Izidakamizwa Antileukotriene isizukulwane esisha: uhlu okungcono

izidakamizwa Antileukotriene ukumela isigaba esisha ejenti ukuthi ukunciphisa izinqubo ukuvuvukala ukuthi kukhona omsakazo iguliswa noma ezithathelwanayo.

Ukuze uzwisise isimiso isinyathelo lezi izidakamizwa, kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi iyini le leukotrienes.

leukotrienes

Ziyakwazi balamuli ukuvuvukala. Ngokusho isakhiwo yabo zamakhemikhali, zingabantu acid okunamafutha, okuyinto akhiwa ka arachidonic acid.

Leukotrienes zinengxenye ukuthuthukiswa somoya. Kanye histamine, zingabantu mediators komzimba yohlobo ngokushesha. Histamine kungabangela bronchospasm okusheshayo kodwa yesikhathi esifushane neyezinto leukotrienes kubangele spasm imisiwe futhi isikhathi eside.

Njengoba oluthathwa antileukotriene izidakamizwa?

Okwamanje, leukotrienes ihlukaniswa kanje: A _4, B _4, C _4, D _4, E _4.

Synthesis leukotrienes ethathwe arachidonic acid. Kuyinto ngaphansi kwethonya 5-lipoxygenase wabe leukotriene A _4. Ngemva kwalokho kukhona ukuphendula wendlale, okwaphumela ifomu elilandelayo leukotrienes B ₄ -C ₄ -D ₄ -E _4. Umkhiqizo wokugcina okunjena - LTE _4.

Umi ukuthi LTE _4, D _4, E ₄ kungabangela bronchoconstrictor umphumela, nesanda isikhwehlela uketshezi kungase kube nomthelela ekuthuthukiseni edema, zivimbela imvume mucociliary.

B _4, D _4, E ₄ unomsebenzi chemotactic, isb kungase kudonse neutrophil futhi eosinophils ku ukuvuvukala inqubo zone.

Ososayensi baye babonisa ukuthi leukotrienes akhiqizwa macrophage, insika amaseli, eosinophils, ama-neutrophil T-lymphocyte, okuyinto abahileleke ngokuqondile ukusabela ukuvuvukala. izidakamizwa Antileukotriene somoya livame ukusetshenziswa.

Ngemva amaseli mbeni i allergen kanye nokupholisa iphutha yomoya noma emva kokuvivinya umzimba, isebenze LT zamagama. Lokho, synthesis iqala lapho osmolarity ka bronchial okuqukethwe iyakhula.

amaqembu amane izidakamizwa

Manje sibizwa ngo izidakamizwa wonke amaqembu amane antileukotriene:

1. "Zileuton", okuyinto inhibitor ngqo okungama-5-lipoxygenase.
2. Ukwakhiwa okuyizinto inhibitor idrayivu, inqubo ngibopha amaprotheni ne arachidonic acid isixwayiso.
3. "Zafirlukast", "Pobilukast", "Montelukast", "pranlukast", "verlukast" okuyizinto abantu abamelene nani ka leukotriene receptor sulfidopeptidnyh.
4. Yizidakamizwa abamelene ka leukotriene B ₄ yokwamukela.

I wafunda kakhulu yizidakamizwa antileukotriene neqembu lokuqala futhi iqoqo lesithathu izimali. Cabangela la maqembu kabanzi.

"Zileuton"

"Zileuton" kuyinto inhibitor esethola 5-lipoxygenase. It uyakwazi zivimbela kumiswa sulfidopeptidnyh I-LT kanye RT _4. Umuthi kungase kudingeke bronchodilator imiphumela ithatha kwamahora amahlanu. Futhi ukwazi ukuvimbela okuvela kuyo spasm bronchial, okuyinto is phetho ukuchayeka emoyeni abandayo noma "aspirin".

Ukuhlola okuhlukahlukene kubonisa ukuthi "Zileuton" eyabelwe iziguli isifuba somoya bronchial izinyanga eyodwa kuya kweziyisithupha, kungaba ukwehlisa isidingo isiguli imuncwe β2-agonists futhi corticosteroids. A olulodwa umthamo "zileuton" kuxwayisa okuvela sneezing futhi kufushane acinene ukuphefumula ezigulini uhlushwa rhinitis iguliswa ngemva acinene nokuphathwa allergen.

Therapy lwamasonto ayisithupha nge "zileuton" atopic somoya yabonisa yalokho abalulekile. Odokotela bathi eliphezulu ukwehlisa eosinophils futhi neutrophil. Futhi, kwehle tumor necrosis factor e bronchoalveolar lavage uketshezi ngemva allergen uhlobo ukuhlolwa. Yilokho uhlukile antileukotriene izidakamizwa, lo mshini wezenzo kusekelwe le.

"Zileuton" libhekene isikhathi esifushane, ngesikhathi lapho kukhona ingxenye-nokuphila kwaso. Lokhu kusikisela ukuthi izidakamizwa kufanele kuthathwe njalo ngokwanele ukuba kane ngosuku. Ngaphezu kwalokho, "Zileuton" uyakwazi ukunciphisa imvume theophylline. Kumelwe kubhekwe, uma kucatshangwa parallel eyamukelayo theophylline futhi "zileuton". Okusho ukuthi, kumele kungancipha komthamo wokuqala. Uma "Zileuton" inikezwa eside, kubalulekile ukuqapha ezingeni enzyme isibindi.

Kodwa kukhona antileukotriene ohlotsheni olusha lwemithi, uhlu lwabo aboniswe ngezansi.

Agents okuyizinto abantu abamelene nani ka leukotrienes sulfidopeptidnyh, izimbangi zisho sokukhohlwa esethola blocker LT D ₄ receptor. Le mithi ihlanganisa "pranlukast" "Zafirlukast", "Montelukast."

"Akolat" ( "Zafirlukast")

"Zafirlukast" aka "Akolat" iyona kunazo wafunda aleli qembu elithi antileukotriene izidakamizwa izinto. Libuye asebenzayo bronchodilator orientation. Umthelela ihlala u-Adalberto isikhathi eside, kuze kufinyelele kwamahora amahlanu. "Zafirlukast" nqubo uze ukwazi ukuvimbela ukuthuthukiswa ukusabela somoya endabeni le ephefumula allergen. ukusebenza kwalo kungase kutholakale, futhi spasm zokuvimbela bronchial, okuyinto cuphuluza emoyeni abandayo, aspirin, ukuvivinya umzimba, ukungcola. izidakamizwa Active nesokulungiselela "Montelukast" bakwazi ukuthuthukisa umsebenzi bronchodilator ka β2-agonists.

"Akolat" ( "Zafirlukast") kufanele absorbability ezinhle, isiqongo sayo lokuhlushwa igazi kufinyelelwa ngemuva kwamahora amathathu ngemva nabaphathi bawo. isikhathi sayo isigamu-ukuphila kancane kunonyaka "zileuton", futhi amahora 10. Ngaphezu kwalokho, akunamthelela le imvume theophylline. Yamukela izidakamizwa esebenzayo kufanele bube yizinombolo ihora ngaphambi ukudla noma emahoreni amabili ngemva kwalokho, kusukela ukudla kakhulu kunciphisa ukumuncwa yayo umthamo. Kusho ibekezelelwe kahle impela.

isiphetho

izidakamizwa Antileukotriene for komzimba ingasetshenziswa izingane, kodwa hhayi ngaphambi kokuba afinyelele umntwana eseneminyaka emibili. Ngosizo lezi imithi ezinganeni ziphathwe ukucinana kwemigudu yokuphefumula yansukuzonke, rhinitis iguliswa, isifuba somoya omnene.