Isikhathi sakho sobuchopho sisheshe kangakanani? Ososayensi babone izakhi zofuzo ezisemqoka

Ubuchopho bakho buqala ukuguga ngokushesha uma uphendukela eminyakeni engu-65. Futhi mhlawumbe ungaqali. Kuvela ukuthi lokhu kuncike ekutheni iyiphi inguqulo yesakhi ezithile esivela ku-genome yakho. Lokhu kwafunyanwa ososayensi ohlelweni lwesifundo samuva. Phakathi nocwaningo, ososayensi bathola isisindo esilawula izinga lapho ubuchopho bakho bebudala khona, kodwa bakholelwa ukuthi inguqulo ethile yalesi sifo ingahlinzeka ngokuvikelwa esibonelweni esikhulu sezifo ze-neurological age-age, njenge-senile dementia.

Isakhi esingakuvikela ekudemeni komqondo?

Lesi sakhi, okuthiwa i-TMEM106B, siqala ukwenza ngokulinganayo lapho umuntu eneminyaka engama-65 ubudala. Ngokushesha ngemuva kwalokho, abantu abanesimo esingalungile salesi sifo, ubuchopho buzobukeka budala eminyakeni engu-10-12 kunobuso balabo bantu abanesimo esihle, esiphuthumayo saleli gesi. Lokhu kutholakala kungasiza odokotela ukuba banqume ukuthi yikuphi abantu abasengozini enkulu yokuthuthukisa izifo ze-neurological ngoba bane-version engalungile yesakhi. Kungasiza ekudaleni imithi okuzobe kuhloswe ngayo kule geythini ukuze kuhlinzeke abantu ngengqondo yokuguga okunempilo.

Okubaluleke kakhulu kuzo zonke izakhi zofuzo

Eminyakeni yamuva, ososayensi bathole inqwaba yezakhi zofuzo ezihlobene ne-Alzheimer's and Parkinson, kanye nezinye izifo ze-neurological. Nokho, lezi zakhi zofuzo zikwazi ukuchaza ingxenye encane yalezi zifo. Njengoba sekuyaziwa ukuthi usukuthi, isici esiyinhloko esengozini sokuqala kwezifo ezingenayo i-neurodegenener is agufi. Kukhona ushintsho ebuchosheni uma uguga, futhi lokhu kuholela ekutheni ukhathazeka kakhulu ezifweni zobuchopho. Imiyalo yezakhi zofuzo i-TMEM106B ilahleka ingaba "into". Futhi la maqembu angazivikela noma azikhandle ezinkingeni ezibangelwa ukuguga, noma zibacindezele. Uma ubheka iqembu labantu asebekhulile, abanye babo bazobukeka bekhulile kunabanye, kanti abanye bazoba bancane. Ukuhluka okufanayo ngokuguga kungabonakala ku-cortex yangaphambili, isifunda sobuchopho esibhekene nezinqubo eziyinkimbinkimbi yokucabanga.

Ucwaningo olusha ngokumelene nesizinda sangaphambilini

Ucwaningo lwangaphambili luxhumene nalesi sifo nesimo esingavamile sokuwohloka komqondo, okubizwa ngokuthi ukuguqulwa kwe-frontal-temporal. Kodwa-ke, ucwaningo olusha lubonisa ukuthi lesi sakhi sihlobene kakhulu nokuguga kobuchopho futhi sinquma ukuthi asebekhulile abagcina kanjani imisebenzi yabo yokucabangela. Ukunquma ukuthi yini ekwazi ukulawula ukuguga kwengqondo, abacwaningi ababili bahlaziya ulwazi lofuzo olutholakala kumasampula angqondo angaphezu kuka-1200 obuchopho bomuntu balabo bantu ababengazange bathole ukuthi banezifo ezithinta izifo lapho bephila. Bagxila emajenjini angamakhulu amaningana, ukusebenza okwakukhona ngaphambili okwenyuka noma kwehla ngesikhathi sokuguga kwabantu. Kusukela kulezi zindaba, ososayensi bahlanganisa umdwebo, abawabiza ngokuthi "ukuguga ngokwehlukile". Leli grafu libonise umehluko emkhatsini weminyaka yamanje (noma ngokulandelana kwesikhathi) kobuchopho kanye nobudala bayo.

Iyini eyingqayizivele yale geythini?

Isisindo esisodwa, i-TMEM106B efanayo, simelene namanye, sibonisa njengenjini yokuguga okuhlukile. Kuvela ukuthi leli gciwane lilawula ukuvuvukala nokulahlekelwa kwe-neurons ebuchosheni. Kodwa leli gciwane linamafomu amabili, ngokunembile, ama-alleles amabili: owokuqala kuwo uhlotshaniswa nengozi ekhulayo yokuguga okusheshayo kobuchopho, kanti enye ivikela futhi ivimbela ukusheshisa ukuguga. Umuntu ngamunye unezinguqulo ezimbili zalesi sifo ku-genome, futhi cishe ngamaphesenti angaba ngu-30 wabantu, kokubili izinguqulo zimbi. Ngamaphesenti angama-50 abantu, enye ihamba iyisivikelo, kanti enye inomthelela omubi ebuchosheni, kepha amaphesenti angamashumi amabili asele anama-alleles amabili okuvikela.

Izinhlanganisela ezihlukahlukene, futhi lokhu kuholela kuphi?

Njengoba kungase kube khona ukwahlulelwa okwamanje, umphumela wezinselele ezimbili ezingalungile zihlanganisa. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ubuchopho bomuntu onobungozi ababili obubi bubukeka budala eminyakeni emihlanu kunobuningi babantu abanokuphela kwe-allele. Futhi ubuchopho babo bubukeka budala eminyakeni emihlanu kunebuchopho balabo bantu abangenazo izinselele ezimbi nakancane. Ngakho-ke enye yezinto eziyinhloko ezicatshangwa ngaleli gciwane yilokho, ngokusho ukuthi i-TMEM106B ilawula kanjani ukusabela okuhlelekile ebuchosheni bomuntu ukucindezeleka okuhlobene neminyaka. Esikhathini esifundweni esifanayo, ososayensi babheka ubuchopho balabo bantu abaphila ngengozi ye-Alzheimer's noma i-Huntington futhi bathola umphumela ofanayo weli geni ekugugeni kobuchopho babo. Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi lesi sakhi siqala ukusebenza uma sifinyelela eminyakeni engama-65, ngaphambi kokuba bonke abantu basesimweni esifanayo.