Isakhamuzi abazisebenzayo ka: umsebenzi, patent

Isakhamuzi abazisebenzayo - umqondo ukuthi abantu abaningi baba nesithakazelo eRussia. Ngokuvamile leli gama lisetshenziswa ukuze libhekisele osomabhizinisi ngabanye abangenayo abasebenzi futhi nemisebenzi yangasese. Empeleni, kuba nalabo abasebenza "ku ngokwabo." Ngokuvamile, abantu abanjalo kunzima kakhulu ukusebenzisa ibhizinisi labo, ikakhulukazi, ngenxa yamacala intela futhi wamaphepha. Ngakho okwamanje kwanqunywa ukusungula umthetho ahlukene eRussia, okuyinto ozosiza bamazwe abazisebenzayo ukusebenza ukuze kuzuze umphakathi futhi wamukele ngesikhathi esifanayo Amaholo. Lomqondo uye wathola ukuthuthukiswa esebenzayo ngo-2016. Lokho izakhamuzi kufanele bazazi lokhu kwakwenqatshelwe? Yini sihlelelwe ukunikeza izimo zokusebenza kulabo abasebenzela ngokwabo?

Abazisebenzako - kuyinto ...

Luthini olwakho "izakhamuzi abazisebenzayo"? Lo mbuzo oyithandayo eziningi abantu. Ikakhulukazi labo uhlela ukuziqalela amabhizinisi abo amancane. Kuye kuthiwe ukuthi leli gama, njengoba umthetho, libhekene abantu (okwamanje - osomabhizinisi) abasebenzela ngokwabo. Abanalo abasebenzi noma abasebenzi isimo.

Ngokwezinga elithile kuba izakhamuzi ngubani boss yakho siqu futhi ungaphansi. ERussia, lo msebenzi kuvamile impela. Ngalesi sikhathi isakhamuzi abazisebenzayo ubophekile ukuba noma ukuthola umsebenzi ngokusemthethweni (njengoba, ngokwesibonelo, ukuqasha umsebenzi), noma ukubhalisa yena njengoba usomabhizinisi ngabanye. Kaningi lapho lokhu kuyakhethwa sts uhlelo. Hhayi elula kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, e-Russia saqala ukucabangela imithetho ezisiza kahle bamazwe okuqondene isigaba abazisebenzayo.

PI ngokuphazamisa

Manje njengoba kusobala ukuthi ngubani ongowakhe izakhamuzi abazisebenzayo ngokuvamile (okwengeziwe ngale - kancane kamuva), kungenzeka ukuba baqonde isizathu esasenza izwe banquma beveza sokumisa umthetho omusha. Phela, njengoba kuye kwashiwo, labantu kwakunjalo self-emisebenzi ukubhalisa imisebenzi yayo njengoba ibhizinisi.

Kuyinto asihambisani noma yimuphi umsebenzi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kufanele sinake iqiniso kunalokho ezithakazelisayo - izintela kanye nezimali for IP, ngisho uma ukhetha "intela Esenziwe Lula" e ifomu intela kungaba ngempela eliphezulu. Futhi ngakho iningi abazisebenzayo umane awathandi. Basuke, njengoba sekushiwo, umsebenzi isithunzi, empeleni yephule umthetho. Ngokuvamile kuphela ukufakazela leli qiniso eziyinkinga kakhulu.

Yingakho Russia ngaqala ecabanga kudlule umthetho "On the izakhamuzi abazisebenzayo." Kufanele ukusiza bonke abantu abasebenza "ku" ngaphandle abasebenzi basebenze ngaphandle kokwesaba ukwephulwa oshayiwe kuleli zwe. Kodwa kuyokwenzekani yesigaba wafunda lwabantu? Yiziphi izinzuzo nezingozi uhlelo ezihlongozwayo kufanele? Yini ukulungiselela labantu?

patent

Into yokuqala ungafisa nokufanelekile ukudonsela ukunakekela - Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi umsinga intela uhlelo kulesi sigaba sama-abantu kuyoba patent. Ngokuvamile, esinjalo kumjabulisa kakhulu. Kungani?

Imisebenzi zabantu abazisebenzayo ezimweni ezithile angasayindwa ngosizo patent. Kusukela izinzuzo uhlelo:

1. Ukuswelakala kokusebenza ngokuhlanganyela yokukhokha amaphrimiyamu nezintela. Abantu nje ukuthenga patent nokuziphatha umsebenzi isikhathi esithile le dokhumenti.
2. Ayikho wamaphepha. Ayikho yokubika ezingadingekile, akukho nezimemezelo ezengeziwe inzuzo. Ukubhaliswa kwe-patent for abazisebenzayo futhi athembisa ukwenza lolumalula.
3. Ukuswelakala kokusebenza ngokuhlanganyela kokufunda ukuhlolwa intela ukuhlolwa. Mhlawumbe omunye izikhathi izinto eziphawuleka kakhulu. It is kuhlelwe ukuthi isakhamuzi abazisebenzayo osebenzela lobunikazi, kuyakuba ushwele wentela ukubalwa kwezimali.

Okumbi zalesi simiso iyatholakala. Kodwa avame uthathwa njengoba umehluko wemisindo nemiqondo yamagama, hhayi nemibi. Ngokwesibonelo, kukhona yini ngamaphuzu alandelayo:

1. Limited umphumela patent. Isikhathi sempilo esiphezulu idokhumenti - ezingu-12. Ubuncane - ezinsukwini ezingu-30. Minyaka yonke ukuthenga a patent elisha ukuba baqhubeke nomsebenzi.
2. Akuwona wonke umsebenzi kungenziwa anezinhlaka njengoba abazisebenzako. Kwezinye izimo, kusadingeka ukuvula SP.
3. izindleko ezihlukahlukene imisebenzi patent ezindaweni. Ithegi intengo azosethwa lomuzi ngamunye uwedwa. Kodwa kusenjalo ngizithole nezikhathi ezijabulisayo nezibuhlungu namanje kuhlelwe ukuze ulungise.

Ayikho izici eziphawuleka ngaphezulu ungekho. Nokho, imithetho abazisebenzako kuze kube manje ukukhiqiza labantu umphumela ogxile omuhle. Abantu ngokujabula umxhwele ngalokho ababekushilo ulinde.

amaholide intela

I inzuzo enkulu kuba umqondo ukuze bangahlupheki ekukhokheni intela zabantu abazisebenzayo. Izinkulumo ezinjalo zenziwa ngokuvamile. Ngemva wafunda uhlobo lwabantu, njengoba umthetho, kumele kuqala "roll" ibhizinisi ukuletha imali bese bakhokhe intela. Uma kungenjalo, umuntu uvala SP khimilili isebenze ngokusemthethweni, ngokuvamile kokushiya izithunzi. Lokhu ukulahlekelwa esikhwameni yomphakathi.

Kungenxa yalesi sizathu ukuthi uhulumeni waseRussia ahlinzekwa nhlobo zabantu abazisebenzayo kusukela Inland Revenue, ukuba ngibanike iholide intela. On nokuthi hlobo luni lokuphila? Iminyaka 3. Ngamanye amazwi, abantu abakwazi ukukhokhela intela izinyanga 36. ithemba Very interesting.

Lesi siphakamiso senziwe futhi maqondana IP, okuyinto kuphela bona, ngaphandle abaphathi, abaphathi kanye nabasebenzi. iminyaka engu-3 kusukela ngosuku lokubhalisa kwalesi sigaba sabantu ngeke ukhokhe izintela endaweni yomcebo isimo. Kufanele uhlu kuphela iminikelo saziso kuya FSS.

Ngaphandle izintela nhlobo

Yini okunye okufanele sinake abantu? ERussia, ihlinzeka wenkululeko ephelele izakhamuzi abazisebenzayo intela. Lokhu kuyakwenzeka kanjani?

Into wukuthi izakhamuzi awazuze patent. Inani yabo ngokuphelele ihlanganisa izindleko elilinganisiwe. Empeleni, umuntu abazisebenzayo okhokhela kusengaphambili. Izindleko a patent - futhi lena intela, futhi zonke izindleko saziso.

Ngakho, singasho ukuthi azikho izimali ezengeziwe ukwenza kulo lonke patent ngeke. Kungenxa yalesi sizathu ukuthi umthetho self-emisebenzi iyathakazelisa sabantu. Inkinga enkulu lapho abantu ufihle imali yabo - izintela. Futhi, njengoba kwakuthenjisiwe kuhulumeni, uzobe isiphelile.

Ukwahlukana kusuka SP

Yiziphi izinhlobo imisebenzi abantu abazisebenzayo ingafani? Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi kwezamabhizinisi ukufunda uhlobo lomsebenzi - izinto ezimbalwa ezahlukene. Ngakho-ke, kumelwe akuqonde ngokucacile lokho umehluko nomunye bakuphi.

Isakhamuzi abazisebenzayo lihlukile usomabhizinisi ngabanye? Uma ungenalo acabangele amathuba amasha ahlinzekwa eRussia phakathi esigabeni sokuqala sezisebenzi, ukuthi izici ezilandelayo:

1. Uyazisebenza, ungakwazi kuphela usebenze lobunikazi. Ukuhlanganisa intela bengayi.
2. abasebenzi ezikhokhelwayo yokuziphakamisa uvinjelwe. PIS qasha abasebenzi uzikhokhele iholo.
3. Abazisebenzako - kungumsebenzi kuphela ezindaweni ezithile. Kufanele icaciswe patent.
4. Ayikho ukubuyiselwa kwentela kulabo abaye anquma ukusingatha ngayo ukuba kungabi yiwo wodwa. SP okungenani kanye ngonyaka kudlule imiculu engenayo kanye nezindleko.

Ngakho, ke akubhekwa usomabhizinisi - kuba isakhamuzi abazisebenzayo. Leli gama lingasetshenziswa kuphela ezimweni ezithile.

Ubani ingasebenza njengendlela abazisebenzayo

Futhi manje okuncane mayelana imisebenzi nemikhakha wafunda lwabantu. Kuye kuthiwe ukuthi akuyona yonke ibhizinisi ngaphandle abasebenzi ukunikeza design yephathenti abazisebenzayo. Ngakho abayoba ngokuqondile bafaneleke ukubhaliswa kwale dokhumenti?

Manje ukukhulula bantu abalandelayo, okwathi ngo-2017 kuyodingeka ukusebenza patent ekhethekile njengoba abazisebenzayo:

• umthungi ekhaya;
• nokugada;
• ohlanza izindlu kanye umphathi;
• abafundisi, ikhaya othisha;
• bezithombe kanye mavidiyo;
• abashayeli;
• izintatheli;
• ezizimele (ikakhulukazi copyrighters futhi reraytery);
• abantu abenza silungisa imigexo;
• Master of ukulungisa endlu Imishini.

Ingahlanganisa abantu abenza ngezandla yokukhiqiza, kanye insipho ushokoledi ngezandla. Inzuzo enkulu yomthetho yokutholwa - Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi umsebenzi manje copywriters, okuyinto isikhathi eside yabangela imibuzo, ngeke zibe semthethweni ngokusemthethweni ngaphandle kwezinkinga.

izindleko

Mhlawumbe ethile abalulekile kuphela wukuthi le patent for abazisebenzayo iyobe iwufanele imali. Kuyinto evamile, kodwa kusenza sicabange ngokumba eziningi. Kuye kuthiwe ukuthi ukubaluleka kunqunywa ukuba zonke edolobheni otnoitelno nemisebenzi yabo ethize. Ngokwesibonelo, umhlengikazi eMoscow kuyodingeka bakhokhe ukuze patent ezingaphezu kuka e Kaliningrad. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, konke kulungile. Ngakolunye - akucaci bangaki kuyodingeka bakhokhe imisebenzi yabo kusengaphambili.

Nokho, njengoba waveza nguhulumeni, umuntu abazisebenzayo uyokhokha ruble okungenani eziyinkulungwane 10 i-patent. Eminye imithombo wabonisa ukuthi inani wabeka ekhokhwa, kuyoba ayizinkulungwane 20. Lokhu kulinganisela lisekelwe onyakeni. Lapha, njengoba sekushiwo, kufakwe iminikelo ayimpoqo kanye eziqoqwayo. Ngomqondo onabile, ngisho kubonakala. Sikhishwe sokukhululwa ngokugcwele lapho sisebenzelana patent, lokhu kungahle kube inzuzo enkulu phezu osomabhizinisi ngabanye.

Ukubhaliswa ku-Register of

Enye caveat - the abazisebenzayo kuyomelwe agijime kancane nge imibhalo. Into wukuthi wonke umuntu osebenzela "ku" kufanele ifakwe irejista okhethekile. It izoqopha zonke izakhamuzi abasebenzela ngokwabo.

Manje bathi kuyodingeka kancane ukukhokhela engena irejista. izindleko cishe yalo msebenzi - ruble 100. A trifle, kodwa kuyodingeka ukuba kubhekelwe.

Imiphumela

Manje kuyacaca ukuthi ziyini isigaba sabantu abazisebenzayo, kanye kulokho akulindele eRussia esikhathini esizayo esiseduze. Eqinisweni, noshintsho oluhlongozwayo ezithakazelisa ngempela. Kodwa ochwepheshe namanje ukuveza izinto ezibakhathazayo. Ezinye abazisebenzayo angahlala kumasistimu ithunzi.

Lokhu kusebenza abantu abathola iholo eliphansi noma ingazinzi. Bamane ezingenanzuzo noma IP ukuvula noma ukuthenga i-patent. Futhi ukufakazela umsebenzi wabo kuyinkinga kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, imithetho yokutholwa ngisho ukusiza, kodwa hhayi ukuhlukana ngokuphelele izwe ibhizinisi shady zabantu abazisebenzayo.