Indlela yokwenza ukhonkolo refractory ngezandla zabo?

Ukwakhiwa izindawo ngezinhloso ezahlukene ngokuvamile zidinga ukusetshenziswa ngezinto ezingashi. Zingasetshenziswa ukuvikela abantu kanye nezinhlaka zawo. Njengoba omunye izinto ezinjalo kuphuma ukhonkolo refractory. Ezinye ezahlukeneyo balo bayakwazi othola ukuchayeka okushisa afinyelela ku-1000 ° C, futhi ukuma izakhiwo ewusizo ayagcinwa.

izakhiwo Key

Phakathi izici eziyinhloko aphathekako afana kufanele ezigqanyisiwe:

• refractoriness okusezingeni eliphezulu;
• sithuthukiswe izakhiwo ukusebenza;
• amandla;
• kungekho kudingeke usebenzise labadubuli inqubo eqolo enkulu ekwakhekeni.

Kuze kube manje, ukhonkolo refractory kungenziwa labizwa ngesisindo. Zenze noma kungachazwa esachazwa zinhlobo ezilandelayo impahla:

• kanzima;
• lula;
• Mesh;
• esindayo.

Ngenxa yalokho, izinto ingatholakala okungase enze umsebenzi kwesakhiwo noma ekuvikeleni ukuthi kuncike Ukwakheka isithako.

izici yokukhiqiza

Uma unqume ukwenza ukhonkolo refractory, kufanele kube sihlolisise ngezithako zawo. Material ababulawa ngesisekelo yezingxenye eziyisisekelo futhi izithasiselo ezithile, phakathi awo:

• isihlabathi Fireclay;
• Magnesite;
• Ezahlukene izinhlobo yemfucumfucu ;
• usimende aluminous.

Phakathi izithasiselo ukuba namanje ukwaba isigayo phansi namaminerali, okunikeza amandla impahla. Phakathi izithasiselo ezifana:

• ilula;
• fake kutsho ore chromite;
• Ukuqhuma esithandweni slag.

Lezi zingxenye kunezelwa ukwandisa kwabantu hhayi kuphela umkhiqizo osuphelile, kodwa futhi ukwakheka ezomile. Ngezinye izikhathi, izibambindawo ukukhiqiza ezenziwe ngaphansi isitshalo, kodwa kwezinye izimo lingasetshenziswa rocks refractory futhi ukulwa wadubula izitini refractory. Emabanga ahlukahlukene ngokhonkolo ungeze lokubolekwa ka imibango ezahlukene. Uma kuyindaba indawo, izakhi zingase zibe ububanzi ku ezahlukene 5 kuya 25 mm. Uma kuziwa izinhlawulo, kuba kumkhawulo 0.15 no-5 mm. Phakathi kwalokhu kudla kuphezu kufanele ezigqanyisiwe:

• Magnesite izitini;
• izitini fireclay;
• ukulwa isitini oluvamile;
• slag aluminous;
• diabase;
• basalt;
• mpilo kuqhuma esithandweni slag.

Okuvame kakhulu phakathi abathengi kuyinto ukhonkolo refractory, okuyinto ekhiqizwa usebenzisa umlilo ubumba, ngoba elihlangabezana nazo zonke izidingo ukwakhiwa. Izithako aluminophosphate ne liquid ingilazi isenzo njengommeli kunye. Portland, Magnesite futhi ukuqinisa aluminous , futhi sikhonze njengoFakazi binders izingxenye. Uma izithako kunezelwa ingilazi yamanzi, kungaba ngcono ukusebenza. Lokhu kuyiqiniso ikakhulukazi uma mix ukhonkolo esetshenziswa yakha isendlalelo usimende.

Ukuze uthole amanye amathiphu ubuchwepheshe

ukhonkolo Refractory, okwakhiwa kwalo kuchazwa esihlokweni, kungase kudingeke uhlobo oluthile. ezihlukahlukene ngasinye sidinga ukwengeza plasticizer yayo, Magnesite izimpushana futhi ferrochromium slag. Uma usunawo umgomo ukulungiselela ukhonkolo engasindi, kufanele usebenzise izinto enwetshiwe uhlobo:

• vermiculite;
• ubumba enwetshiwe;
• Perlite.

Uma unquma oda kukhiqizwe ingxube kuchwepheshe, isilinganiso yezingxenye, bayohlala thatha ngokwabo, ngokuhambisana iphrojekthi yakho. Ukwakheka ikhethwa ngokuvumelana nokusebenza lokushisa futhi inkonzo izimo.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, indlela yokwakheka uhlobo yamathebhu

Uma unquma ukwenza ukhonkolo refractory ngezandla zabo, ke usuke ingasetshenziswa fillers ezahlukene, okuyilezi:

• dinas;
• corundum;
• asebenza ngebhethri;
• amamiksi ngomumo.

Uma ucabangela Ukwakheka ukhonkolo, ukugqamisa sha. Ngokwesibonelo, ASBG kuyinto ezomile refractory aluminium-equkethe ingxube, okuyinto esetshenziswa yokusansimbi ayoni futhi nonferrous namandla ezishisayo. ukhonkolo High-alumina nge izakhiwo refractory esifushanisiwe VGBS futhi kuhloswe ukwakha ulwelwesi Monolithic wokuhlwanyela ladles, izindonga phansi idivayisi.

Ukwakheka enjalo ingase isetshenziselwe okushisa afinyelela ku-1800 ° C. Ukugxilisa ingxube dry ephezulu Saba ebekwe izincwadi. Yenzelwe amayunithi ezishisayo, Ohhavini kanye apharathasi ungqimba abalwazi kahle ulimi. Ukuchayeka okushisa ongafinyelela ezingeni 750 ° C.

screed

Omiswe ngokhonkolo refractory kungaba kwenziwe emva kokuphothulwa isinyathelo ukuqina. Kulokhu emoyeni isetshenziswa kanye lokushisa kuma akufanele kube ngaphansana +10 ° C. Ngaphambi kokuqala Ukushisa ukhonkolo kufanele kugcinwe ngosuku noma ngaphezulu oveza isimo izinze. ukusebenza omiswe ivumela ukunciphisa inani lamanzi khulula e ukhonkolo, okungasenza yokusabela chemical phakathi umkhathi ebusweni ulwelwesi.

Ngemva kokuphulukisa liner ishiywa esimweni ezinomswakama ngaphandle omiswe. Ngemva sokwelapha kuqedile kufanele kube ulwelwesi ezomile. Uma lokhu kungeke kwenzeke, ukhonkolo ishiywa endaweni avaliwe ezinomswakama. Kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa komoya okuhle noma ushiye liner endaweni kahle umoya. Uma uyazibuza indlela yokwenza ukhonkolo refractory, kumelwe babe abaphile ujwayelene izici ngisho ukukupheka kokuhlinzwa. Ngokwesibonelo, isinyathelo omiswe kungathatha indawo usebenzisa umlandeli ofanele noma Blower, okuyinto uzokwanelisa agcwalise isisu ngomoya wasempumalanga.

Izici nomkhombe

Ngaphambi kokwenza ukhonkolo refractory ngezandla zabo, indlela yokwakheka isixazululo kumele akhethwe ngokucophelela. Lokhu kwashiwo ngenhla. Ngokuqondene izici kuhlangana ke kunconywa ukusebenzisa gwedla. Kungcono ngoba ukhonkolo ukushisa-nangokuvikela, kodwa izixazululo okuqinile futhi ngaso sonke kudingeka, ngoba ivumela ukuba uhlanganise nombala futhi ngendlela efanele impahla nge ukwengeza amanzi kancane. Ngokuphathelene ngomshini ohlanganisa usemende ke umphumela kuyoba nzima kakhulu ukufeza.

Lokhu kuncoma efanele futhi ngenxa yokuthi, ngenxa aminyene ukhonkolo umswakama okuqukethwe kungaba ezibucayi. Phela, izinto ezichazwe amandla esiphezulu liyadingeka, kanye ukuminyana elilungile. Ngokwemvelo yabo, nangokuvikela ukhonkolo athambile kunamafutha obukhulu, ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukuthi basuke wayixova nge lemali edingekayo amanzi. ngokweqile ayo akwazi zinciphisa amandla kanye kwabantu, kuyilapho ukuntula ngeke zinciphisa isivuno.

Olinganise ngokhonkolo refractory

Ukulungiselela ngokhonkolo refractory okufanele iqhutshwe kuhambisana ngezabelo ezithile. Uma usebenzisa izinto bahlela ukwakha umlilo, bese ngemva solidifying ikhambi okumele akwazi ukumelana namazinga okubanda afinyelela ku uhla 1200 ° C. Kusukela ingxube zingenziwa iziko kanye firebox. Ukuze umsebenzi uzodinga ukhonkolo okuyingxenye 1 M-400, izingxenye 2 isihlabathi izitini refractory, izingxenye efanayo imvuthuluka impi izitini, 0.33 ingxenye chamotte uthuli okufakiwe.

Uma uhlela ukwakha isikhungo okuqinile, ngaleso sikhathi kuqhubeke kuye ngesikhathi ukusebenza Ukushisa imishini sizothinta kube unomphela ilangabi evulekile. Lokhu kudinga ukulungiselela isixazululo nge olinganise ezilandelayo: 2.5 izingxenye itshe ochotshoziwe, ukhonkolo ingxenye, 0.33 ingxenye chamotte isihlabathi. Kepha imfucumfucu, kungase eyenziwe asebenza ngebhethri noma ngezitini ezibomvu, okukanye ngezinye izikhathi asetshenziswa isigayo phansi ngezitini ezibomvu.

isiphetho

Properties of isixazululo ngokudala ukhonkolo refractory ezifana nalezo ezazisetshenziselwa ukwenza in ezivamile usimende slurry kuhlangana. Uma yokugcwalisa ukuba kwenziwe phakathi formwork, ukunyakaza kufanele iqondiswe ngokwewashi. Ngezinye izikhathi imikhiqizo zisetshenziselwa tekwakha Umumo kusuka plywood.

Ukuze ugweme ukuhwamuka kwamanzi ngesikhathi solidification, isikhunta ngemva womshini kumele uphawu. Lokhu kusiza ukususwa kulula ka Castings. Indlela elula seal - polyethylene, kodwa ukuze athole imiphumela emihle, kufanele usebenzise abicah, okuyinto pre-agcotshisiwe ngamafutha zemifino.