Izifo ezibangelwa amagciwane. Izinhlobo zama-bacterium

Izifo ezibangelwa amagciwane, okwamanje kubhekwe kakhulu kwazo zonke ukuthi kungenzeka abantu. Namuhla kukhona pathologies eziningi nezinto ezincane eziphilayo ukuthi kumkhathaze. Ngokulandelayo, ukubukeka enemininingwane ngesikhathi izifo ezibangelwa amagciwane. Ithebula, okuyinto uzonikezwa ekuphetheni isihloko ngeke aqukethe ulwazi oluyisisekelo mayelana pathologies kanye Amagciwane.

Uhlolojikelele

Pathogenic (abangela izifo) nezilwanyana ezincane ifa cell udonga, futhi inhlanganisela yezimpawu eyingqayizivele ukuzivikela nolaka isici. Izifo eziningi eyaziwa njenge scarlet fever, izifo sibi zokuphefumula, pyelonephritis, isifo, salmonella, ugcunsula, isipatsholo, ngqi, kanye nesifo sofuba. Isizathu nentuthuko yabo kukhona amagciwane. Izifo ungaqhubeka ehlukile, zinezigaba zokukhula eziningana zaba namandla kakhulu. Ukwelashwa yesifo esithile ngesisekelo imiphumela yokuhlolwa.

Izimpawu amagciwane

Kuyini lwegciwane? Lokhu umzimba ezincane okuyinto, ngokungafani prions namagciwane kuyinto odongeni cell. Lezi zinhlobo ezilandelayo amagciwane:

• Nonpathogenic.
• Ezingena ngentuba.
• Pathogenic.

Cabanga amagciwane ikakhulukazi ayeke ukunisa egunjini lokuhlolwa kwezifo. imiphumela emibi ngenxa yokubakhona nezilwanyana ezincane kulezi amadivaysi ekhethekile orientation nolaka. Lezi zinto ezilandelayo kumele abelwe phakathi kwabo:

• Adhesion. Ngalo, lesi silwanyana unekhono abanamathela kwezicubu ezihlukahlukene womuntu.
• Exotoxin. Lokhu isici kunomphumela ethize, okubangela uphawu oluthile. Ngokwesibonelo, ukulimala isimiso sezinzwa kuphakamisa butulotoksin, uhlelo emathunjini - enterotoxin, nokunye.
• Endotoxin. Lokhu kuphakamisa okunomkhuhlane futhi Lipopolysaccharide ukudakwa syndrome.

Lezi "amadivayisi" enikeziwe ngokugcwele namagciwane abangela izifo. Izibonelo zezinto eziphilayo ezifana: Salmonella, pallidum okhanyayo, gonococcus, imbewu eletha Lyuffnera. amagciwane ezingosomathuba kungenzeka indoda ngaphandle ingqondo pathologies evamile. Nokho, ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile, basuke siguqulelwa namagciwane ayingozi. Izibonelo nezilwanyana ezincane ezifana: Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, Proteus nabanye. izakhi ezingosomathuba kudingwa emzimbeni. ibhalansi inakekelwa ngenxa khona yayo. Ezinye amagciwane emathunjini ezibhekwa ezingosomathuba. Isigaba sokugcina microorganism kubangela akukho izimo ezingezinhle ngaphansi kwanoma yiziphi izimo. Ekuphetheni, isihloko iqukethe ithebula "izifo Human ezibangelwa amagciwane." Ibonisa Amagciwane ingqondo yizifo ezihlukahlukene ezithathelwanayo.

Kwezinye izimo kukhona zokugula?

Ukuze namagciwane abangela izifo, kuye kwabangela zokugula kwabantu, kubalulekile ukuthi lezimo eziningana zanakekelwa. Ngokuyinhloko inani nezilwanyana ezincane kufanele kube ngokwanele ezinkulu. 1-2 amagciwane empeleni kungaba sina ngegciwane zabantu njengokungathi yesimiso sokuzivikela ethize nokungezona eqondene ukubhekana kahle izinsongo ezincane ezinjalo. Micro-eziphilayo kufanele futhi ukuthi igcwele. Lokhu kusho ukuthi kumele ube nawo wonke adingekile izakhiwo pathogenic. zamagciwane Faint abalona ukuba abantu engozini ethile. Abakwazi nje ukudlulisela amasosha omzimba ukuba izakhiwo zawo, uhlelo zokuzivikela ebe- ngokwanele ukuphendula isitha. Kuyinto kule isimiso, umphumela yokugoma ezahlukene. Ukungena izimuncagazi webhaktheriya babe esizeni umzimba lapho kungaba ngokushesha futhi ngokuphephile enamathiselwe kwakusazoba nokwanda okwengeziwe, ukukhiqiza busha kanye nokusetshenziswa. Ngokwesibonelo, uma Salmonella alikho ipheshana GI futhi esikhumbeni, khona-ke umuntu ngeke ukuthuthukisa salmonellosis. Ngakho-ke, ukuze kuvinjelwe izandla kufanele wageza ngaphambi kokudla. Amasosha omzimba umuntu kumelwe akulungele dudula yimuphi kuhlasela. Uma uhlelo zokuzivikela is kuwo eyayenziwe noma ngokwemvelo, ukuthi cishe kuzo zonke izimo, izimuncagazi webhaktheriya abakwazi ukungena kulolu donga. Uma amasosha omzimba angakaze ayibone nezilwanyana ezincane noma zibe buthaka (isib AIDS), pathogen akuyona njengoba kunzima ukuba bahlasele umzimba nande khona. Lapho izimo ezilandelayo zenzeka izifo ezithathelwanayo. Isifo esibangelwa amagciwane akusho ngokushesha baqala kuhambisane nezimpawu ezithile.

bayashintshana ekufukameleni inkathi

It likhona njalo ukutheleleka. Phakathi amagciwane yakhe ukujwayela indawo entsha, nande, ziphenduke. Isikhathi bayashintshana ekufukameleni ingahlala kusuka amahora ambalwa (isib ukudla okunobuthi) iminyaka eminingana (saseLyme borreliosis, uchoko). Kusukela ngesikhathi izimpawu zokuqala baqala ukuvela, singasho ukuthi zokugula athuthukiswe ngokuphelele. Isikhathi bayashintshana ekufukameleni usuphothuliwe, iqembu lama-bacterium awusizo kuxazululwe phezu komzimba. Ngikanye namalungu athile pathologies kwesimiso somzimba sokuzivikela ezifweni uyakwazi ukubhekana bebodwa. Kodwa kwezinye izimo, usizo oludingekayo kusukela ngaphandle.

Njengoba kutholakala ukuthi uphethwe yini izifo ezibangelwa amagciwane?

Ukuhlonza pathologies eyenziwa ngezindlela eziningana:

• Esebenzisa isibona-khulu (labetibambile microscopy staining).
• Ukunqunywa antigen kanye namasosha omzimba. Lesi sigaba zihlanganisa zocwaningo laboratory ELISA assays, PCR, IFA nezinye.
• Nge zokutshala. amagciwane kwaziswa okulimazayo ibekwe ngendlela ekhethekile naphakathi washiya therein ngeviki. Emva kwalesi sikhathi bheka esenzelwa, futhi waphetha.
• izilwane ezigulayo. Le ndlela kuhilela ukwethulwa izinto eziphilayo azithathe e amagundane, amagundane kanye nezinye zokuhlola. Ngemva kwesidumbu wenziwa kanye ekutadisheni isilwane nezibilini ngesibonakhulu.

izinyathelo zokwelapha

Izifo ezibangelwa amagciwane ziphathwa ngemithi elwa namagciwane ahlukahlukene. Ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa indlela ezinkulu zokwelapha pathologies ezithathelwanayo. Namuhla kukhishwa eziningi ejenti antibiotic. Isenzo nje kukodwa kungabonakala aqondiswe iqembu ethile amagciwane. Okunye mithi spectrum ezibanzi umsebenzi. Ngu nokusetshenziswa kwamaphilisi kufanele kuthathwe ngokucophelela. Kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi ukwelashwa futhi bengafundile (imvamisa olwabo, ngaphandle kokukhuluma nodokotela) kungaholela emiphumeleni engathí sina.

ngamagciwane amelana nemithi

Senzeka eziphilayo ngenxa ikhono lazo liguquke. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, kusuka amagciwane ukuthuthukisa ukumelana umuthi othize. Imithi ayisekho isicelo - iwukudambisa nezilwanyana ezincane eziyingozi. Ezimweni ezinjalo, Ochwepheshe linqume izidakamizwa kunamandla - esilandelayo, isizukulwane esisha amathuluzi. Medicine ubhekwa ngokungaqondile enecala okubangela izifo ezivukayo ngenxa ukunakekelwa zokwelapha. Ngaphambili, a zokugula ezinjalo ngokuthi nosocomial (esibhedlela). Kusukela izifo abavamile zinezikhathi ngokunembile ngenxa yokuthi elula (esivamile) nemithi akudingeki umthelela oyifunayo futhi ube iphendukele izidakamizwa namandla. Esanda kutholakala baqala ukuvela, isibonelo, amagciwane ande nemithi yesifo sofuba. Namuhla imithi ngokumelene sifo hhayi okungaka. It isetshenziswa ngokuyinhloko yini lakhiwe e-USSR. A hlobo olusha ukutheleleka, lezi imithi azisebenzi. Lezi ziguli hhayi kuphela ezingelapheki, kodwa futhi kuyingozi kakhulu kwabanye ngoba kukhona abathwali namagciwane abangela izifo.

Izimbangela ukuzinza yentuthuko emithini

ngamagciwane amelana nemithi ubhekwa inqubo kungokwemvelo. Lokhu kungenxa ikhono a silwanyana, njengazo zonke izinto eziphilayo lokuzivumelanisa nezimo ezishintshashintshayo kwemvelo. Nokho, izinga ukuthuthukiswa ukumelana elwa namagciwane waba abalulekile umthelela ukusetshenziswa nokuwubuwula kwemithi. Esanda kutholakala, imithi ngokweqile zifana nokuthela edayiswa Pharmacy ngaphandle kadokotela. Kule ndaba, abantu abaningi futhi ukuthenga imithi ngaphandle kokubonisana udokotela. Njengomthetho, self-evala emva kwezinsuku 1-3, lapho izimpawu zinyamalale. Lokhu kuphumela imbubhiso ongaphelele namagciwane abangela izifo. Ezinye zazo kuyaqedwa, kanti bonke abanye - is soguquko lwegciwane singalawuleka, ushintsha kwenye L-ukuma. Basuke yasakazwa kulo lonke umzimba futhi elindele isikhathi sabo. Esimeni izimo ezikahle ngabo, basuke isiyasebenza. Ukuvimbela nemiphumela kwemithi elwa namagciwane kukhona amazinga izinsuku 5 kuya 14. Amagciwane ukuba kubhujiswe ngokuphelele futhi kungukuthi bazivumelanisa nemithi.

Inkinga eyinhloko-antibiotic

Kanye namagciwane abangela izifo, ekusebenziseni imithi ayafa futhi inenzuzo nezilwanyana ezincane abahlala pheshana emathunjini, isibonelo. ukungalingani kungaholela yokuthi izakhi ezingosomathuba iphenduka enonya. Njengoba omunye inkinga ezivamile yokwelapha ngemithi elwa namagciwane izenzo izifo ezifana dysbiosis. Ukuyeka zokugula wenziwa inkanuko ukukhula microflora ezuzisayo.

Lwasemtholampilo isithombe ukutheleleka

Uphawu lokuqala kulapho sifo webhaktheriya kubhekwa enomkhuhlane. Kungenxa yokuthi ukubhujiswa odongeni silwanyana iseli LPS Bufinyelela eziyinkimbinkimbi ku bungene egazini bufike hypothalamus, bese maphakathi thermoregulatory kuwo. Imiphumela iba yinhlanganisela yokukhandleka shift setpoint, futhi umzimba uqala "bacabanga" ukuthi kuyabanda. Ngakho-ke, lenyuka production ukushisa, futhi yehlise ukushabalalisa ukushisa. Fever izenzo njengempendulo zokuzivikela. Ngakho, amazinga okushisa afinyelela ku-degree 39. Kuvuselela umsebenzi izivikeli mzimba. Ngenhla lokhu Inkomba izidingo ethola antipyretics. Ngo "paracetamol" imithi ingaba njengesihluthulelo izidakamizwa ezinjalo. Amazinga kungaba ngokungaqondile ukunciphisa nemithi elwa namagciwane. Ngezinye ukwehla yayo, ngemizuzu yokuqala kuqale 24-28 kusukela ekuqaleni reception, ungakwazi bafinyelela esiphethweni izidakamizwa akhethiwe kahle. Enye yezindlela uJehova alubonisa ngayo inqubo ezithathelwanayo ukudakwa syndrome. Wabonisa ziwohloke abalulekile, kwemizwelo abacindezelekile, ukunganakwa, imisipha kanye nezinhlungu ngokuhlanganyela. Ithuba ukucanuzela kwenhliziyo, ukuhlanza. iyosiza ekudambiseni isimo kokuthola yenqwaba okusamanzi (amalitha okungenani amabili). amanzi okweqile ngeke alulaze ubuthi, ukunciphisa ingqondo futhi okukhipha ingxenye yazo umchamo. Lezi zimpawu ezimbili ngenhla ezibhekwa jikelele futhi zenzeka cishe zonke izifo. Zonke ezinye izici ngenxa izici isici lwegciwane ethile, exotoxins nezinye izinto nolaka.

izifo ezithile

Lezi zihlanganisa, isibonelo, kufanele zihlanganisa isifo sofuba, ugcunsula. Lezi pathologies athé ukwehluka kwabanye. Kufanele ukuthi kulezi zifo khona isikhathi eside emzimbeni womuntu futhi ezimbalwa "wasebenzisa" kubo. Ngokuvamile, lezi zifo kungukuthi ephelezelwa isithombe esikhanyayo emtholampilo. Nokho, ngokumelene ingemuva izifo ukuthuthukisa ukuvuvukala othize, lapho kungabonwa ngokusebenzisa isibonakhulu. Lezi zifo kunzima kakhulu yokwelapha. Uma lokhu kwelashwa okuhloswe ngalo ukuqeda kuphela ukubonakaliswa emitholampilo ukutheleleka. Ngokuphelele ukuhlukana emzimbeni izifo ezithile akunakwenzeka namuhla.

amasosha omzimba asebenzayo

Uhlelo okuvikela umzimba kufaka kwamagatsha amabili: amaselula kanye humoral. Lesi sakamuva kuyadingeka ukuze kwakhiwe omzimba athile le antigen of amagciwane ayingozi. Nge kwema- pathogen ukuhlangabezana amaseli zakhe mzimba - macrophage. Bona ukubulala amagciwane ngokutadisha isakhiwo kwabo inqubo. Khona-ke, bona ukudlulisela ulwazi izidumbu emaphakathi kohlelo Ukuvikelwa. Nazo ngokufanayo, ukhonza ukukhiqiza isignali amaprotheni (amasosha omzimba) ukuze ikwazi axube amagciwane futhi sibabulale. Omzimba ezivezwa egazini. Cell ukuvikela umzimba eyakhelwe ngokuvumelana elinye icebo. Amangqamuzana amhlophe egazi ahlasela amagciwane angaphandle, usebenzisa ama-enzyme proteolytic. Ngaphandle, abaprofethi bamanga kukhona ubomvu. Ngenxa yokuba khona la ma-enzyme ubomvu uyakwazi Ukuqedwa zezicubu ezizungezile futhi phuma, ethwele nalo zezakhi angaphandle.

State umzimba emva kokwelashwa

Yokutakula yomzimba kungaba izinhlobo ezintathu: egcwele, laboratory noma emtholampilo. Kulo mBhalo sikhuluma khona kwanoma isiphi izimpawu ezihlobene nesifo. yokutakula Laboratory isethwe ku icala lapho ayifani izimpawu laboratory. ikhambi Qedela ubhekwa isimo lapho umzimba womuntu ayitholiwe amagciwane ezinonya ukuthi libangelwa egunjini lokuhlolwa kwezifo. Yiqiniso, akubona bonke izifo kuyaqedwa yokutakula. Ekusebenteni, eziningi zalezi zigameko futhi umphumela obulalayo. Futhi ngesikhathi zokugula ka-acute kungaba abe ezingamahlalakhona.

Ekuphetheni

Ngenhla itafula. isifo womuntu ezibangelwa amagciwane kule scheme samanje zikhanyiswa kafushane.