Inkumbulo yesikhathi eside ye-computer. amadivaysi isitoreji

I-computer isetshenziswa ukwandisa nekusebenta umsebenzi womuntu. Kodwa kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kuwufanele, uma ngingeke ngikwazi ukuza ukugcina idatha? Ngokwenza kanjalo, kusiza (non-oluyingozi) main nangaphandle inkumbulo computer. Nakuba isihloko esihlokweni sesibili ukuze isithombe siphelele, esigabeni esisodwa ngaphansi sihloko futhi ngeke udelon kuqala.

Lokho libhekisela kwimemori main?

Kuhlanganisa:

1. A okungahleliwe ukufinyelela inkumbulo. Kuyinto oluyingozi, futhi yonke imininingwane ukuthi egcinwe kwi elahlekile lapho ikhompyutha amvalele phansi.
2. yesitoreji unomphela. Kuyinto non-oluyingozi. Ngo kuba nokwaziswa ukuthi akumele ushintshwe. Okokuqala, kumayelana ukucushwa kwe-PC kanye isofthiwe ihlola amadivaysi ingxenye ngaphambi kulayishwa uhlelo lokusebenza. kwenye yezingxenye ezibaluleke kakhulu nalo kugcinwe lapha - eyisisekelo okokufaka / okukhipha uhlelo, eyaziwa ngokuthi i-BIOS. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi ROM kanye inkumbulo yesikhathi eside computer abe kuningi abafana ngakho. Kodwa ngenxa umehluko ulwazi olulondolozwe, ukubaluleka isabelo sabo.

inkumbulo asizayo

Ngakho ngokuthi indawo isitoreji isikhathi eside kukhona ezihlukahlukene idatha okwamanje esetshenziswa ingxenye tekusebenta ikhompyutha. Lezi zihlanganisa ezihlukahlukene izinhlelo, imiphumela izibalo, umbhalo kanye nokunye.

inkumbulo sangaphandle non-oluyingozi. Futhi, kulula ukuthutha ezimweni lapho amakhompyutha kungukuthi abanobunye LAN noma WAN. Ukuze sisebenze imemori yangaphandle, udinga ukuthola drive. Le idivayisi ekhethekile (s) eyenza ukuqopha nokufundwa kolwazi. Futhi kwakudingeka kukhona isitoreji izindlela - abezindaba.

A umehluko okukhulu ekungalayishweni oluyingozi inkumbulo RAM ukuthi akanayo ukuxhumana okuqondile ne processor. It ihambisa izimo ezithile kokuba yinkimbinkimbi isakhiwo PC. Ngakho-ke, imemori ukusebenza kanye eside umsebenzi ikhompyutha ndawonye: kusukela idatha yesibili idluliselwa kuqala, bese ngokusebenzisa i-cache noma ngqo processor.

Yini ehlanganisiwe kwimemori bangaphandle?

Ukuze siqonde ukuthi sisebenzelana nabantu, kubalulekile ukucabanga nedivayisi yangaphandle isitoreji idatha. Ngakho, aphathe ke:

1. oshayelayo disk Hard. Usayizi izimpahla idatha isetshenziswa kube inkomba yokuthi inani ukwaziswa okungatholakala egcinwe kukhompyutha.
2. Sishisekela ku disk floppy. Yisikhathi. Isetshenziswa ezinhlelweni zokuthutha futhi imibhalo phakathi kwamakhompyutha.
3. Oshayelayo kwi-CD. Zisetshenziswa ukugcina esiningi idatha.
4. Amadrayivu e-Flash. Zisetshenziswa ukugcina esiningi idatha ku izinto ezincane.
5. Ukuze imemori yangaphandle zonke ezinye ngemoto, engasetshenziswa kalula idluliselwe amanye amakhompyutha. Njengomthetho, zingabantu isikhathi futhi ngaphandle kwegazi.

zokuhlukanisa

Amadivayisi isitoreji zihlukaniswe izinhlobo nezigaba. Njengoba legumbi azithathe izimiso wokusebenza wabo, isofthiwe ukusebenza kanye lobuchwepheshe, ngokomzimba kanye nezinye izici. Idivayisi ngalinye has zayo siqu ukuqoshwa ubuchwepheshe / isitoreji / ukudlalwa zasemoyeni. I izici eziyinhloko abalulekile abasebenzisi (kubo kungenzeka zokuhlukanisa):

1. Ijubane ukushintshanisa kwe-data.
2. umthamo Imininingwane.
3. Nokwethenjelwa yokugcinwa kokwaziswa.
4. Izindleko.

Lapha ku nemingcele ezifana namadivayisi isitoreji ezahlukene. Yiqiniso, zikhona namanje izici eziningi ezahlukene, kodwa bayoba nesithakazelo kuphela ochwepheshe.

amadivaysi kazibuthe

Isimiso ezisebenza alamathuluzi isekelwe ulwazi isitoreji lapho izakhiwo magnetic ezisetshenziswa. Amadivayisi ngokwabo, ngokujwayelekile kumele izingxenye ukuthi banesibopho sokufunda / zibhalwe futhi isithwali kazibuthe lapho bonke agcinwe. Kugcine ihlukaniswe izinhlobo kuncike izici zabo ezingokwenyama lobuchwepheshe kanye nezici ukusebenza. Ngokuvamile secrete tape oshayelayo disk. Banezinhliziyo ubuchwepheshe ezivamile: isibonelo, usebenzisa magnetizing kushintshana kazibuthe sisetshenziswa futhi ulwazi funda. Lezi zinqubo kuvame ukwenziwa kanye Amasimu eyindilinga. Lawa amathrekhi ekhethekile zitholakala yonkana indiza ukwesekwa yokunyathelisa. Ukubhala wenziwa ikhodi digital.

Magnetization ufezwa ngokusebenzisa wokufundwayo / bhala amakhanda. Ziyakwazi okungenani ezimbili luyalawuleka wesifunda kazibuthe kanye core. emazombezombe yabo sidla AC voltage. Uma inani layo washintsha, okufanayo kusebenza isiqondiso imigqa yamandla kazibuthe omhlaba. Uma le nqubo kwenzeka, ukubaluleka bit lwazi washintsha kusuka 0 kuya 1 noma 1 kuya 0. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi idivayisi ahlelwe inkumbulo oluyingozi-computer.

Naphezu eyinkimbinkimbi nobumbi yokuhamba kancane kohlelo olunjalo, siyabanika alinge ukukuqinisekisa ukuthi lezi ezizathwini kuthiwa kungafaneleki. Ngakho, i-computer ye-yesimanje hard disk oshayelayo kungaba izikhathi ezithile kukhishwe imali enkulu yolwazi. Uma isici okukhipha kahle, i- yangaphandle inkumbulo kudivayisi, zakhishwa eminyakeni embalwa edlule, kuzoba kuleli ezinkulungwaneni noma izikhathi ngaphezu kwalawo adalwe neminyaka engamashumi amabili edlule.

inhlangano

Idatha for uhlelo lokusebenza kuthiwa systematized futhi zenziwe imikhakha namaculo. I wokugcina inani izingcezu amane noma ayisishiyagalombili mincane izindandatho eyindilinga kudiski. ithrekhi ngayinye ihlukaniswe yaba izingxenye ahlukene, ababiziweyo imikhakha. Lapho ukufunda noma ukubhala, ngangihlale uwafunde inamba. Futhi akuxhomekile inani ulwazi oluceliwe. Usayizi owodwa wemboni 512 bytes.

Kufanele futhi ujwayelene eside, njengoba uMbhalo. Ngakho sikubiza lonke inani amathrekhi, lapho ungase ukwazi ukufunda ulwazi ngaphandle ezihambayo ekhanda. Cell idatha nokubekwa (noma cluster) ibizwa ngokuthi endaweni owesincane disk esetshenziswa ohlelweni lokusebenza ukubhala amafayela. Ngokuvamile, bayaqaphela eyodwa noma ngaphezulu imikhakha.

Mayelana oshayelayo. hard drive

Okubaluleke kunakho konke ukusebenza ngama-computer yesimanje njengoba ulwazi ekhosombeni babe nama-hard drive kithi. Kuzo kwelinye iphakethe ngokuvamile ifakwe ngqo aphakathi wokufundwayo bhala idivayisi iphinde esibonakalayo ingxenye (uvame ukubizwa ngokuthi isilawuli) /. Lokho zinsizakuphila ehlangana indawana ekhethekile, bakuphi ku-eksisi efanayo futhi sisebenza ne kuyunithi kanye ezivamile indlela ehamba phambili. hard drive okwamanje esetshenziswa kakhulu amadivayisi nge umthamo - manje bambalwa kakhulu abantu bazokwazi kusimangaze onalo kolwazi 1 noma 10 terabytes. Kodwa namanje kuthinta ijubane ukusebenza. Ngakho, lapho ngiqala umsebenzi, ukufunda inqubo wedatha epheleleko kungathatha ngaphezu imizuzwana kweshumi. Nakuba, uma iqhathaniswa onobuhle amadala, ijubane intuthuko kusobala.

On ngemoto, ephathekayo

hard drive, njengoba iye ngokuphindaphindiwe kugcizelelwe, ungakwazi ukugcina semali idatha, kodwa transposition azo ukusuka kwenye ikhompyutha kwenye akuyona into elula. Futhi lapha ukusiza kumadivayisi ephathekayo.

Lokhu izindlela eziqondile ngawo kungenzeka ngaphandle kwezinkinga ezinkulu ukudlulisa idatha phakathi kwamakhompyutha ezahlukene. Umthamo imemori yangaphandle bona abenzanga njalo sifana idrayivu kanzima, kodwa sibonga kalula yezokuthutha uxhumano (bese ufunda ulwazi) bayitholile niche yabo. Okwamanje, ethandwa kakhulu ezimbili zama-kumadivayisi ezifana: flash ngemoto akwazi ukugcina optical. Ngamunye wabo kunezinzuzo zako kanye nebubi, kodwa sekuyisikhathi eside emhlabeni kwaba ukuthambekela kokuquleka yayo kancane kancane uhlobo lokuqala amadivayisi.

isiphetho

Njengoba ubona, ukuze imemori eside computer osebenza eziningi ezahlukene zamadivayisi. Bonke ahlinzeke isitoreji idatha isikhathi eside, kanye nokwenzeka ukususwa kwabo.

Efingqa, singasho ukuthi imemori eside computer uzosigcwalisa ngokuphelele ke sokusebenza.