakama yabo kabili.

Isimo sezulu

Isimo sezulu, kuye ngokuthi indawo, ube Khibiny ezintabeni. On ibalazwe North-West ingxenye European Russia kuyabonakala ukuthi izindawo eziningi kule nhlonhlo itholakala kwe-Arctic Circle. Naphezu kwakho konke lokhu Eqinisweni, isimo sezulu ufudumele kuka kwezinye izifunda eNyakatho Ekude. Kobukhulu sezulu sendawo is eshelelayo eduze indawo uBarents Sea, njengoba le ngxenye olwandle kuziwa wamanje Cape Nord-efudumele. Ngakho-ke, isimo sezulu sasivumela abe mnene, futhi yesithwathwa ezinzima iyivelakancane.

Ngenxa indawo Khibiny e-Arctic ubuswa izinyanga eziyisithupha ukuhwalala. Winter emini incane futhi sithatha amahora 2-3. Ngobusuku polar ithatha cishe izinyanga ezine - inkathi lapho ilanga lingaphumi lalingabonakali emkhathizwe. Futhi ngenxa yokuthi isondele isigxobo kazibuthe planethi kungabonwa mkhuba olubabazeka kakhulu - the Aurora Borealis.

Summer ihlala izinyanga ezimbili nesigamu. Elikhulu kunawo wonke lokushisa omuhle - Julayi 20. Inyanga isilinganiso 13 degrees. Isikhathi enomoya kuyinto ngoJanuwari. Amazinga isilinganiso lwenyanga -11 degrees. A ongemuhle neze uphawu ebusika -35 ⁰ C babe Khibiny ezintabeni. Izithombe zalezi zindawo zibonisa ukuthi lapha ngokuvamile inkungu, amafu aphakeme. Lokhu kubonisa umthelela lesi siphepho on ensimini. Inzika uwela ikakhulukazi ngesimo iqhwa.

Flora

Ikhava izimila siqukethe esishintshashintshayo eziningana. Zone coniferous namahlathi okuxubile elise ikakhulu esinqeni amagquma nezigodi emfuleni emachibini aphansi. Le ndawo uphela endaweni engamamitha 470 amamitha futhi ithatha ingxenye eyodwa kwezintathu amalungu afanayo. It ubuswa sonwele kanye birch. Ehlathini ungakwazi ukuhlangabezana Rowan, e-aspen, inyoni cherry.

Ngenhla zone subalpine iqala birch. Ibanga e isiqeshana ewumngcingo phakathi amabhande amahlathi kanye nezimfunda. Kukhona ezikhulayo yemifino birch, imbulunga imbali, geranium, isihlahla somkhaya.

Okulandelayo zone entabeni-nezimfunda. Kuthatha cishe ingxenye yonke indawo Khibiny Mountains. Okulandelayo ezivamile izihlahlana kwezimila. Ekuqaleni kuka-August uyaqhubeka berry isikhathi. Uvuthwe aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, amajingijolo, cloudberry. Ngo kwentwasahlobo, kusho ukuthi sekuyisikhathi sokuba cranberry. Ngenhla emathafeni ase-moss-ulele. Mosses ubuswa oluhlaza kanye sphagnum. Ulele ukumboza emifuleni emikhulu itshe ezinguzungeni ezinkulu. Lapha sikhula eningi izitshalo kufakwe Incwadi Red.

amagama toponymy

abantu bomdabu endaweni ezibhekwa Hibin Sami. Kumephu lezi izintaba ngokuvamile igama ngolimi abantu. Noma kunjalo, kukhona namanani ahlukene kubo. Njengoba ulimi Saami yeNhlonhlo Kola has zezigodi eziningana.

Enye inguqulo ngemvelaphi igama ezintabeni kusukela elithi "hiben" - ithafa. Sami kunemibandela ihlukaniswe Khibiny Izintaba zibe izingxenye ezimbili: Umbozersky futhi Lavozerskie. Okokuqala ngolimi lwabo linjengezwi Umptek, kwesibili - Luyavrurt.

Sami necebo igama emfuleni kuqala, bese wabizwa ngokuthi isigodi kuwo. Bese ukuthi yenzelwe lokho amabanga. Ingxenye yokuqala izwi - izimpawu (okusezingeni eliphezulu, enamadwala). Enye isici ezindawo (entabeni, umfula, ichibi). Ngokwesibonelo, Lake Vudjavr. Izinkuni - entabeni embozwe nezihlahla. Umsuka Yavr - echibini. Ngakho, Sami avunyelwe elula into izincazelo. Phakathi kwabo Vudjavr - echibini entabeni nge ezihlabayo.

izintaba Khibiny - indawo emangalisayo lapho ukuvakashela futhi ufuna. Lena indawo eyingqayizivele, lapho inhlanganisela ezintabeni, emathafeni, amachibi amaningi ngamanzi ecacile futhi le Borealis aurora. Hibiny ngokuthi obuyigugu amaminerali ngakwesokudla.