Izinga eliphakeme kunawo kwamagilebhisi ngomnikelo omncane: izindlela ukulawula

Amagilebhisi singangena ezifweni ezihlukahlukene webhaktheriya, ezibangelwa amagciwane kanye fungal. Ngaphezu kwalokho, it lilimele izinambuzane ezahlukene. Isilinganiso ukulahlekelwa yaminyaka yonke sokuvuna amagilebhisi ngenxa izifo kanye izinambuzane ukuchayeka ngu-30%, ngesikhathi yekhwalithi ephansi noma zife ofeza kudingekile izinyathelo zokuzivikela - futhi ezingaphezu kuka-40-50%. Kulesi sihloko sizoxoxa izinambuzane ezifana izibungu.

Izinga eliphakeme kunawo kwamagilebhisi wazizwa umkhaza tick: ulwazi olujwayelekile

On yamagilebhisi izitshalo parasitize kufika ku-70 ezihlukahlukene olwenziwa zilwane, kodwa ezivame kakhulu sazo umkhaza kwamagilebhisi. I nqunu iso cishe akunakwenzeka ukuba siqonde. Wazizwa yamagilebhisi umkhaza umkhaza libhekisela omunye abameleli eriofoidnyh imikhaza abane-ezinemilenze. Kungatholakala kubhalwe amagilebhisi cishe yonke indawo kutshalwa. Uhlala ikakhulukazi amaqabunga, okungenani - phezu inflorescence.

morphology

omdala besifazane umzimba wormlike cylindrical ukuma. Umbala - Milky omhlophe noma aphuzi. Ubude - 0,17-0,21 mm. Owesilisa kancane kancane - 0.14 mm. Bazivikele e inkathazo esingunxantathu ngemigqa eminingi longitudinal. On the ngemuva iphaneli, kukhona bristles ambalwa. On esiswini kukhona amasongo abaningi nge spikes ezincane.

biology

Yokucashisa yokucasha zesifazane ematsheni cortex ngaphansi ihlumela izikali, amaqabunga awile. Kokunye izinso ngezinye izikhathi kungase kube ngqo mayelana 1000 izibungu. Entwasahlobo, lapho efihlekile ukuqhakaza iqala, bangena umsebenzi futhi uthuthe. Izinambuzane asakazwa umoya, izinyoni nezinambuzane.

Isikhathi sokukhula ihlumela of izibungu bathuthela amahlamvu luthela, bazihlanganise nabo kusukela ohlangothini ngezansi bese uqalisa ngenkuthalo ziklabile. Izinto ekhona ngamathe we inkathazo umvini, kubangele asebenzayo cell division kanye deformation ijwabu leaf. Ngaphansi kwethonya enzyme, eqokomisa umkhaza, esebenzayo kunazo zonke izikhungo kwamandla amaqabunga avele ngilugweda izigaba okusaqanda, embozwe obukhulu ezimhlophe wazizwa ungqimba. Ngakho, ohlangothini engenhla ishidi kungabonakala nasemkhakheni convexity.

Ekukhiqizeni mass amagilebhisi olwenziwa kuthinta ingxenye enkulu amahlamvu ehlathini, okuyinto ukushintsha umbala futhi babe bomvu ansundu. leaf ukukhula kuyaphazamiseka, photosynthesis kuyehla, ezinye zazo buyabuna futhi lufe, ukuthuthukiswa ehlathini umvini iyonke engasenamahloni. Uma inkathazo sithinta efihlekile, amacembe uphawu, baqala redden udiliza off.

Uma abavuna izithelo zomvini izibungu akuvezi umzabalazo esebenzayo, kungaholela ekuncipheni oqinile isivuno. Makudle okungcono yamagilebhisi izinhlobo amelana wawungathi ngomnikelo omncane.

Uphawu on amagilebhisi: zokulawula

Endabeni 1 noma 2 leaf izidleke izibungu ukuthola iyunithi kungenziwa nje ashiwo lenqubekela phambili kanye nokusebenza isivini. Lapho kunqotshwa inqwaba amaqabunga ngaphandle umzabalazo abahlosiwe futhi esebenzayo ngokumelene lezi izinambuzane nje ongakwazi ukuzenza. Akubalulekile ukukhetha off onke amaqabunga yamagilebhisi abathintekayo, njengoba lokhu kungabangela umonakalo omkhulu nakakhulu ehlathini kuka imbangela yayo izibungu.

winegrowers Abangenalwazi imvamisa azama ukulwa izinambuzane bazisebenzisa amathuluzi jikelele ezifana Bordeaux ingxube, kodwa imiphumela izinyathelo ezinjalo zero, ngoba fungicide ukuthi ungakwazi yini ukuyikhulisa kahle kahle kuphela izifo zezitshalo.

Kuthiwani uma kwakukhona uphawu ku amagilebhisi? Izinyathelo ukuze zilwe nabo kulokhu okulandelayo:

• Ngemva ekwindla leaf ukuwa ikhanda, imikhono imivini zonke ehlathini kufanele ulifafaze ngokucophelela 5% lime umhluzi. Uma loku kungentiwa esikhathini ekwindla, entwasahlobo, ngaphambi ihlumela break, isivini olufuthwe nge 7% emulsion karboleniuma.
• kwentwasahlobo kuze efihlekile iqhakazile, yalokho okuhle anganika sishaye ikhambi "DNOC."
• Lapho amahlumela safinyelela 5 cm, kungenzeka ukusebenzisa ithuluzi kusuka ukugqwala ngomnikelo omncane njengoba nesibabule colloidal.
• Esimeni kubheduke mass imikhaza (ngaphezu kuka-5 ngabanye ngayinye 1 ishidi) ehlobo control inkathazo Kwenziwa insectoacaricide futhi acaricide.
• I izimila isikhathi ekulweni nokugqwala olwenziwa ungentiwa usebenzisa "phosphamide" "phosalone" "Pliktrana" "Omayta" "Talstara" "Mitaka", "Apollo", "Ortus" et al.

Ekwelapheni amahlamvu umvini kufanele kubhekwe isikhashana. Umuthi okumele asetshenziswe amahlamvu phansi kuphela. Lokhu kwenziwa ngendlela elandelayo: a atomizer umlomo wombhobho isebangeni ngesikhathi ubuso bomhlaba, futhi kancane kancane wamvusa ngokuphatha engxenyeni engaphakathi amaqabunga utheleleke. Okuwukuphela kwendlela ukuya inkathazo. Kuphethe ukucutshungulwa kwaphezulu ayizwakali. Mayelana umthelela isifutho kungenziwa yahlulelwe ukungabi izilonda entsha amaqabunga. Ngezinye izikhathi ebambe umuntu elashwa kwanele, kodwa, njengoba umthetho, kudingeka 2-3 ukuthi Sizobhujiswa umkhaza amaqabunga yamagilebhisi.

Esikhathini izincwadi bendabuko Kunconywa organophosphorus zinambuzane. Nokho, abaningi yamagilebhisi izibungu eqenjini chemical isivele athuthukile amasosha omzimba. Uma ukwandisa umthamo, kukubi izitshalo kanye nezitshalo ezidliwayo.
A ehlukile enhle buyisidakamizwa "Envidor" esekelwe spirodiclofen. Akunjengesikhathi ezinobuthi ezingaba yingozi kubantu futhi ngaleyo ndlela iphumelela ngokwanele ngokumelene imikhaza.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ungasebenzisa izidakamizwa iqembu avermectin, ikakhulukazi uma kwesokunxele kuya ukuvuna hhayi ningi than izinsuku 20-30.

ezolimo ukulwa

Lapho lesi sitshalo uvele ngomnikelo omncane wazizwa yamagilebhisi, zokulawula kufanele zisetshenziswe futhi agronomic: esifike ngesikhathi izihlahla nemivini ukususa amahlamvu ezindala, iziqu ukugeza imikhono emagxolweni ubudala.

Izinga eliphakeme kunawo kwamagilebhisi yizimbuzane

Lokhu olwenziwa yamagilebhisi kuyingozi ukwedlula umkhaza, ngoba uma kubonakala kukhona okusheshayo leaf nokufa. It luhlala ohlangothini phansi ishidi, ke punctures isikhumba sucks ijusi. Okokuqala, kule site wokubhoboza avele izindawo aphuzi, ezimila futhi coalesce ku nezimagqabhagqabha ezinkulu. On the engenhla ohlangothini ishidi iba phuzi noma brown - kuncike yamagilebhisi ezihlukahlukene. Nge isiphetho mass umkhaza ekuqaleni Julayi, amaqabunga kancane kancane baqala ukufa, esithinta kakhulu isivuno.

Spider olwenziwa okukhishwe ngamathe, okuyinto iphenduka ibe web elincanyana. Kuyo kukhona amaqanda esabekwa izinsikazi, kanti izibungu abasha. Izinambuzane overwinter ngaphansi amagxolo iminyaka eminingi yamagilebhisi imikhono. Ukuze amaqanda sondle beqala at ihlumela break. Spider izibungu wande kunonophiswe kubuye futhi ngokushesha. Omunye owesifazane izinsuku 10 kungenziwa lihlehliselwe kuze kufinyelele amaqanda 100. Ngo esihle inkathazo sezulu angagcina afika kwangu-7 noma-8 izizukulwane ngayinye yokukhula.

Ngenxa yobukhulu encane nesisindo umkhaza kungenziwa uthuthwa umoya. Pest ukulawula ngenxa kuwebhu zokuzivikela kunzima kakhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuba kuhlalwe ukucutshungulwa amagilebhisi ngenxa izibungu phezu underside iqabunga.

Izindlela zokunqanda yizimbuzane

Izindlela emzabalazweni ziyefana esimweni wazizwa-ngomnikelo omncane, kodwa kudingeka ngezikhawu njalo sishaye. Ngaphezu kwalokho, it is hhayi Kunconywa ukuba isitshalo eduze amagilebhisi zokuhlobisa izimbali, ngoba zixazulula yizimbuzane ukuthi uqiniseka kudlule emvinini.

Izinga eliphakeme kunawo kwamagilebhisi ihlumela ngomnikelo omncane

It kungabonakala cishe kuwo wonke endaweni iwayini-likhula. Abesifazane emehlweni ebusika ngasesinqeni izinhlayiya zeqhwa, ku-embryonic eshiya esikhundleni esikhulu futhi kwezinso. kusebenze futhi kuqale imikhaza incele inkathi ukugeleza entwasahlobo ubisi, lapho izinga lokushisa isilinganiso 7-8 degrees. Ukubukeka amaqanda senzeka engxenyeni yokuqala ka-May.

leaf ngomnikelo omncane

Lokhu olwenziwa yamagilebhisi kuvamile kakhulu ezifundazweni eziseningizimu ye viticulture. Abesifazane yokucashisa e cortex nokusasamba ngaphansi ihlumela izikali. Kuvulwa lapho emoyeni lokushisa kwemini 7-8 degrees futhi uthuthe amaqabunga abasha. Phakathi yokukhula singenzeka nezizukulwane 5 ku-11.