Isemanthikhi - isayensi, ngaphandle okuyinto unimaginably nzima ukuba afunde ulimi

Esikhathini ngomqondo ebanzi engasho lutho izwi - igatsha wesayensi yezilimi, okuyinto etadisha ubuhlobo phakathi kwesikhathi samanje futhi engekho ngokoqobo futhi izinkulumo yolimi asetshenziswa lezi zinto. Ngamanye amazwi, lo engasho lutho we Ulimi olusetshenziswa ukucinga kwemithetho jikelele lapho ukubonisa projecting ezingokoqobo ngalolu limi. Kungase kubonakale njengoba izinto noma izenzakalo nezigaba abstract, izinqubo, alukho uhlelo lokusebenza esisebenzayo noma mateiralnoy igobolondo.

Iqhaza engasho lutho ngolimi

Ngo engasho lutho Greek - okuthile (kusukela lesiGreki impande semanticos -. "Elisho"). Isemanthikhi e ngokunembile wonke umqondo walo ngokolimi isetshenziswa ukufunda ukuxhumana phakathi kwe-imihlola ngolimi lwemvelo indawo kwesicelo yayo, kungaba emhlabeni wangempela noma engokomfanekiso.

Lolu cwaningo ubonisa kanjani umuntu ujwayelene isakhiwo yolimi kanye nesethi syntactic eziyisisekelo, lucebe, amayunithi morphological, bakwazi zokugqokisa imicabango yabo ngamagama futhi ubone ulwazi engenayo emithonjeni ehlukahlukene, ngisho nalowo ngalo uyaye okokuqala.

Isemanthikhi - yingxenye ebalulekile isigaba enjalo wesayensi yezilimi, lolimi. Ngo ukuthuthukiswa yimuphi engasho lutho ulimi izwi sibhekana nezinguquko eziningi leholele mbono omusha futhi izikhundla yezilimi. Ngokwesibonelo, izimiso eziyisisekelo ezisetshenziswa ekwakheni ingxenye semantic, lakhiwa ososayensi American J .. Katz futhi J .. Fodor.

Isemanthikhi izichazamazwi: izimiso kanye nezici

Phakathi semantic ukuhlaziywa isichazamazwi inshokutsi yemagama iqinile nge definition ezikhethekile noma izincazelo Sisuka olimini ezikhethekile. ulimi semantic lisikisela ocace kakhulu (efakwe), kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo okwengeziwe incazelo zamandla into noma mkhuba kuka ngokuya ulimi kwansuku zonke. Ngokwesibonelo, ungathola incazelo emakhasini isichazamazwi semantic "NOSINF = ULWAZI, SOKUHLOLA." Isetshenziselwa ukubhekisa abezindaba emfushane ukuthi ne engasho lutho izikhundla ilingane into equkethe ulwazi.

Esikhathini incazelo yamagama ngolimi lwemvelo Ososayensi ukubhala izingxenye namazwi zisebenzisa izingcaphuno olulodwa. Nokho, le ndlela asisebenzi izichazamazwi nje kokuthi isistimu ngokwawo nesilulumagama imodeli yedivayisi umthombo lizisho ukubeka "izwi - incazelo", okusho definition, njengoba umthetho, ilungelo izwi echaziwe. Ngo nokuchazwa zezilimi iziphakamiso izingcaphuno double. Kumele kukhunjulwe ukuthi amasu nazo engasho lutho, musa uqondane elihambisana zabo ngolimi lwemvelo. Ngokwesibonelo, ukwakhiwa "Joyina-In-Umshado" e engasho lutho angeke ibonwe njengoba inhlanganisela amazwi ezintathu, futhi njengoba isici esisodwa cwaningo.

Isemanthikhi - isayensi ekhethekile ukuthi umkhuba wabo isebenzisa isigaba ulimi meta-. Leli gama kuyadingeka ukuze kubhekiselwe endaweni eyikhaya ulimi nge echaza olunye ulimi. Yemvelo, isibonelo kungaba isinyathelo maqondana ulimi meta-yakhe. Izakhi ingase ihlanganise amashadi metalanguage sokuqhafaza, amatafula, izithombe, noma imidwebo, ezivame ukubhekana nazo emasimini izichazamazwi anemidwebo.