Isakhiwo yomgogodla womuntu: isikimu, ukuqokwa iminyango main. izici kwesakhiwo

Emgogodleni ingenye izakhiwo ebaluleke kakhulu umzimba womuntu. On ke, sithembela futhi ulisebenzise ukuhambahamba. Ukuma lwalugobile yomgogodla - nokunwebeka kanye nezimo, ngenxa okuyinto dambisa uthuthumele ezihlukahlukene ezingase zenzeke ngaphansi ekucindezelekeni okukhulu. Uvumela umuntu nihambe niqonde futhi igcina maphakathi gravity. Kulesi sihloko sizohlola isakhiwo yomgogodla womuntu. Uphawu wesifunda, umsebenzi, kanye anatomy zembula impendulo yalo enemininingwane.

imisebenzi

Emgogodleni onesihluthulelo ukweseka umsebenzi. Cabanga ukuthi ukuphila kunganjani ngaphandle lokhu umzimba akunakwenzeka. Uma umsebenzi wakhe woniwa ke umuntu akuyona nje ukuhamba, kodwa nje ume. Kusukela esimweni saso kuncike ngqo empilweni jikelele. Uma ubheka isakhiwo yomgogodla womuntu (wesifunda ukuqokwa abekwe ngezansi), kuba lubonakale lapho ebonakala ngesimo induku nezimo. Kuye unamathisele amathambo ehlombe, nemilenze. Lona isisekelo okuphelele kwayo yonke indikimba, ngoba liphinde igcina ikhanda, izimbambo, clavicle futhi scapula.

Emgogodleni ivikela umgogodla, obuso yomsebenzi wethu incike ekusebenzeni izinhlelo ezibaluleke kakhulu eziyishumi nemitshingo. Iziteleka, umonakalo, kwezimo zendawo ezimbi ezibangela umonakalo omkhulu empilweni. Kukho konke miphumela sisuke sicabanga ivikela uhlelo lwamathambo. Ngenxa emalungeni elise phakathi amathambo, kukhona ukunyakaza. Ikholomu vertebral zazo zikhona cishe mahlanu. Masitadishe isakhiwo yomgogodla womuntu, uphawu wesifunda elibonisa ukubaluleka nokuphumelela kwaleso ukubaluleka.

isakhiwo Jikelele

Emgogodleni siqukethe Mnyango ungeminye yeminyango emihlanu nenani elifanele amathambo. On the sagittal kanye nezindiza ezinemishini yokuthwebula ephambili frontal , kukhona esonta. Siyabonga kubo, umthwalo kwasakazwa ngokulinganayo. Curves zitholakala ngezinhlobonhlobo eziningana: i-iqhubu phambili ngokuthi lordosis, emuva - kyphosis, eceleni - ukugobeka komhlandla.

Uma ubheka isakhiwo yomgogodla womuntu, isikimu, ukuqokwa okuyinto ikakhulukazi ngokucacile esibonisa lokhu, siphawula kulo Curves zemvelo. Noma kunjalo, kungase kube ngokweqile. Khona-ke ukukhuluma mayelana nezinguquko sokugembula. Nikeza kwesakhiwo ubuqotho amalunga omzimba, nemisipha futhi akwazi ukugcina intervertebral, okuyinto avumele ezinyakazayo Damping umphumela. Lesi sakhiwo esiyingqayizivele yomgogodla womuntu kusivumela ukuhambahamba ngokuphepha.

Iminyango ikholomu umgogodla

Ngo ikholomu umgogodla kukhona Mnyango ungeminye yeminyango emihlanu:

• intamo;
• webele;
• lumbar;
• sacrum;
• tailbone.

Ikholomu umgogodla iqala yomgogodla wesibeletho, okuyinto imelelwa ugobile convex. He is ezihambayo kakhulu, ngakho umuntu uyakwazi ungatshekisa bese uphendukisa ikhanda nentamo hambisa. Lokhu kuqinisekiswa kumasegmenti ezimbili zokuqala. Sinenkosi simise esiyingini ungenye izinqubo ekhethekile occipital imbobo.

emgogodleni wesibeletho kungaba ikakhulukazi ngokuthi. Abathathu amathambo eziyisikhombisa akheke ekhethekile. Ekuqaleni, hhayi kokuba nomzimba kodwa siqukethe lwesikhathi ezimbili uncika base Yekhanda. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi Atlas vertebra. Okulandelayo ithambo epistrophe ekhethekile kakhulu. Front enendawo inqubo odontoid ukukhonza emgogodleni, ngenxa okuyinto uzungeza le Atlas. emgogodleni wesibeletho kufana kakhulu ebuchosheni. Inikeza ukusebenza evamile "grey ndaba." Umonakalo lapha kungaholela ekufeni.

Thorax (kwezokwelapha ibizwa ngokuthi thoracic) engonxantathu C emise. Njengoba ngqo exhumene kususwa udonga lwangemuva esifubeni ngenxa izimbambo okuyinto anamekwe amathambo. Lokhu emgogodleni ongasebenzi, futhi, ngenxa ukusondela kwesifuba. Kodwa lapha, namanje uyakwazi tilting. Vele degree kwabo kubonisa ukuthi mancane uma kuqhathaniswa neminye iminyango. Khawula ukunyakaza izimbambo, ngoba ukuvikela izitho ezibaluleke kakhulu ezifana amaphaphu inhliziyo. I akwazi ukugcina intervertebral ziphansi, kodwa izinqubo spinous - isikhathi eside ngokwanele.

Lumbar (noma lumbar) iqukethe amathambo ngobukhulu. Yena sinikezwe ijika mnene lebhokisi sacrum neminyango thoracic. Lonke ingxenye engaphezulu kuphela yomzimba ngazo phezu kwakhe, yingakho ebangela umsebenzi sína. Kuyinto lokhu umnyango kanye webele eqala umthwalo enkulu: ukuhamba, ukweqa noma egijima, uyena obangela yonke cushioning umzimba. Ngakho-ke, kulezi zingxenye, maningi amathuba okuba kwenzeke zokugula noma ukuhlukumezeka.

Lesi sigaba ezimbili aphansi ngokwemibandela kuphela ngokuthi amathambo. I sacrum siqukethe ithambo esingunxantathu ehlanganisa amahlanu amathambo tho. Siyabonga kuye, wenza yomgogodla uxhumano ukhalo. Coccyx - lena eposini aphansi. Khona kanye ukubukeka kwawo ufana nabokhulumile mbhoshongo ukuma lwalugobile. Coccyx uxhuma emisipheni nemisipha okuhlobene ohlelweni genitourinary. Uthwala umthwalo ukhalo, ekubeni ngesikhathi esifanayo, le Fulcrum. Kungaba ngokuthi iminonjana umsila, okuyinto ngokwengxenye ezigxilile nethambo lenqulu. Female skeleton sihluke amadoda kule ngxenye. Coccyx ithambo kungaba washintsha kancane ngaphambi kokubeletha, okwandisa ububanzi we isiteshi womama, ngaleyo ndlela lula inqubo kokubili okhulelweyo, ingane. Ngezansi ibalazwe ephelele, echaza ngokuningiliziwe isakhiwo yomgogodla womuntu. Isikimu ukuqokwa nemisebenzi kuso futhi ayatholakala.

amathambo

Emgogodleni kuhlanganisa amathambo 24, ixhumeke uchungechunge nomunye. Bangabakhe:

• emgogodleni wesibeletho (amayunithi eziyisikhombisa);
• webele (ishumi nambili);
• lumbar (ezinhlanu).

vertebra ngamunye has simise cylindrical. Futhi kudlala indima ebalulekile onokwethenjelwa umthwalo eziveza isici. It has a ukuma i arc - a umkhumbi ne aphumayo kuwo icubungula. On the arc komzimba vertebral futhi umgodi wadala. Owenza ku vertebra ngamunye, benza ndawonye ukudala umsele umgogodla, okuyinto Itholakala umgogodla, imizwa nemithambo yegazi.

akwazi ukugcina intervertebral

Lezi zici zinemizimba eyisicaba isiyingi nge uketshezi ekhethekile ngaphakathi umongo kanye disk. Isakhiwo umgogodla womuntu (umdwebo ukuqokwa angabona futhi umdwebo ngezansi), ngenxa amadiski nokunwebeka inikeza cushioning ngesikhathi ukunyakaza mpo. indandatho lunemicu exwayisa displacement amathambo, izungeza pulposus-nucleus. Kungaba buthaka nge izifo yomgogodla, futhi ngezinye izikhathi ngisho ukudabuka, yingakho kukhona hernia intervertebral.

amalunga omzimba

Emgogodleni ngeke kube khona kungekho amalunga omzimba. Zikuxhuma amathambo. Emalungeni embozwe isikhumba bushelelezi, uqwanga, ngenxa okuyinto ukungqubuzana ayibonakali amathambo ubuhlungu. Ngaphakathi emalungeni kuyinto yokudla liquid lubricating uqwanga. Ngenxa yalokhu, indoda Asondele phezu futhi uphendulela bacondze etindzaweni letehlukene kanye kwenza nezinye izinhlangano zenkululeko zomzimba.

Amaqoqo

Amaqoqo zitholakala ngezinhlobonhlobo ezimbili:

• ophuzi, ngokuhlanganisa arc;
• ezingemuva longitudinal amathambo yokuxhuma kule ngxenye ikholomu.

Ephambi kwezinduna izinguquko sokugembula, ukuhamba eziphakeme amalunga nemisipha ozama isinxephezeliso idrayivu. Ngenxa yalokho, kukhona hypertrophy. Bheka isakhiwo yomgogodla womuntu: isikimu, isiqu ngesiRashiya lapha ngenzansi. Ngenxa isithombe okulula ukuyiqonda kangakanani lapho amathambo futhi lokho umnyango basonta.

imisipha

Imisipha nezicubu eziseduze yomgogodla. Ngenxa yalesi kakhulu kunciphisa umthwalo futhi ingozi lokukhanda. On ngemuva kukhona imisipha olukha phezulu futhi ngokujulile. Usizo lokuqala emahlombe futhi eqondisa emuva kwakhe. Lezi zinto zihlanganisa latissimus, trapezius, rhomboid, imisipha serratus.

izitho zangaphakathi

Ngaphakathi ikholomu umgogodla kuyinto emgogodleni, sizungezwe amagobolondo okuqinile, arachnoid futhi ezithambile. Lokhu umzimba kuvela ebuchosheni futhi uphela kwi lokuqala nelesibili vertebra okhalweni. Ngamunye umnyango wakhe unesibopho izitho ezithile zomzimba womuntu. Lokhu umsebenzi kuqinisekiswa umsebenzi nerve amaza avela emgogodleni ukuhambisa ngqo izitho zangaphakathi. izimpande Nerve namaseli emgogodleni kukhona omningi. A izici kwesakhiwo yomgogodla ubavumele ukuba balungise foramen intervertebral.

ukuguga

Njenganoma yimuphi somzimba womuntu, emgogodleni esegugile siya amadala. Izejwayezi ezimbi zibulale ke. Ngenxa amanzi emzimbeni izakhiwo Ukuncipha elahleka, kanye nemisipha namathambo Akasekho lugucugucuke ukuba aqale ukushwaqa. Ukonakala kungenzeka idrayivu, yingakho iningi pathologies asathuthuka.

isiphetho

Lapho sitadisha isakhiwo yomgogodla womuntu, ukuhlonza wesifunda, umumo womzimba kumcoka. Ngingahlosile ukubamba ecabanga ukuthi, njengenjwayelo, kule eziphilayo eziyinkimbinkimbi akukho engadingekile ngokwakho. ingxenye ngayinye ekhipha abangababi bemisebenzi yaso. Ukuba isixhumanisi amancane, inikeza kanye nezinye izakhiwo umzimba wonke.

Ukwazi lokho okufundiswa isakhiwo umgogodla womuntu, kuyacaca ukuthi kubaluleke kangakanani ukuba nisicabangele ngenxa. A yokuphila umzimba ebangela imisipha, ezinye zazo akazange ayisekele nendlela emgogodleni nhlobo. Imodi okunjalo kubangela ukuthi izingxenye ezithile umthwalo ibhekane sithuthukiswe, futhi ngesikhathi ezinye kunengozi yokulimala ngisho nalapho ukukhathala encane.