Indlela yokwenza kahle ama-tube amplifiers ngezandla zakho

Kulesi sihloko uzofunda ukuthi ungenza kanjani ama-tube amplifiers ngezandla zakho ezakhiweni ezingalungile. Akuyona imfihlo ukuthi ithoni izwakala iyona enhle kunazo zonke, abalandeli bayo bayoba khona ngaso sonke isikhathi, naphezu kokuthi imakethe igcwele izinto eziningi zokuhlinzeka ngemishini encane emasikisini kanye nama microcircuits. Cabangela ngokuningiliziwe ukuthi yini okufanele ucabange lapho ukhiqiza i-tube amplifier.

Ukudla kunzima kakhulu

Yebo, ukunikezwa kwamandla kungabangela izinkinga, ngoba uzodinga amanani amabili we-voltage ye-AC: 6.3 V we-filament filament kanye no-150 V wezinkinobho zesibani. Into yokuqala okudingayo ukuzifunela yona yilawo amandla okuklama kwesikhathi esizayo. Lokhu kuthinta amandla we-transformer ngokunikezwa kwamandla. Sicela wazi ukuthi i-transformer kumele ibe nemimoya emithathu. Ngaphandle kwamandla anjalo anikeze amandla okwenza ama-tube amplifiers ngezandla zakho.

Ngaphandle kwesibili esingenhla, kufanele kube nenethiwekhi (eyinhloko). Kumele kube nokuningi okuphendukayo okungenzeka ukuze i-transformer isebenze kwimodi evamile. Futhi ngisho nangomthwalo omkhulu (futhi ugijima emotheni kuze kufike ku-250 V), ukuqhuma akufanele kungaphezulu. Yiqiniso, ubukhulu bokunikezwa kwamandla buyoba nzima kakhulu ngenxa yobukhulu obukhulu be-transformer.

I-Rectifier

Udinga ukwenza i-rectifier ukuze uthole ubuncane be-volts ka-150 volts DC. Ukuze wenze lokhu, sebenzisa umjikelezo wesibhuloho ukuxhuma ama-diode. Ukuklama kwamandla angasebenzisa i-diodes D226. Uma ufuna ukwenza ukwethembeka okuphezulu, sebenzisa i-D219 (banomsebenzi ophezulu wokusebenza wama-amperes angu-10). Uma wenza i-tube amplifiers ngokwakho, gcina imithetho yokuphepha.

Akuwona umsebenzi omubi emibuthanweni yamandla we-diode yamandla. Udinga kuphela ukukhetha labo abakwazi ukusebenza ngendlela evamile ekuqhumeni kuya ku-300 volts. Qaphela ngokukhethekile ukuhlunga umkhiqizo we-voltage DC - faka ama-capacitors angu-3-4 e-electrolytic axhunyiwe nge-parallel. Ikhono ngalinye kufanele libe okungenani ngu-50 uF, umthamo wokunikezela ungaphezu kuka-300 V.

Isifunda se- Preamplifier ngezibani

Ngakho, manje usondelene nesifunda uqobo. Uma wenza i-tube guitar amplifier ngokwakho, noma ukudlala umculo, udinga ukuqonda ukuthi into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuphepha nokuthembeka. Izifunda ezivame kakhulu zinezigaba ezimbili noma ezimbili ze-preamplifier kanye nokuphela kokuphela. Okuqanjelwe kwakhiwe kuma-triode. Njengoba kukhona amashubhu omsakazo, lapho kukhona ama-triode amabili kwesinye isixhumi, ungagcina isikhala esincane ngesikhathi sokufakwa.

Futhi manje ukuthi yiziphi izakhi eziqukethe i-tube amplifiers. Ngezandla zakho siqu, kufanele ubeke konke ndawonye ngesakhiwo esisodwa. Ukuze uthole isibani ku-preamplifier, kungcono ukusebenzisa i-6Н2П, 6Н23П, 6Н1П. Futhi, naphezu kokuthi zonke lezi zibane zifana nomunye nomunye, i-6N23P izwakala kakhulu. Lesi sibani singatholakala kwi-block PTK (ukushintshwa kweziteshi zethelevishini) yamabhayisikobho amnyama omnyama namhlophe afana ne- "Qopha", "Spring-308", njll.

Isigaba sokugcina se-amplifier

Isibani esikhiqizwayo ngokuvamile siyi-6P14P, 6P3S, G-807. Futhi okokuqala kuyoba yinto encane kunazo zonke, kodwa ezokugcina ezimbili ziyizilinganiso ezihle kakhulu. Futhi ku-G-807 i-anode futhi nhlobo kuyingxenye ephezulu yesilinda. Qaphela ukuthi ngaphakathi kwe-tube ULF kuyadingeka ukuthi usebenzise i-transformer ukuxhuma ama-acoustics. Ngaphandle kwe-transformer efanayo efanayo, awukwazi ukwenza i-tube amplifier ngokwakho.

Izinguquko ze-TCE ezisetshenziselwa umsebenzi wokuskena oqondile ziphuma kahle. Ukuqhutshwa kwayo okuyinhloko kushintshaniswa phakathi kokunye kokunikezwa kwamandla kanye ne-anode yesibani sokukhishwa. Ngokuhambisana ne-windings, i-capacitor ixhunyiwe. Futhi kubaluleke kakhulu ukukhetha okulungile! Okokuqala, kufanele kube iphepha (njenge-MBM). Okwesibili, amandla ayo kufanele abe okungenani ama-3300 pF. Ungasebenzisi i-electrolytic noma i-ceramic.

Ukulungiswa kanye nomsindo we-stereo

Yenza umsindo we-stereo kulula kakhulu. Kwanele nje ukwenza iziphakamisi ezimbili ezifanayo. Ungathola inqubo yobudala yaseSoviet nge-stereo tube amplifier. Ngezandla zakho, ungaphinda uphinde uhlele. Kodwa udinga ukucabangela ezinye zezici:

1. Ukulawula ivolumu kuxhunywe ngokuqondile ekufakweni kwe-amplifier. Ukuphikisana okuguquguqukayo, okusetshenziselwa wona, kudinga ukukhethwa njengokuthi endlini eyodwa kunezici ezimbili kwi-axis. Ngamanye amazwi, ukuze kuthi lapho i-knob ijikelezwa, ukuphikiswa kwamabili okuphikisanayo kushintsha ngesikhathi esisodwa.
2. Izidingo ezifanayo ziyasebenza kumlawuli wezimvamisa. Iphenduka isifunda se-anode se-triode yokuqala ye-preamplifier.

Ukuvalwa kwe-amplifier

Uma wenza ithrekhi yegubhu amplifier ngezandla zakho, sebenzisa i-case yensimbi inengqondo. Ngeke esabe ukushayisana nezinye izinkinga ezincane. Kodwa uma wenza i-amplifier ukusetshenziswa ekhaya, isibonelo, ukuxhuma kumdlali, ikhompyutha, ngakho-ke kunengqondo kakhulu ukusebenzisa icala elenziwe ngokhuni. Kodwa udinga ukucabangela ukuthi i-transformer yamandla kufanele ihanjiswe emzimbeni ngamabhasiki enjoloba. Ngosizo lwabo, ukudlidliza kuncishisiwe.

Kuningi kuxhomeke kulokho okuzobe kwenzeka nge-tube amplifier. Ngezandla zabo, izingcweti eziningi zenza amacala e-sheet aluminium. Uma isibani sithinteka ngisho nokudlidliza okuncane, igridi yayo izoqala ukuphazamisa. Futhi lezi zinguquko zizoqala ukwandisa, futhi umphumela wu-buzz kuzikhulumi. Futhi, udinga ukwenza ibhasi elivamile, okufanele lidlule eduze kwazo zonke izibani ezakha umklamo. Zonke izintambo lapho isibonakaliso siya khona kufanele zihlolwe ngokugcwele - lokhu kuzosusa izinhlobo ezahlukene zokuphazamiseka.

Imidwebo ne-transistors

Futhi omunye umklamo othakazelisayo yi-tube-transistor amplifiers. Ungakwenza ngezandla zakho ngokwakho ngokuhlwa kusihlwa. Kodwa ukwakheka kwesibani, njengomthetho, kwenziwa ngokufakwa okuhlangene. Kuyinto elula kakhulu futhi elula. Futhi uma kwenzeka uma kusetshenziselwa ukuguqula, kudingeka usebenzise ukuhlelwa okuprintiwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kudingeke ukuba kube nemvolumu yezingu-9 noma ezingu-12 ukuze kutholakale izigaba ze-transistor. Futhi ama-transistors asetshenziselwa ukwakha i-cascade yangaphambili yokukhulisa. Ngamanye amazwi, uzobe nesibani esisodwa - esiteji sokuphuma (noma ezimbili, uma kungu-version stereo).