Isiko Russian kwekhulu le-19

Ukuqala kwekhulu le-19 e-Russia kwaphawulwa ukuvelela kwamasiko, elika "yokuchuma". Russian isiko kwekhulu le-19 wayedume emhlabeni wonke futhi ngaphambi kwamanye amazwe aseYurophu ngezindlela eziningi. Ngo ubuciko classicism ke sivunyiwe, njengoba kubonakala izakhiwo, izincwadi, umculo.

Lapho u-Alexander I, inqubomgomo "absolutism ukukhanyiselwa", okuhloswe ngazo ukuthuthukisa imfundo, ukusekela for embonini, yena axhasa ezobuciko ngokwezimali nesayensi.

Ubani esihlalweni sobukhosi ngo-1825 Nicholas ngaphishekela Inqubomgomo mva, okuyinto wencike amaphoyisa nenchubokuphatsa.

Umklamo we ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-19

nethonya elikhulu ezindaweni ezahlukene zobuciko kanye nomphakathi ukuphila sanqoba iMpi Patriotic ka 1812. Ngakho-ke, isiko Russian we nengxenye yokuqala yekhulu le-19 libhekene zisho amazwi abonisa ukushisekela izwe. Njengoba ebonakalisa izenzakalo ekhazimulayo kungabonakala izakhiwo. A wezakhiwo abanamakhono, ongowokuzalwa serfs Andrey Nikiforovich Voronihin waba umsunguli iKazan Cathedral. It uJesu wazalwa uhlobo uPawulu I Cathedral of St .. kaPetru eRoma. Voronikhin ukwazi ngempumelelo ukungena ebhilidini maphakathi Ensemble Petersburg saseNevsky Prospect. IKazan Cathedral, egcwele esikhumbuzo empini ye 1812 , waba endaweni yokungcwaba Field Marshal M. I. Kutuzova. On the sekugcineni iconostasis kwathatha amakhilogremu amane zesiliva, okuyinto bathunjwa French zawo abuyela Cossacks. Kube wawugcinwa amabhanela amafulegi zaseFrench amabutho.

imidwebo

Ngo imidwebo, portrait art athuthukile. Omunye izinto eziphawuleka kakhulu Russian portrait abadwebi wangaleyo nkathi neyaziwayo OA Kiprensky. isitayela zothando of isiko Russian kwekhulu le-19 ithuthukiswe ngendlela nkathi yeziyaluyalu zezombusazwe abusa e-Europe, lapho kwakukhona izimpi nolaka Napoleon. Ukuze le nkathi fanele portrait abadumile Hussar uColonel Denis Davydov ukusebenza Kiprensky. I ekumeni abesifazane Kiprensky lidluliselwe imfudumalo lyricism yezithombe. Umdwebi wafuna ukubonisa imidwebo yakhe ye ntu cabangisisa inkathi yomlando.

umculo

Isitayela zakudala isiko Russian kwekhulu le-19 Kusebenza zonke izinhlobo zobuciko. Ngakho, ngo-nomculo wayo waba ummeleli abavelele babengasiqondi Mikhail Ivanovich Glinka. Ukuyiphi le nkulumo: "Umculo yenza abantu, sizobe zihlele kuphela". Wayengumuntu umsunguli classical opera kazwelonke (fabulously opera amaqhawe "Ruslan futhi ULyudmila", kazwelonke zomculo idrama "Life for the Tsar").

izincwadi

Ingxenye ebalulekile umqondo "isiko kwekhulu le-19" ezincwadini Russian wukuthi phakathi nalesi sikhathi siye sakhula saba omunye ehamba phambili emhlabeni. Abalobi ekudaleni imisebenzi zakudala kwakwande wokubhekela izidingo zomuntu kanye nokushisekela izwe lakithi. Kwakukhona omagazini: i setepolitiki nokulotshwa kwalo. Ekuqaleni kwekhulu wabusa sentimentalism, okuyinto omele abavelele babengasiqondi NM Karamzin. Wabe salandelwa romanticism, okuyinto lubonakaliswa kahle imisebenzi V A. Zhukovskogo. Sentimentalism kwenza ukuzwelana umfundi nge heroes owayenonembeza ukuzwela okubukhali. abalobi zothando waqhathanisa izinhlamvu nobuqhawe umphakathi nge isithakazelo imvelo nomlando izizwe kwamanye amazwe.

Ngoba noma yisiphi abafundile umuntu isiko Russian kwekhulu le-19 akusiyo ngaphandle Pushkin, ogama kumiswa njengoba imbongi iphutha ngokumelene okwenza nomdlandla yokushisekela izwe emphakathini esiqubukile sibonga ukunqoba empini 1812. Njengoba intela isitayela romantic kudala Pushkin inkondlo "Ruslan futhi ULyudmila". Ezinkondlweni eningizimu lapho uyakhazinyuliswa isihloko inkululeko. Iminyaka yasekuqaleni kwawo-inkondlo "The Village" futhi "Freedom" inkulumo mayelana yisakhamuzi imbongi. Ekupheleni ukuphila A. S. Pushkin edala yobuciko ezifana idrama ethi "Boris Godunov" futhi inoveli "Eugene Onegin". Imbongi kungaba emisebenzini yakhe yonkhe izinhlobo futhi wafakazela ukuthi yizinhlobonhlobo ubuhlakani bakhe.

Lena akuyona uhlu oluphelele ipumelelo isiko enkulu Russian yasekuqaleni kwekhulu le-19. Wenzé banikela ngendlela ebalulekile ekuthuthukiseni art kazwelonke nemfundo, kanye liye laba nethonya elikhulu ku- isiko emhlabeni.