Imodeli European ukuphathwa imithombo

Akusiyo imfihlo ukuthi, kuye ngokuthi isimo sengqondo abantu abahlala ezweni elithile ungeze amasiko awo, futhi amasiko. Lezi zimiso ziyasebenza kubaphathi. Kodwa endaweni interweaving esekuficile ubudlelwane kwezomnotho phakathi Izigayo akuyona into engavamile ucabangela alikho nelilodwa izwe, futhi emazweni amaningi inamathele nomunye abanye izivumelwano kwezomnotho kanye nezibopho, noma e nokuxhumana obuseduze nomunye.

Esinye isibonelo okuphawuleka European imodeli zokuphatha. Okusemqoka umsuka imodeli okunjalo futhi kwaqala.

Kufanele kuqashelwe ngokushesha ukuthi yisisusa sina ekuthuthukiseni into efana imodeli YaseYurophu ukuphathwa yanikezwa British. Kwakungumsebenzi elikhulu imodeli ukwakheka. Phakathi abasunguli owawubumba imodeli kuqala ukuphathwa -English imodeli yabo bungabonakala L.Urvika futhi R.Felka. Bakhandwa wahlanganyela izindaba zokubusa.
ukuthuthukiswa okusebenzayo kwe imodeli YaseYurophu ukuphathwa yazuza ku-yalolucwaningo 40 ekhulwini elidlule leminyaka. Kwakuphakathi kwadingeka lokhu kuyisikhathi sokwenza izinqumo ezibalulekile okuhloswe ngaso okuqanjwe zempi futhi amasu.

Eminyakeni yangemva kwempi, abacwaningi labalulekile eluLwimi abaphathi besikhungo iyiswe United States izifundo. Nokho, lokhu kusho ukuthi umculo imodeli Western Europe of ukuphathwa uyekile akhona futhi waba US. Phela, ngaphandle esuka eNgilandi futhi kwamanye amazwe olwenziwa ucwaningo ngalesi sihloko. Ngakho e-France, nokubusa idatha kwaziwa yibo bonke abazalwane André no-Eduard Mishlen, uHenri Lui Le Chatelier, Charles Fremaux-Ville.

EJalimane, nezindaba ukuphathwa imatasa lezo zibalo adumile njengoba isazi sezokuhlalisana kwabantu Maks Veber. Kwakungisiza ukuthuthukisa ukuhola kwakhe kuzo imodeli Western Europe imiqondo ukuphathwa ezifana "uhlobo enhle" enhlanganweni zokuphatha, elinye igama ososayensi ngokuthi "ubushiqela". Liphinde ngokungangabazeki neqhaza elikhulu ekuthuthukiseni ukuphathwa eYurophu sewenze umsebenzi Karol Adametskogo.

Imodeli YaseYurophu ukuphathwa sihluke onobuhle efanayo athuthukile e-United States naseJapane, indlela okunzima xaxa abantu nezindaba ukwenganyelwa kwezidingo nemithombo yendalo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, emazweni amaningi aseYurophu ezifana Great Britain, eNorway, eSweden, Netherlands ayenziwa izimiso ukuphathwa, okuyinto ngisho ivumela isisebenzi ukuthatha ngqo ingxenye kule. Ngaphezu kwalokho, imodeli YaseYurophu ukuphathwa ngenkuthalo ekuthuthukiseni bebheke ukutadisha ukuziphatha kwabantu lapho ngaphansi ukuziphatha collective noma iqembu. Ngakho, lo imodeli uye walungiselela isimo "indoda social" kusukela esiqalweni.

Echaza ukuphathwa European ingasaphathwa indoda efana German Shansela Ludwig Erhard. Ngaphambi kwalokho, ayeyisebenzela uNgqongqoshe Umnotho, isazi sezombusazwe. Futhi kwaba ngaphansi kwesandla sakhe, eJalimane eminyakeni yangemva kwempi ukwenze ukufukulwa komnotho amagama amaningi - isimangaliso. umqondo Erhard eyaziwa njenge "umnotho emakethe social" siqukethe izikhundla ezimbili:

1. Ukuqinisa of inqubo esemthethweni phezu ingxenye zombuso kuwo wonke amazinga kanye nemikhakha yokulima.
2. Ukuqedwa ukuhlela amandla futhi kwathatha ukuhlela Indlela. Luhilela ukuthuthukiswa izinhlelo kanye nemigomo, impumelelo zazo efiselekayo kanye kuqala.

It kudingeka siyinake ngokukhethekile futhi IsiSwidi ukuphathwa imodeli olwakhiwe uMklomelo KaNobel Myrdal. Le modeli uyakucabangela Swedish ithuthukiswe ngendlela umphakathi ukuthi iyizwe okusezingeni eliphezulu iziqinisekiso impahla kanye nokuvikeleka kwezenhlalakahle sabantu.
Ngakho, singasho ukuthi imodeli Western Europe of ukuphathwa akuyona kwakhiwa ezweni elilodwa, kwaba isikhathi eside kwemvelo ngamunye kwamanye amazwe aseYurophu, futhi izimiso ezingcono kakhulu kuphela bese uguqulwa uba-Europe-wide Nokho, okuyinto, ngenxa ivumelana nezimo ivumela acabangele imininingwane isimo ngasinye ngokwehlukile. Kuyinto kulezi izisekelo ukuphathwa futhi kukhona yesimanje-European Union.