Indlela - Iyini? Izinhlobo izingidi, isimiso isinyathelo

"Ukuxhumana" kuhlanganisa amakhompyutha ndawonye kumadivayisi amaningi, futhi omunye wabo - esangweni. Yini leyo? Yiziphi izinhlobo ezahlukene? Kuyini isimiso izenzo zaso?

Uyini Gateway

Leli gama has a router hardware, kanye software isetshenziswa ukuxhuma amanethiwekhi computer. Imfuneko ukusetshenziswa Izivumelwano izinhlobo ezahlukene (isib, lendawo noma global). Ukubona esangweni esetshenziswa buso. Lena esehlukile kule Inethiwekhi yomhlabajikelele. Kukholakala ukuthi esangweni ifakiwe, uma kukhona ukudluliselwa ewusizo kusukela umbono we idatha yomsebenzisi.

Yini yesizinda sakhe

Gateway uqhuba olandelwayo ukuguqulwa komunye uhlobo kwenye. Isibonelo esihle kunjalo uma uxhumeke kwi-computer zendawo inethiwekhi global. Khona-ke, usebenzisa esangweni inethiwekhi. Ukuze uthumele Ngokwesibonelo hardware, ngibapha ukubheka okunye. I-Router (umzila), zithandwa kakhulu futhi wasebenzisa yidivayisi - ke kuyafana hardware kwesango. Abakwazi basebenze nazo zonke yokusebenza izinhlelo athandwayo. Main, kwenziwa umsebenzi wenethiwekhi lomasango - ukuguqulela yezifiso phakathi amanethiwekhi ezahlukene. Kungaba ukwamukela, inqubo bese uthumela amaphakethe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukudluliswa kwedatha engenziwa njengoba olandelwayo olulodwa, futhi abambalwa.

Indlela - lawa izikhonzi izinhlelo lobuchwepheshe ezingase zithathwe e hardware noma isofthiwe izixazululo, noma ixhunywe ndawonye (ukuthi kwenzeka kaningi kakhulu). Kodwa ngokuvamile ngaphansi kwabo kusho izicelo ezifakiwe router kanye / noma i-computer. Indlela - amadivayisi ukuthi kudingeka baqonde yonke yezifiso ukudlulisa idatha. Kufanele bakwazi ngemfihlo futhi ukuqopha yonke wathola futhi wathumela ulwazi. Ekhuluma amaphutha kwama, kufanele kuphawulwe ukuthi ngokuvamile okuningi kancane kuka ezivamile imizila, ukushintshwa bese inethiwekhi amabhuloho. Abakwazi ukwenza njenge engeyokuqala noma ekupheleni iphuzu kwi-Inthanethi. Ekhuluma esidlule, kubalulekile ukuba bahlukanise phakathi Sebawoti futhi kuphuma. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu. Ngakho, kuqala ukunikeza abasebenzisi amakhompyutha ikhasi lewebhu, kanti eyesibili - ukuxhuma amanethiwekhi ezahlukene. Lezi zingozi zihlanganisa ama-server elawula traffic kule ukuxhumana phakathi amakhompyutha inkampani kanye ne-Internet. Lapho lemiqulu emikhulu Gateway ngokuvamile kuhlanganiswe firewall kanye iphuzu proxy. Ukuze ukulawula ukwabiwa nokuguqulwa amaphakheji futhi simunye ne-router. Uma sikhuluma isofthiwe, it ingafakwa kokubili iseva kukhompyutha.

imisebenzi le-IP

It usungula imizila packet data ukudluliswa ahlukahlukene heterogeneous zenethiwekhi. Ingase futhi afeze kwasendaweni wonke traffic kusetshenzwe. Subnet kungaba Isango noma isiteshi idatha. Futhi, kukhona isici esithile ukuthi akakabi okwandile. Manje ukhuluma ngani esangweni izwi. Kuyadingeka ukuba adlulisele traffic umsindo. Voice Gateway isetshenziswa amafoni.

Umgomo we operation

Kwakungenzeka kanjani ukuba bonke kwenzeke? Indlela - idivaysi zingahanjiswa kumakhasi wonke wokusebenza ethandwa. Ngeke ubuyekeze indlela idatha isikhathi lapho umsebenzisi achofoze inkinobho "Thumela". Okokuqala kukhona incazelo usebenzisa ulimi umshini ukuthi lekhompyutha ludinga. Khona-ke lonke ulwazi code by ikhodi kanambambili. It ihlukaniswe yaba amaphakethe idatha. Ngamunye wabo liqukethe ulwazi kuleyo ngxenye uyilokho ayikho futhi lapho efuna. Ukubethela wenziwa. Khona-ke, isinqumo umzila, futhi amaphakethe idatha athunyelwa umamukeli. Lapho efika endaweni afudukela kuyo, khona-ke beka izinqubo ezichazwe ngenhla oda reverse, ngaphandle ukuthi ukuqaqwa wenziwa. Okungukuthi, abangabantwana kudivayisi uba router kwesango. Manje ake sibheke ukuthi kukhona izinhlobo ezahlukene kuphuma.

Okuzenzakalelayo Gateway

Amaminithi isihloko ikheli lapho konke okuhamba uthunyelwa, okuyiwona akunakwenzeka ukwakha umzila. Ngenxa yalesi impahla it is okubhekiselwa kuzo nangokuthi esangweni sokugcina. Ukucacisa lapho ukuthumela idatha usebenzisa itafula ekhethekile umzila. Uma umgomo oyinhloko alinikwa kungenzeka, badlula ku kuye. Isicelo kuphuma ye sokugcina ezitholakala amanethiwekhi lapho kuchazwa kahle imizila core, ukuze yilabo ababamele izingxenye, kanye usayizi encane. Ethebuleni, wabekela irekhodi: «0.0.0.0 inethiwekhi azenze 0.0.0.0». Ilungiselela esangweni le - akunzima (ngokuvamile amisiwe phakathi kokufakwa abashayeli).

lomasango ucingo

Lapho ubheka ikusasa, ethi alisetshenziswa le IDT. Isici nobuntu esangweni ukuthi unenkambu WC. Ngakho-ke, kungenzeka ukuba adlulisele kanye Februwari ⁵ = 32 amazwi inqubo ebizwa ngokuthi ngokusebenzisa kwawo.

lomasango inkinga

Inzuzo okubalulekile yokusebenza kwalo ngezindlela eziningi - lingakwazi ukusebenza zonke amatafula amathathu yokuchaza. Kodwa akasebenzisi nokuchema ensimini, ukuze bakwazi ukuthatha kunoma iyiphi value. Futhi, njengoba ingxenye kutholakala isicelo TSS. Ilungiselela esangweni, naphezu yokusebenza kwalo ngezindlela eziningi, - hhayi into elula.

lomasango uphazamisa

It is isetshenziswa IDT. Kungaba uphazamisa ifulege UMA kabusha lapho bengena inqubo ukucubungula. Njengoba ukubaluleka yangaphambili irejista usindiswe njalo kwisitaki uma Ushiye kusukela umsebenzi owenziwayo, kuthatha isikhundla yayo yasekuqaleni. Inzuzo ebalulekile wukuthi esangweni Ungasingatha ingxenye iphazamisa ezenzeka imodi CLI.

izicupho lomasango

Yena, futhi, isetshenziswa kuphela ku IDT. Ngesikhathi esifanayo yena yanikezelwa isihloko esangweni elula. Ngakho, lapho kokuphazamiseka iza, uyahamba inqubo ukucubungula. Uma kudingeka, kungase ngisho kwenziwe we inkinobho isitaki. Ake sihlolisise kwelinye kuvezwa ngezindlela amasampula sihloko.

izici engeziwe usebenzisa esangweni okuzenzakalelayo

Ngokuvamile, yilokho abayikho, futhi iyiphi indima e ukuthumela idatha? Ngenhla ke kunemifanekiso ebonisa kungenzeka eyodwa kuphela, kodwa ingabe akukhona ukunikeza umqondo ogcwele yini futhi kanjani. Ngakho-ke, esangweni okuzenzakalelayo ikuvumela ukuba lula ukudidiyela traffic. Kanjani? Ukuze wenze lokhu, ithumela yonke idatha etholwe kwizimboni imizila, okuyinto kungabonwa ngaphezulu "ngobuningi" imidwebo, futhi ngokufanele - banayo yithuba elihle ukuthola umamukeli. Futhi qaphela ukuthi ithebula umzila workstation. Ngakho, ke lineluphu, inethiwekhi ingxenye yendawo kanye langempela okuzenzakalelayo kwesango. Indima yokugcina - ukuthola zonke traffic, ezingalotshwanga asebenzelana umamukeli ezimbili zokuqala. Lapho kumadivayisi amaningi noma izingcezu imishini exhunywe kwi-router efanayo, ukusetshenziswa esangweni okuzenzakalelayo - ifomu kuphela etholakalayo ecacisa ikheli idatha. Lapho kusetshenziswa leli fomu ukuxhumana eziningi idatha exchange ilahlekelwa nencazelo yalo. Kulokhu esangweni ukuziphatha ukulungiselelwa okuzenzakalelayo kokuba ozikhethela.

Kungani-ke lelo gama

Kwenzeka kanjani? Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi isicelo kuyahlukahluka kuye ngendawo ku-, nakuba kungekho umehluko ukusebenza cha. Igama elithi "esangweni okuzenzakalelayo kokuba" sisetshenziswe ku workstations. Ukusetshenziswa Its kulezi amacala imodi evamile asebenza ngayo amayunithi. Igama elithi "esangweni sokugcina" lisetshenziswa maqondana imizila lapho okuvela Esimweni esinjalo ubhekwa hhayi evamile, ngoba lolu cingo kumelwe njalo wazi lapho udinga ukuletha amaphakethe ulwazi.

isiphetho

Kufinyeta, singasho ukuthi ikhiye sihloko capacious kakhulu. Uma ukwenza ukuyichaza ngokuningiliziwe indlela futhi yini kubo, ngisho umbhalo kokuncane kunakho konke kuya idlule ngobukhulu isihloko. Kodwa izinga lokuba enemininingwane zokubukwa namanje akudingekile kubasebenzisi abavamile ngisho nalabo ilungiselela kubo. Udinga lokhu kwaziswa bangase kuphela uma umuntu ngokwakhe ufuna ukuthuthukisa leli thuluzi, kodwa kukhona izinto udinga ukubhala lonke ncwadi.