Intaba ye-Mutnovsky: incazelo, umlando, ukubuyekezwa nemizila

Uhlu lwezindawo eRussia, ezifanele ukuvakasha izivakashi, ungaqhubeka kuze kube phakade. Ngaphandle kwezici ezihlukahlukene zamasiko nezomlando, ezweni lakithi kukhona izinto ezithandekayo zemvelo, abantu abafuna ukuhamba kufanele bahlole ngokuqinisekile. Enye yalezi zindawo ezingavamile yi-volcano yaseMutnovsky eKamchatka.

Uphi

Le ntaba iseningizimu ye-peninsula. Eduzane kukhona ezinye izintaba-mlilo ezintathu - i-Viluchinsky evelele, i-Asacha ne-Gorely. Ukuze ufike eMutnovsky kusuka kuPetropavlovsk-Kamchatsky (okuvela endaweni lapho intaba, endleleni, ibonakala kahle), kufanele uhambe uye eningizimu ngaphandle komgwaqo cishe ngo-80 km.

Empeleni, le mlilo utholakale kude kakhulu nomuzi. Kodwa-ke, abavakashi abanolwazi bayamvakashela ngaphandle komhlahlandlela. Ukuzikhandla-ukukhuphuka kwentaba yaseMutnovsky kungaqeda kabi.

Izingozi zihle, kepha izwe elingenamakhelwane laseKamchatka ligcwele ubuningi. Isibonelo, ngokwempela ngemizuzwana engu-30 nxazonke kungagubuza inkungu engenakukwazi ukungena. Uma umuntu ehamba endleleni, inhlekelele ethile ngeke kwenzeke. Kodwa uma kwenzeka umhlaba ugcwele iqhwa, ungalahleka ngomzuzwana nje.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunezinyosi eziningi kulezi zindawo. Futhi ezimweni eziningi lezi zilwane ziziphatha kabi kakhulu kumuntu. Njengoba izakhamizi zendawo zithi, ibhere lihlala ku-volcano ngokwayo, okuvame ukubonakala ngamabhubhu. Ama-Wanders eduze nemithambeka yale ntaba kanye nenduku enkulu yokuxhuma.

Njengoba ungahambelani ne-volcano, akufanele ukushayela ngisho ngemoto. Ukuze ufike emthonjeni ontaba uMutnovsky (Kamchatka) kungenzeka ngokusebenzisa ukushisa kwamaHlathi. Ngalesi sendawo encane i-asphalt iphela, futhi kuqale ukuphazamiseka okukhulu, okungeke kwenzeke ukuthi kunqobe ngaphandle kokuhlangenwe nakho okuhle.

Iyini intaba

Ukuphakama kwe-volcano yeMutnovsky kungu-2322 m ngaphezu kwezinga lolwandle. Okusho ukuthi, le ntaba inkulu kakhulu. I-volcano ithandwa ngabavakashi ikakhulukazi ngoba ingomunye wabantu abangenalutho futhi abahlala eKamchatka. Kunoma yikuphi, izinsika ze-steam, ezivela emgodini wayo kuze kube yi-kilometer, zingabonwa njalo.

Intaba yentaba yaseMutnovsky inesakhiwo esiyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu. Uhlaka lwayo luyakha kanye kanye nama-cones amane. Ama-craters angenyakatho-ntshonalanga naseningizimu-mpumalanga abonakala kakhulu kuwo. Babonakala ngezigaba eziningana futhi manje bafinyelela amakhilomitha amabili ububanzi. Ingxenye yeseningizimu-ntshonalanga yeMutnovsky igcwele iqhwa. Izindebe zentaba-mlilo ziqukethe izithombe eziqukethe ama-lava agelezayo nama-slag cones.

Okuncane kancane entshonalanga ye-craters yilapho okuthiwa i-funnel esebenzayo. Lapha ungabona ukubonakaliswa okusheshayo okukhulu komsebenzi we-volcanic.

Umlando wokuqhuma

Njengoba sekushiwo kakade, intaba-mlilo yaseMutnovsky isasebenza. Phakathi neminyaka eyikhulu edlule, ukuqhuma lapha kuye kwenzeka cishe izikhathi eziyishumi. Futhi umthombo wodaka oshisayo ovuthayo wawuyi-funnel esebenzayo. Ukuqhuma kokugcina kubonwe ngo-2000.

Umthamo omkhulu wegesi, idwala eliqinile kanye nomlotha waqhamuka ubude buka 2.5 km. Idaka elishisayo ligeleza ngesikhathi esifanayo lihla enyakatho ye-ntshonalanga. Ubude bayo buyizingamamitha ayi-600. Ngenxa yalokhu kuqhuma, kwavela esinye isikhukhula esiqhingini, esasigcwele amanzi eshisayo.

Kungani intaba-mlilo idonsela abavakashi

Kamchatka - izwe linonya, lingenamusa, kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo lihle kakhulu. Ezimweni eziningi, abantu bakhuphuka izintaba-mlilo, kanye nezintaba ezivamile, ukuze bajabulele imibono yokuvula. UMutnovsky kulokhu kuhlukile. Njengoba i-volcano ihlupha kakhulu, iza lapha ngokuyinhloko ukubona ukubonakala komsebenzi wayo.

Amathafa we-volcano yeMutnovsky - indawo iyingozi kakhulu. Ukuhamba kuwo ngaphandle kokuhambisa isiqondiso akufanelekile, ngoba umsebenzi walokhu kuvukela kwentaba uveza efomini:

• I-Fumarol - ukuphazamisa, okuwumthombo wamanzi negesi lomoya. Ngoba ngenxa yabo eMutnovsky inqanda kakhulu amaqanda abolile. Imigwaqo yalezi ziqhekeko zimbozwe nge-sulfur deposits. Labo abanjwe ekukhululweni kwezivakashi zegesi bayelulekwa ukuba babambe umoya. Uma kungenjalo, ungakwazi ukumane ubuthi ubuthi nomoya we-hydrogen sulfide.
• Luzh ngodaka olubilisa. Ukusondelana nakakhulu nama-boilers anjalo akukwazi ukusondelwa. Iqiniso liwukuthi ngezinye izikhathi "bahlambalaza" amanzi ashisayo isikhathi eside. Kubuye kwenzeke ukuthi lezi zimpungushe zifihle ngaphansi kweqhwa. Kulesi simo, bayisicupho esiyingozi.

Ukukhuphuka intaba-mlilo iPutnovsky amakhilomitha ambalwa ukuhamba. Umzila wezimoto emthambekeni wayo wokuhamba, yiqiniso, cha. Kufanele uthathe skis nawe. Ngisho ehlobo, kwezinye izindawo, amathafa ase-volcano ahlanganiswe neqhwa elingapheli.

Umfula

Kusukela kwelinye lama-craters weMutnovsky kulandela umfudlana omkhulu wamanzi abizayo. Phakathi nobude bawo wonke lo mfula, ogama lakhe linguVulkannoy, uchitha nje inani elikhulu lamaminerali kanye ne-arsenic. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amanzi alo aqukethe isulfure. I-volcano iyawela emfuleni i-Mutnaya. Ngakho-ke, cishe, futhi waqamba igama le-volcano ngokwayo. Ngendlela, amanzi aseMutnaya angcolile nge-sulfur ne-arsenic ukuthi kuyo yonke inkambo yawo, kuze kube yilapho ilwandle, akupheli neze.

Yini enye ongayibona?

Ama-Fumaroles nama-puddles abilayo - umbukiso, yiqiniso, okuthakazelisayo okungavamile. Kodwa-ke, ngemva kokukhuphuka kwentaba yaseMutnovsky, ungase ubabaze ezinye izinto ezikhangayo zemvelo. Lokhu kufaka phakathi, isibonelo, ukwehluleka okujulile, okujulile kakhulu ngezindonga eziqondile - eziyingozi. Kusukela kwelinye lamaphethelo alo i-waterfall idabula uMfula iVulkannaya.

Imifula egeleza esuka eMutnovsky, efuthelwa yizinto ezenziwa yi-volcanic, yakha amahle labyrinth amahle kakhulu e-glacier emithambekeni. Uma ungena kwenye yale mibandela, ungayithanda imisebe yelanga ilanga eliphakathi kwamanzi afriziwe.

Imizila ethandwa kakhulu

Ungafinyelela entabeni ngezindlela eziningana. Imigwaqo ethandwa kakhulu yi-Mutnovsky intaba-mlilo emotweni yezimoto. Uhambo olunjalo lubiza kuphela ama-ruble angu-5-6.5 ayizinkulungwane zabantu. Le mizila ivame ukuhlinzeka ngezinsizakalo hhayi kuphela kumqondisi, kodwa nakumpheki. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izivakashi ezathengisa i-excursion zinikezwa amatende nezinye izinto zokusebenza.

Intaba ye-Mutnovsky, ukuvakashelwa okuthakazelisayo kakhulu, kuyamangalisa ngempela. Kodwa-ke, izivakashi ezanquma ukuya kuyo ngezimoto, zithole ithuba lokuhlola emgwaqeni nezinye izinto ezikhangayo:

• Isihluthulelo se-Spring Zaikin;
• Ibhuloho ngaphesheya koMfula iParatunka.

Futhi, abahambi bayamenywa ukuba bakhuphukele esiteji sokubona sePilvinsky pass. Ngomgwaqo, kufanele uthathe amabhaketi angenawo amanzi, amaglavu, izigqoko, izikhwama zokuthenga izinto eziqondene nomuntu siqu. Futhi, ikhambi lemiyane ne-ayisikhilimu ingasiza. Yiqiniso, kufanelekile ukuthatha intaba-mlilo yaseMutnovsky nesithombe noma imishini yevidiyo.

Abathandi bezemidlalo ezidume kakhulu banethuba lokuya kule ntaba edumile futhi bahambe. I-ejensi yokuhamba yasePetropavlovsk-Kamchatsky ihlela izinkambo zamaqembu amaningi ngezinsuku zokuqhuma kwentaba. Ukufika kule ndawo ngale ndlela, awukwazi nje ukuhlonipha isimo seKamchatka, amahlathi ayo azintombi namanzi, kodwa nokuthuthukisa impilo yakho. Cishe zonke izinyathelo zomgwaqo weMutnovsky zidlula ngamanzi aseKyyshinsky ashisa. Eduzane nabo, amaqembu ahlale enelisekile ngokumisa ukuze aphumule futhi agibele.

Intaba- mlilo esebenzayo uMutnovsky: ukubuyekezwa

Ngonyaka wonke le ndawo ezithakazelisayo kakhulu ivakashelwe inani elikhulu lezivakashi ezivela eRussia nakwamanye amazwe omhlaba. Ukubuyekeza mayelana naso kwinethiwekhi kuhle kuphela, futhi kuvame ukukhanya nje. Izivakashi eziningi ziyakukhuluma ngenjabulo ngalokhu kuqhuma kwezingqungquthela ezihlotshaneni ezihambelanayo, ngenkathi ziveza izinto ezithandeka kakhulu ezithombeni nezithombe zevidiyo. Abaningi abalandeli bezindawo ezingavamile bacabange ukuthi imifula "ye-Martian" kaMutnovsky iyamangalisa ngempela.

Le ntaba empeleni iyathakazelisa kakhulu. Ukunquma ukuvakashela intaba-mlilo yaseMutnovsky, indlela yokufinyelela kuyo, njengombuso, ukhathazekile kakhulu. Ukuze ufike kule ntaba, okokuqala, kudingeka udonse edolobheni lasePetropavlovsk-Kamchatsky kule ndege. Khona-ke nje udinga ukuthenga i-excursion. Labo abangesabi izingozi zokuhamba ezizimele, kungcono ukuthatha ithikithi lokuhamba ngebhayisikili emzaneni we-Thermal, bese uhamba ngezinyawo, uhlole emephini, noma uhambe ngokuhamba. Ungase futhi uqale ukugibela i-volcano kusuka eDachnoy.

I-Mutnovskaya Geothermal Station

Le nto futhi ibangela isithakazelo esizwakalayo sezivakashi. Isiteshi se-Mutnovskaya se geothermal sisebenza ngenxa yomsebenzi we-volcanic. Yiqiniso, ngeke kwenzeke ukuthi azitholele yena ngokwakhe. Into iyimodi. Noma kunjalo, uhambo lokubuka indawo oluneziqondiso zokuthenga lapha lungakhona. Ukuvakashela isiteshi, kuzodingeka ukhiphe ukungena ngokubhala uhlelo olufanele futhi uthumele ikhophi yepasipoti ensizakalweni yokuphepha.

Ungabheka le nto, ngokwesibonelo, emabhuloki we-geothermal, imithombo yamanzi, ama-turbines, ama-generator, njll. Umbono omuhle kakhulu we-volcano uMutnovsky uvula ensimini ye-GeoPP.

Ukuvakasha kwenziwa esiteshini somzimba ngokuziqasha nsuku zonke kusukela ngo-10 ekuseni kuya ku-17 ntambama. Ukuhamba ensimini yayo kuthatha imizuzu engaba ngu-60.