Izimpawu zokubambisana kokukhiqiza. Umthetho "Ukubhaliswa Kwamabandla Ezomthetho Nabamabhizinisi Banye"

E-Russia, kunamathuba amaningi emisebenzi yezinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zezinhlangano zezohwebo. Futhi enye yezinto ezithakazelisayo kunazo zonke uhlobo lokukhiqiza lokubambisana . Ihluke kakhulu kwezinye izakhiwo ezifanayo futhi ivula amathuba ayingqayizivele kubahlanganyeli.

Imiqondo Eyisisekelo

Ukuze uqonde ngokugcwele isihloko, udinga ukucabangela umqondo kanye nezici zokubambisana kokukhiqiza (uyingcweti). Kungaba nengqondo ukuqala ngokuchaza izici zalenhlangano.

Ngakho-ke, yini efanelekile ukuyiqonda ngokubambisana komkhiqizo wokukhiqiza? Eqinisweni, kungumbuzo wezinhlobo zezinhlangano zomthetho nezomthetho zenkampani yezomthetho yezentengiselwano. Leli fomu linesizathu esiphelele somthetho, esingatholakala ku-Art. 50 we-Civil Code ye-Russian Federation.

Uma unaka u-Art. 65, kungafundwa ukuthi izinhlangano ezifanayo ziyasebenza nezinhlangano ezinkampani. Lokhu kungenxa yezizathu ezimbili:

• Abasunguli benhlangano enjalo banelungelo lokubamba iqhaza ekulawulweni kwezinqubo zangaphakathi;
• Emkhakheni we-artel, umzimba ophakeme kakhulu wesakhiwo ungalungiswa.

Ukucabangela izici zokubambisana kokukhiqiza, Kufanele kuqondwe ukuthi yena, njengezinye izinhlangano ezifanayo (imiphakathi, ukusebenzisana), kusekelwe esimisweni sokubambisana nomsebenzi wokuhweba. Kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo sinesici esiyingqayizivele: ngenxa yokwakheka kwayo, ukubamba iqhaza komsebenzi ohlangene emisebenzini esemqoka kuvame ukusetshenziswa kakhulu, hhayi indawo yabasunguli, nakuba lesi samuva senzeke.

Izici eziyinhloko

Uma sifunda eziningana zezici i-PC enakho, singaphetha ngokuthi inhlangano enjalo ingumhlangano hhayi kuphela wabantu, kodwa futhi nezinhloko. Lezi zinsiza zisetshenziswe ngesikhathi esifanayo, kodwa ukubamba iqhaza kwamalungu we-artel kwenza kube lula okubonakalayo. Leli qiniso liqinisekisa izici eziyinhloko zokubambisana okukhiqizwayo:

• Kungakhathaliseki ubukhulu besabelo, abahlanganyeli banamalungelo alinganayo;
• Ubulungu buyasetshenziswa njengesimiso esiyisisekelo sokuhlelwa kwesakhiwo;
• Ukuqaliswa okuhlangene kokukhiqiza nemisebenzi yezomnotho njengalokhu kuvunyelwe;
• Ukuzibusa nokuzikhethela kuyisisekelo sokulawula izinqubo zangaphakathi;
• Isakhiwo ngokwawo sakhiwa kuphela uma kwenzeka isenzo sokuzithandela sabathintekayo;
• Izindlela zokwenza imisebenzi yenhlangano zibandakanya usizo lwama-amateur nolunye.

Ngakho-ke, izici zokubambisana kokukhiqiza zisisiza ukuba sitshele ukuthi isakhiwo esinjalo singasungulwa kuphela emva kwesivumelwano sokuzithandela sabathintekayo esikhathini esizayo ekusungulweni kwenhlangano yokubambisana yamahhala.

Imibala yefomathi yenyunyana

Ukubaluleka kwezici ezingenhla zenhlangano yokuhweba okukhulunywa ngayo kubonisa inhlanganisela ehlala njalo yokubamba iqhaza komsebenzi kwamalungu esakhiwo nokusetshenziswa kwezimali.

Lolu lwazi lukuvumela ukuba uqonde kangcono ukuthi yiziphi izinqubo ezikhona ngaphakathi kohlaka lwenhlangano enjalo.

Njengoba esinye sezici eziyinhloko siyinhloko, esakhiwa ngamasheya ngabanye abanikezwa abahlanganyeli, imisebenzi yokubambisana yokukhiqiza izokufaka imisebenzi ehlobene nokukhishwa kwenzuzo. Kodwa ungakhohlwa ngabantu abahlukene, inyunyana eyakha inhlangano ngokwayo. Omunye wabahlanganyeli unezintshisekelo ezithile (ezenhlalakahle, ezomnotho, njll), okuyinto ekuqaliseni nasekusebenzeni imisebenzi ngokuqinisekile kufanele ihlolwe.

Ngenxa yalokho, isiphetho esilandelayo siyacaca: inqubo yenzuzo yesikhungo nokusabalalisa izimali ezitholiwe njalo ilawulwa yizinhloso zabahlanganyeli. Eqinisweni, izimpawu zokubambisana okukhiqizwayo zihlanganisa nalesi sici senhlangano enjalo yokuhweba.

Isimo sezomthetho

Uma sihlaziya ukukhishwa kwesimo sezinhlangano ezinjalo, kufanelekile ukuphawula okuhlukile kwendlela enjalo yokwenza ibhizinisi. Ngokuningiliziwe, inhlangano yezokubambisana inikeza ithuba lokuhlanganisa amathuba amaningi ahlobene nokuqaliswa kwenkululeko, izithakazelo namalungelo ezakhamizi abenza njengabahlanganyeli. Lesi sici sokuthi izinhlangano ezinjalo zezohwebo zihluke ngokuphelele kwezinye izinhlobo zemisebenzi yokuhweba.

Ukukhulunywa okukhulunywe ngaye ngenhla kuvumela ilunga lesakhiwo ukuba lisebenzise ngokusemthethweni amalungelo alandelayo:

• Ukusetshenziswa kwemithombo yabo yokwenza ibhizinisi;
• Ukutholakala, ukulahla, ukusetshenziswa komhlaba ngokuhlanganyela nabanye abantu, hhayi kuphela;

• Ukuzikhethela ngokuzikhethela komsebenzi kanye nemisebenzi ngokujwayelekile, kanye nokusebenza komsebenzi wesikhathi esigcwele ngaphakathi kwesiqondiso esikhethiwe;
• Ukusetshenziswa kwamahhala ngamakhono abo ukwenza imisebenzi yokuhweba.

Wonke lawa malungelo achazwa nguMthethosisekelo weRussian Federation futhi angenziwa ngokugcwele ngaphakathi kokubambisana kokukhiqiza, okwakhiwa ngokuhambisana ngokugcwele nezidingo zomthetho ngokubhaliswa kombuso kwezinhlangano zomthetho kanye nosomabhizinisi ngabanye.

Ukwakha ukubambisana

Ngesisekelo sokwaziswa okungenhla, kungaphetha ngokuthi lolu hlobo lwezenzo zokuhweba, njengokubambisana kokukhiqiza, alufanelekile. Manje sidinga ukunquma ukuthi ingahle ihlelwe kanjani.

Okokuqala, udinga ukuqala ngokubhalisa ukubambisana ngokwayo. Le nqubo ayinakugwenywa futhi idinga ukunakwa okuningi. Ukuqonda ngokugcwele lolu daba kuzosiza ukuthola umthetho ngokubhaliswa kombuso kwezinhlangano zomthetho kanye nosomabhizinisi ngabanye.

Ekuqaleni, inamba ethile yezinkampani ezingokomthetho ezingaba yingxenye yokuzibandakanya kumele zenze isinqumo ngokuzithandela mayelana nokubunjwa kwenhlangano enjalo yezohwebo. Ngemuva kwalokho, kubalulekile ukuqala ukubhala umthetho, ngaphandle kokuthi i-artel ayikwazi ukubhaliswa. Idokhumenti kumele ivunyelwe emhlanganweni jikelele wabasunguli.

Kubalulekile ukunakekela igama. Kuzobalulekile ukuthi wengeze amagama athi "artel" noma "ukusebenzisana kokukhiqiza".

Esikhathini sokuthatha isinqumo sokwakha ukubambisana, okuyinto inhlangano enikezela igunya lokubhalisa, ulwazi olulandelayo kufanele luboniswe:

• Ulwazi oluphathelene nokusungulwa kokubambisana nokuvunyelwa komthetho wayo;
• Idatha ngenani, inqubo, izindlela kanye nesikhathi sokwakhiwa kwempahla yenhlangano;
• Incazelo yemigomo yokukhetha izindikimba ezibalulekile zesakhiwo nokuhlinzeka ngemiphumela yokuvota ezindabeni eziyinhloko.

Ukuze uthole ukubonisa okuningiliziwe kolwazi lwalolu hlobo, i-protocol isetshenziswe. Isigaba sokugcina sizobe sithunyelwe emzimbeni wokubhalisa wendawo wamaminithi omhlangano wabasunguli, isitatimende esakhiwe ngokuhambisana nefomu elisungulwe, kanye nokuqinisekiswa kwedokhumenti yokukhokhwa kwemali kahulumeni kanye nomthetho ngokwawo.

Umehluko kusuka emafomu kahulumeni kanye nomasipala

Okokuqala, kufanelekile ukukhumbula indlela ukusebenzisana kwemikhiqizo okungafani ngayo nezinhlaka ezifana namabhizinisi kamasipala hhayi nje kuphela.

Okokuqala, kunengqondo ukukhumbula ukubamba iqhaza komsebenzi womalungu enhlangano kwimisebenzi yobambiswano. Okulandelayo, udinga ukunaka ukulingana ekuphathweni kwesakhiwo. Esinye isibonakaliso esihlukanisa i-PC phakathi kwezinye izinhlangano ukuhlukaniswa kwempahla ibe ngamasheya abahlanganyeli.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunomthwalo wemfanelo wenkampani yamacala okubambisana. Kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi, ngokusho komthetho wamanje, iziphathimandla zikahulumeni kanye nohulumeni ozimele basekhaya kufanele bakhuthaze ukuthuthukiswa kwezinhlangano zokuhweba zalolu hlobo.

Usizo lungaba uhlobo lwezinzuzo, kufaka phakathi intela, emkhakheni wokuhlinzekwa kwezinsizakalo kanye nokukhiqizwa kwezimpahla. Kungenzeka futhi ukuthi kuqinisekiswe ukuthi isakhiwo somhlaba nomhlaba ongewona indawo, okuyinto ukubambisana kungabhalwa, uma kunesidingo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, imizimba yombuso inganikeza ubuciko ukufinyelela kokuthola ulwazi oludingekayo ukuze kwenziwe umsebenzi ogcwele.

Uma sicabangela amabhizinisi kamasipala, okokuqala, kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi zenziwe ngokuyinhloko kwifomu elilodwa. Umnikazi wamasheya amakhulu emabhizinisini alolu hlobo uhulumeni, futhi, ngenxa yalokho, basesibhalini salo. Noma kunjalo, kufanelekile ukunaka iqiniso lokuthi ubunikazi balezi zinhlangano kungokomasipala basendaweni, okuyizindawo ezisemadolobheni noma ezindaweni zasemaphandleni.

Ukukhishwa kwempahla

Ubunikazi bezakhampani zokukhiqiza zihlukaniswa ngamasheya abahlanganyeli enhlanganweni, futhi zilingana nomnikelo ngamunye wabo.

Mayelana nenzuzo, isakazwa phakathi kwamalungu esakhiwo ngokubamba iqhaza kwabo emisebenzini yobuciko. Uma inqubo yokwehliswa kwenhlangano isunguliwe, ilungu ngalinye lizokwazi ukuhoxisa isabelo salo, esibalwa njengephesenti.

Kunengqondo ukulalela futhi emithonjeni yokwakhiwa kwempahla yenhlangano:

• Imali etholakale ngesikhathi semisebenzi ye-artel;
• Iminikelo yomhlaba yamalungu abambisanayo;
• Noma yimiphi imithombo engenayo engavunyelwe ngumthetho osebenzayo.

Ukuqedela isithombe, kufanele kube nokunye okunye okumele kuqashelwe: indawo eyakhiwe ngamasheya abahlanganyeli yindawo yombambiswano, hhayi impahla eyabelwe ngamalungu obambiswano.

Imisebenzi engenzeka

Umthetho wamanje unquma ukuthi yimiphi imisebenzi efinyeleleka futhi eyomthetho yokubambisana kokukhiqiza. Lezi yizindawo ezilandelayo:

• Ukwakhiwa;
• Ukuhweba;
• Inhlangano yokuklama nokucwaninga nentuthuko;
• Izinhlobo ezahlukene zezinsizakalo, kuhlanganise nezinsizakalo zasekhaya;
• Ukukhiqizwa, ukumaketha, kanye nokucubungula kwezolimo, izimboni nezinye imikhiqizo;

• Ukwenziwa kwamaminerali nemithombo yemvelo ngayinye;
• Ukuhlinzeka ngemakethe, ezomthetho, ezempilo nezinye izinhlobo zesevisi ezingavunyelwe umthetho;
• Ukuqoqwa nokucubungula okulandelayo kokusebenza okungeziwe.

Njengoba ubona, amathuba okusebenza okusebenzayo phakathi kwamalungu we-artel angaphezu kokwanele.

Amalungelo

Amathuba nezinkambiso ezivunyelwe zokusebenzisana ziye zachazwa ngenhla. Kodwa, uma sigxila emalungelo okubambisana okukhiqizwayo, kungase kuthiwe ukuthi ukhiye uyithuba lokuba nempahla nokwenza imisebenzi yezomnotho. Ngaphandle kwalokhu, ukukhona nokuthuthukiswa kwenhlangano kungaba yinkinga enkulu.

Kunengqondo ukulalela amalungelo amalunga ayo. Ngakho-ke, kufanele sikhumbule ukuthi ngamunye ohlanganyele unikezwa ithuba lokuvota ngesikhathi sesinqumo. Futhi leli qiniso alincike ebukhulu besabelo.

Amalungu enhlangano nawo ahileleke ngokugcwele emisebenzini yobuciko, athola isabelo sabo sezinzuzo, ekhetha abanye futhi ethumele abafakizicelo bawo, ecela ulwazi oludingekayo ezikhulwini.

Izinhlobo ezingahle zakhiwe

Asikho isidingo sokulinda ezihlukahlukene. Umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwezinhlangano ezinjalo kuzoba izici zemisebenzi yabo. Uma sicabangela izindlela ezivunyelwe zokubambisana kokukhiqiza, kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi lezo zinhlangano zingabumbana futhi zenze izinhlangano.

Uma kunesidingo, i-artel ingabuyekezwa kabusha. Umthetho uvumela izinhlobo ezimbili zezakhiwo eziguquliwe zalolu hlobo:

• Inhlangano yebhizinisi (LLC);
• Ukusebenzisana kwebhizinisi ( ukubambisana okulinganiselwe noma ukubambisana okugcwele).

Ukuqala inqubo enjalo, isinqumo esihle sabo bonke amalungu ebambisene nabo kuyodingeka.

Imiphumela

Iqiniso lokuthi umthetho waseRussia uvumela ukwakheka kokubambisana nenyunyana kokubili ukubamba iqhaza komsebenzi kwamalungu ayo futhi inhloko yezokugcina iyakwenza kahle. Kodwa leli fomu lenhlangano yezentengiselwano, ngeshwa, alisakazwa kabanzi ngenxa yesikweletu esiphakeme sabahlanganyeli.