Indawo egcina amagugu esizwe "uVladimir Central": Uphi, umlando, incazelo, ukubuyekezwa

UVladimir Central - omunye edume kakhulu emajele Russian. Umlando walo nyaka engaphezu kwamakhulu amabili uyazifihla eziningi eziyimfihlakalo. Esikhathini 90 maphakathi nekhulu leminyaka eledlule, Museum kwavulwa insimu yalo. UVladimir Central ibizwa ngokuthi by Isifaniso negama kanye ijele. Empeleni, kuba kancane okungalungile. Kuyinto - Indawo egcina amagugu esizwe yezindaba zemihla ejele uVladimir. Isinqe salo, futhi incazelo imigomo yalesi sihloko ezinikele ukuvakasha.

prehistory

izindlu ahulumende ngokuqukethwe izigebengu ezweni lakithi kukhona, kwathatha amakhulu eminyaka eyisithupha edlule. Nokho, kwakukhona impela kancane, njengoba e pre-Petrine Russia kwesivivinyo kwakuseduze, futhi kwabaningi njengoba sasithi namuhla, kuyicala elibomvu ukuthi ngokushesha engalali ukuphila, bababhambabula ngezinduku noma anqunywe isandla. Kwakukhona, yebo, futhi izigebengu isimo, okuthi ngezizathu ezithile, babengafuni abulawe, owesaba zezinxushunxushu zombango, noma esekelwe ezinye izizathu. Abantu abanjalo, ikakhulukazi yenkosi, isikhulu kanye Knights ukuhamba, iyaphoqeleka ukuba izithembiso Izigodlo nabanye futhi wathumela kuJehowashi sezindela ezikude.

Konke kwashintsha ngesikhathi sokubusa uCatherine II, lapho, phakathi kwezinye kwekuhlela kabusha isetshenziswa yi-ukuguqulwa ohlelweni yokujeziselwa ubugebengu. Ngo 1783, yena wakhipha isimemezelo ngawo ngaphambilini ukuze ajezise lowo owenze ka ukweba izinto ezincane, ngesiswebhu futhi wafaka "ukusebenza" noma, njengoba zibizwa kanjalo, endlini engaphansi kukahulumeni. Kube kwakudingeka basebenze baze uyogcwalisa hhayi kuphela inani umonakalo owenziwe umnikazi we nempahla eyebiwe, kodwa namanje 6 amaphesenti ngenhla ukuthi.

Ukuze afeze lo mthetho edingekayo ukwakha "umsebenzi ekhaya" ezweni lonke.

Kumila ejele

Ngokushesha ngemva kokufunda esinqumweni uVladimir vicegeral ibhodi ethunywe umakhi Nicholas von Burke ukuthuthukisa iphrojekthi kanye ukulinganisa ukwakhiwa yesifundazwe "abasebenzayo ekhaya."

Ngenxa yalokho, kwanqunywa ukuba ukhawule ukwakhiwa maqhugwane amane kompheme ne amakamelo isitoreji, kanye sikwele lwamakholi ububanzi nobude 9 amayadi angu.

On ukwakhiwa kwalesi engcebeni yendlu ka umgcinimafa wesifundazwe uye wachitha ruble ezingaphezu kuka-145, futhi ngo-August 1783, kuvulwa ejele.

Ngo-1838 umsebenzi uVladimir sika indlu lethiwe ngecala inkampani baba sibonelo yeziboshwa lanamuhla yesikhashana. It wasetshenziselwa wokugcinwa labo abasezibophweni zasetilongweni lanamuhla isitsotsi ubizwa ngokuthi "sutochnikami". Sasilokhu kubo lapho izinsuku ezimbalwa, kodwa nsuku zonke athathwa out umsebenzi emphakathini ewusizo.

Umlando wejele engxenyeni yokuqala yekhulu lama-20

Kuphela ngo-1902, uVladimir Central, emnyuziyamu lapho namuhla ubhekwa izinto ezithakazelisayo kakhulu emzini, waba ejele ngomqondo wesimanje wale nkulumo.

Ngemva Yenguquko 1905 kakhulu ushintshe Ukwakheka kweziboshwa, phakathi kwabo baqala ukulawula iziboshwa zezombusazwe. By the way, uVladimir Central Prison wabizwa ngokuthi ngesikhathi lapho laqala ukuletha lezo yabo ababefuna kokugumbuqelwa uNicholas II. Ayehlala azi kuze party is hhayi ukuthola ukuthi abadingisiwe edumile Nizhny Novgorod komgwaqo.

Kwake kwathi ngo-amandla kuleli zwe wafika amaBolshevik, hhayi isimo sesishintshile. Okuningi ngokunembile, ejele "uVladimir Central" ngo-1918, kanye neminye imikhakha iziboshwa, waqala aqukethe ephikisayo nge lokuphikisana neziphathimandla zamaSoviet.

Phakathi nawo-30s wayiswa engaphansi we NKVD, futhi kamuva waba nendawo ethile ye-USSR State Security Management. Eminyakeni yangemva kwempi lapho babengabaprofethi abahleli igcinwe ngubani wabambisana amaNazi.

umlando wanamuhla

Ngo-1978, ngosuku olwandulela Olympics, balungisa imibhalo ekudluliseni izigebengu eziyingozi ejele Kazan bese Chistopol. UVladimir, oyingxenye ye-Golden Ring of Russia, kulindeleke kwatheleka enkulu izivakashi, ngakho kwanqunywa ukuthumela zonke iziboshwa zezombusazwe kude enhlokodolobha. Esikhathini esifanayo e uVladimir Central, umnyuziyamu njalo olusha kanye nemibukiso entsha, idluliselwe 26 okuthiwa amasela nomalokazana, ngakho lapho uye ngqo saba sibi kakhulu isimo lobugebengu, futhi kwakukhona kugcizelela nobugebengu.

incazelo ejele

Okwamanje, uVladimir Central - leziboshwa yingozi. Iqukethe ababulali, abadlwenguli, ubugebengu ngokuphi-ndaphindiwe, nokunye. Phakathi kwabo kukhona isikhathi selungelo yicala umalugaju abenza indawo ezimbili by amakhamera amabili. e uVladimir imodi Central eminyakeni yamuva nje iye yaba nomusa ngaphezulu futhi eduze namazinga omhlaba. Amaseli abe-TV, futhi amanye aze ngisho amafriji. Iziboshwa ayatholakala cishe zonke izincwadi. Basuke bavunyelwe ubhalisele emaphephandabeni nakomagazini, kanye ukuthola bese ushintshela izihlobo.

Omunye amakhamera uVladimir Central ngo-1995 sashintshwa saba sesonto lobu-Orthodox, okwakubekelwa abazinikele e egameni St Nicholas. Ngo-2003, ibandla lamiswao ku Dome, futhi kamuva eminyakeni embalwa wakha belfry encane.

Ukuze sinikeze esitokisini kanye nokwaziswa kwezomthetho yicala ngo-2003 lapho uVladimir Central wavulwa lokuqala eRussia "Centre of Ulwazi Legal."

ziboshwa ezase eqaphelekayo

Njengoba abasebenzi Museum "uVladimir Central", kukhona ngokuvamile kakhulu izihlobo zabantu abadumile woza, kodwa eyayinamawala ngezinye izikhathi ezihlukahlukene baye baphoqeleka ukuba bahlale ngaphakathi kwezindonga kuleli jele.

Phakathi kweziboshwa yayo edume kakhulu zihlanganisa:

• Isekela we State Duma we Shulgin zangaphambi wamavukelambuso, wamukela abdication Nicholas II;
• ilungu ukunyakaza White, Jikelele D. Semenov;
• izinguquko kanye omunye abavelele ngabaholi bezempi Soviet M. V Frunze;
• UColonel Abwehr futhi omunye abahleli SS ukuhlukanisa "Galitchina" Alfred Bizants;
• Inhloko isiHungary Yabantu Republic Yanosh Kadar (ngesikhathi sokuboshwa we owayeyinhloko Wezangaphakathi yeHungary);
• isosha Armenia futhi sikahulumeni Garegin Nzhdeh;
• IPhini likaNgqongqoshe wezangaPhakathi wase-USSR UStepan Mamula, umngane Beria;
• indodana ka "Munye onguMholi Omkhulu" Vasily Stalin;
• Usigaxamabhande zokugcina wamaNazi Berlin G. Weidling;
• umculi odumile noLidiya Ruslanova, waboshwa kanye nomyeni wakhe uVladimir Kryukov, owayeyilungu G. K. Zhukova kumbuthano kwangaphakathi futhi yaziwa njengeqembu "uzungu lempi";
• Webutho iqembu "Centre" we-German Wehrmacht, Field Marshal F. ISkema;
• zakudala Tajik izincwadi Wathi Rizo Ali-emshabam;
• eyandulela impi Lithuanian uNdunankulu A. Merkys;
• UNgqongqoshe kuHulumeni ka-Israyeli wangaphambili ophikisana nenqubo kahulumeni Soviet Natan Sharansky;
• Archimandrite Ukraine isiGreki iSonto LamaKatolika K. K. Sheptitsky nabanye.

Indawo egcina amagugu esizwe "uVladimir Central": Ikheli

Ukuze singene ungowokuqala eRussia lolu hlobo yokudlela ungahamba, omunye nomunye nihamba kwesinye isitaladi esemqoka yedolobha - Big Nizhny Novgorod - nesibalo endlini 67. Kukhona ungakwazi uhambe. Ukuze wenze lokhu, sebenzisa Sibona inombolo ibhasi 1. Ngemva kokudlulisa izitobhi esiteshini 3 (ukuze "Vula Tochmash"), kufanele uye lwesokunxele mgwaqo uhamba kancane phakathi ukunyakaza. Uma ulahleke, yize-ke kucishe kungenzeki, ungacela noma abantu abadlulayo mayelana indawo uVladimir Central.

By the way, zihamba ngeke neze sithakazelise futhi, njengoba endleleni ungabona emihlanu oluyingungu oNgcwele Dormition Church kwekhulu le-17 (Ikheli: Bolshaya Moskovskaya), isikhumbuzo kuya Frunze, Rozhen Monastery, iNdlu-Museum Stoletovs nge wezangaphakathi kwekhulu le-19 nokunye.

Indawo egcina amagugu esizwe uVladimir Central

Indlela kuzomelwe uye ejele? Lo mbuzo ungase uzwakale uyisimanga. Nokho, esimweni uVladimir Central ke kungokwemvelo. Ngempela, entolongweni, indawo kuyinto Museum, okuyinto ofuna ukuzivakashela baseRussia hhayi kuphela, kodwa futhi abezinye izizwe, kuhlanganise izihlobo eziningi labo eminyakeni ehlezi kuleli jele.

Indawo egcina amagugu esizwe ukusebenza imodi uVladimir Central akachaziwe. Isikhathi ukuvakashelwa kuvunyelwe - amahora 1.5-2. Wabo ngqo ukuvakasha uthatha imizuzu 40.

Kumila Museum

Thola lapho uVladimir Central, abaningi bayangabaza ukuthi kuyazuzisa yini ngempela ukuba khona, njengoba indawo akubona bonke abazimisele ukuthola indawo lapho abayowuletha e izici engcono kakhulu yokuphila "ku imiqondo." Labo abaye wavakashela Museum, kusho izakhamuzi ngazwi linye baye bame kwelokuthi lokhu kufanele ungesabi, ngoba akuyona ngemithetho adlula hlangana izigebengu, futhi umlando uVladimir Central nobuntu, okwathi ngokuhamba kweminyaka aqukethwe ngaphakathi kwezindonga zawo.

Umqondo yokudala leso sikhungo uvele 1980. Nokho, esikhathini yaseSoviet yokuthuthela nokuqaliswa kwalo kungaba kungabaza. Umsebenzi emnyuziyamu othile waqala ngo-1990 maphakathi. Kwaba khona abangu-izisebenzi abasemajele uVladimir-Suzdal Museum-Reserve, ngubani baqala ndaba futhi uzuze imiphumela emihle kakhulu.

incazelo

Museum wavula ngo 1997. Waba ngowokuqala eRussia. UVladimir Central Museum ithatha ikhamera ezimbili zokuqala ne ezihleli emafasiteleni. Ephaseji, lapho izivakashi ukulandela Museum embukisweni imisebenzi engcono yokudweba nemigwalo, iziboshwa uyalingana. Phakathi kwabo kukhona umsebenzi omuhle kakhulu.

Esikhathini Museum owethulwe eziningi imibhalo ezithakazelisayo futhi ezithwetshulwe ngezikhathi ezahlukahlukene, izimpahla zabo iziboshwa, izinto ejele lendlu nokunye. Zibonisa umlando uVladimir Central kusukela ngasekupheleni kwekhulu le-18 kuze kube namuhla. Umsebenzi wenziwa ukucinga izinto phakathi neminyaka embalwa. zomlando lokuphinda umlando ejele abangu wafunda lapho kuyagcinwa ukwaziswa okuthakazelisayo mayelana nabantu abaphikisana, German lempi esiphakeme, nezihlakaniphi, kanye eSoviet nalabo abane- party, abayizisulu yokucindezelwa zezombusazwe nokunye.

Ezinye ziphephile wafika Museum abavela kwamanye amazwe. Ngokwesibonelo, e-Museum ungabona inombolo kwemibhalo etholwe uVladimir wase-United States kusukela izihlobo American umshayeli Amandla, owayekhonza umusho e ejele elikhulu ngasekuqaleni 1960.

Indawo ekhethekile kunikezwa ibuthelelo lezinto adalwe sezingcweti ejele. Phakathi kwabo -. Tattoo umshini eyenziwe insingo ishaja for umakhalekhukhwini, linamathele ematheni oluthambile, njll Omunye ziphephile ezithakazelisayo kakhulu kuyinto samovar ubudala, okwakwenza kube lula ukuthola i-"Iziboshwa" amanzi abilayo cishe kusukela wokubusa uCatherine II.

Ngentshiseko enkulu nezivakashi bajwayelane ezithwetshulwe ku 1935-1940, lapho yetilongo ikakhulukazi "bayizitha zabantu", kuhlanganise izihlobo Iosifa Stalina unkosikazi.

Indawo egcina amagugu esizwe izivakashi bamenyiwe ukuhlola imikhiqizo kanye nemihlangano yokufundisa lapho iziboshwa ukusebenza. Lokhu amabhola lezinyawo, isibhakela amagilavu, izingcingo nokunye.

Izibuyekezo

Ijele - indawo engajabule ngakho abantu sengqondo ababuthakathaka kungcono uyeke ngokuvakashela Museum uVladimir Central. Izibuyekezo ukutjengisa bona bayazisola lokuhlolwayo ejele kwezakhiwo kuvunyelwe ukuvakashela, kwenza ukufunda Sombre. Ngokuqondene nazo zonke ezinye, ama-buffs umlando bakholwe lolu hambo kuyinto okuthakazelisayo nokuwusizo. Okunabileko babangela izithombe ezindala, iqoqo mbumbulu imali yamaphepha, okuyinto zipendwe ngesikhathi sakhe sokuphumula, abakhwabanisi iziboshwa chess imvuthuluka.

Manje ngoba sewuyazi ukuthi yini Museum ezithakazelisayo Vladimir Central Prison. Ucingo for uhambo izicelo ingatholakala kwi-website lesikhungo. Kodwa ukuthi kuwufanele ukuvakashela, unquma. Nokho, uma uthanda iminyuziyamu engavamile futhi ufuna simazi kangcono imininingwane yokuphila kwabantu abasemajele isiRashiya, kumele uvakashele leli isikhungo esiyingqayizivele.