Ilya Repin. Imidwebo yomculi njengenhlobo yendaba yokudweba yenkathi

Impumelelo enkulu yemidwebo engokoqobo yekhulu le-XIX ihlotshaniswa namagama abaculi abavelele baseRashiya, phakathi kwawo i-Ilya Repin ethatha indawo ekhethekile. Imidwebo nemisebenzi yale master ziyizwe lonke, futhi igalari yezithombe ihluke kakhulu.

Umlando omncane

Isikhathi sobuciko obuhle eRussia sawela engxenyeni yesibili yekhulu le-XIX. Izindlela zokuthuthukiswa kwazo zihambisana kakhulu nokuthuthukiswa kwezincwadi. Ubuciko obuhle abuzange buhlale bucala kusuka ezinkampanini ezithinta ukuqonda komphakathi. Lesi yisikhathi sokwakheka kwamanje, esekelwe kwimibono yobuqiniso obunzima. Wakwazi ukunqoba isiqondiso esisemthethweni, esilandela ubuholi be-Academy of Arts. Ngomsebenzi wokudala wama-artists, izingqungquthela zezinganekwane nemibhalo yeBhayibheli zavela phambili, zilungiswa ngomqondo wokuthi ubuciko buphakeme kunokuphila.

Ngo-1863 ezinye iziqu ze-Academy zenqaba ukwakha izithombe. Abafundi basikisela izihloko ezibonisa izinkinga zomphakathi wamanje, futhi zenqatshwa. Njengesibonakaliso sokubhikisha, bashiya isikole bengaphelelanga izifundo, futhi bakhiwa nami I. Kramskoy "Petersburg Artel of Artists". Kamuva eMoscow ngo-1870 kwahlelwa yi-Association of Wanderers, eyahlela imibukiso emizini ehlukahlukene. Esinye sezibalo eziqhakazile phakathi kwamaWanderers kwakungu-Repin Ilya Efimovich. Imidwebo yomculi ibhekwa ukuphakama kobuciko be-peredvizhnicheskogo. Zibonisa zonke izinkinga zokuphila kanye nezinguquko ezinzima eziye zaphazamisa zonke izigaba zokuphila ezingenakuholela ekushintsheni okukhulu kwezobuciko.

Umdwebi ovelele, umbala nomdwebo wezithombe, umthombo wezinhlobo zomlando nezindalo zomlando, I-Repin IE. Ishiya ifa elicebile lokudala.

Umdwebo wenkolo

Ngosuku lwakhe lokuzalwa lwesithupha, u-Ilya Repin wathola okokuqala njengesipho sesipopu samanzi futhi waqala ukupenda. Lapho eneminyaka engu-12 ubudala, umfana onethalente wahlonishwa nomdwebi wendawo u-IM Bunakov eChuguev (esifundazweni saseKharkov). Umsebenzi wakhe wokuqala oyinhloko kwakuyikhophi yesithonjana esibonisa uSt. Alexander Nevsky. Eminyakeni engu-15, u-Ilya kungenzeka kakade ubhekwe ngabadwebi abazimele bezithombe-mfanekiso ngezizathu ezinhle. Waqala ukusebenza kanye ne-artel yabenzi bezandla nabaculi bendawo.

Amasonto okudweba, imiyalo ngabanye yezithombe - ngakho waqala umsebenzi wakhe wokudala u-Ilya Repin. Ukudweba, ukuqoshwa, izithombe, ezaziwa ngomqondo wazo wokuphila omuhle kakhulu, isiqalo esingokomoya, ukubonakaliswa okucacile kwemvelo nakho konke ukucwasa kwayo kanye nemizwa yokuqala, kuzokwenziwa kamuva. Imisebenzi yokuqala yomculi imidwebo engokwenkolo, isihloko esasihloselwe ukuhamba nayo yonke umsebenzi we-Repin.

Umsebenzi omkhulu wokuqala, owaletha udumo kumfana oneminyaka eyishumi nanhlanu ubudala, wawuyisithonjana esithi "Ukubethelwa", ebhalwe ngokudweba kukaK. Shteiben "I-Calvary." U-Ilya Repin waba yinkosi edumile esifundeni.

Kuze kube manje, i-watercolor yokuqala yomculi - "Ukubuka kwesikole sabaphathi bezempi e-Chuguev", kusukela ngo-1857, sesifikile.

Ngo-1863, u-Ilya wangena eSt. Petersburg Academy of Arts. Umsebenzi wokuphothula umqeqeshi womculi osemusha, wanikezwa umklomelo omkhulu kakhulu - umdanso wegolide, umdwebo othi "Ukuvuswa kwentombi kaJaiirus."

Ezingqungqutheleni zenkolo Ukubuyisa ngokuphindaphindiwe kubuya, ukwenza imidwebo yezithombe kusebenza. Ngo-1898, ukuze ubone izindawo lapho uKristu ayehamba khona futhi eshumayela esaphila, u-Ilya Efimovich waya ezweni elingcwele. Lapha kwakukhona izinto eziqoqiwe zesithombe "Isivivinyo sikaKristu", esibhaliwe esithi "Ukuthwala Isiphambano."

Umdlali wezemidlalo wokudweba waseRussia

Noma kunjalo abantu abaphila ngesikhathi salo mculi bayathandwa ngobuciko bakha izingqikithi ezinhlobonhlobo zezinto ezihlukahlukene futhi njengokungathi yizici "eziphilayo".

Esinye sezici eziphawulekayo emaceleni obuciko baseRussia kwakungu "Burlaki on the Volga". Umdwebo wabhalwa ngemva kokuhamba nge-Volga ngo-1870. Waba nomthelela oqinile emphakathini. Umbhali walo uthi uziphethe kahle kakhulu. Igama elibizwa ngokuthi i-Ilya Repin. Izithombe, incazelo Zitholakala ngokuphindaphindiwe emshinini wezincwadi. Izihloko eziningi kakhulu mayelana "ne-Burlacs ku-Volga". Ngokombono we-V. V. Stasov, isiphetho somuntu esibuhlungu esibonakaliswe engxenyeni yezilwane zepakethe akuzange kubonakale embukheni ngendlela enjalo yesisindo esibi, kuleso sici sokubhoboza.

Umklomelo omkhulu kakhulu owawuthola e-Academy of Arts, wanikeza u-Repin ilungelo lokuya eFrance. Entwasahlobo ka-1873, uhamba e-Austria nase-Italy. Encwadini yakhe nabangani baseStasov, Tretyakov, Kramskiy babelane ngokubonga kwakhe ngezingcingo zikaTiti, Veronese, Michelangelo, ukuthakazelisa kwakhe ngemifanekiso yaseRambrandt, eVelasquez. EParis, ubhala imidwebo, edume kakhulu kunazo zonke "yiParis Cafe", "Sadko", "Negro".

Umsebenzi wangempela wempuphu kaRimpin wawuyisikhathi kusukela ngesikhathi ebuyela ezweni lakubo. Kukhona izingqikithi eziningi zomlando nezinhlobo zomlando, ama-portraits amahle kakhulu. Izenzakalo ezihlukahlukene zokuphila, ingcebo yabantu bezinhlobo kanye nabalingiswa abanamandla amakhulu abonisa i-Ilya Repin. Ukudweba kwakhe kwakubonakala sengathi kuhlotshaniswa nohlobo lwemibiko yobuciko yalesi sikhathi. Lokhu kokubili ukubhekakade, ukucasuka "Indoda enamehlo amabi" kanye "namadikoni ethu akhishwe" - "Protodeacon". Lona ukudansa okungajabuli, okungavinjelwe kwabasimilayo, abantu abadinga ifilimu ethi "Vechorniki", nokungafani komphakathi, ukungqubuzana okujulile okuvezwe ekubunjweni "Umqhudelwano esifundazweni saseKursk." Umculi ulawula ukudala umqondo wesenzo, okubonakala sengathi kwenzeka phambi kombukeli.

U-Ilya Repin ungumdwebi odwetshwayo obonisa ukujula kokubona kwepilo. Ukuze uqonde umsuka wesiqephu sikazwelonke, izisusa zemibono ehlukene yomlando, amandla okuhlangenwe nakho kwengqondo, waphendukela ezindabeni ezidlule. Lokhu kwakha izindaba ezimangalisayo mayelana nokuhlala kwe- Tsarevna Sophia Alexeyevna kwi- Novodevichy Convent, ukubulala kuka- Ivan Ivan the Terrible ngendodana yakhe u-Ivan. Kwakuyihlobo lokuphikisana olubhekiswe kokungaboni kahle. Umculi wokuqala ukumelela abantu abavame ukuguqula izimpendulo kwakungu-Repin Ilya Efimovich. Izithombe "Ukuboshwa kwe-propagandist", "Ngaphansi kokuhambela", "Akuzange kulinde" futhi abanye babonisa ukuzwelana okucacile ngamaqhawe abo. Umqondo ojulile wesimanjemanje yisimiso esichazayo emsebenzini kaRemin.

Umdwebo wesithombe

Ngama-90s Repin ayedale igalari ephelele yama-portraits. Phakathi kwazo kukhona izithombe eziningi zesosayensi odumile, abalobi, abaqambi, abaculi. Umhlobo wokuphelela wawuwumsebenzi othi "Umhlangano ohloniphekile woMkhandlu kaHulumeni." Kule ngqungquthela, lo mdwebi uphelele ukuveza inombolo eningi kulabo abakhona, abaningi babo abanikezwa izici zengqondo.

Emkhakheni wezithombe ezibonakalayo, u-Ilya Repin wazuza ikhono elikhulu. Izithombe zakhe ze-VA Serov, IS Ostroukhov, u-Eleonora Duse nabanye bahlukaniswa ngomdwebo omuhle. Amandla okubhala, okukhululekile, okubhaliwe okubhaliwe kwenza lokhu kuvezwe ubukhulu bekhono lomdwebi Phinda.

Iminyaka yokugcina yokuphila

Ngisho nangesikhathi sokuphila kwakhe kwafika isikhathi sokuqashelwa komuntu umdwebi ovelele, ophikisanayo, okwakungu-Ilya Repin. Ukudweba kwakhe kubonisa ngempela izikhathi ezihlukahlukene zomlando zaseRussia, eziqukethe ngokwazo zonke ubukhulu, amandla, ubuhlungu nokugula kweRussia.

Eminyakeni yokugcina yokuphila kwakhe u-Repin wayehlala ensimini yaseFinland eKuokkala kule ndawo, wamqamba ngokuthi "uyaphatha". Ngemuva kwe-Revolution ka-Okthoba, wenqaba isimemo, esenziwe ngezinga eliphakeme elisemthethweni, ukuba abuyele ezweni. Wanikela eminyuziyamu yakhe imidwebo yakhe, akazange ahlukane nabangani bakhe nabafundi I. UBrdsky, uK. Chukovsky, kodwa akazange abuyele ezweni lakubo.

Umculi uye waphila ukuphila okude futhi okunenzuzo, evula ngobuciko obwenziwe nguye ngendlela eya ebulungiseni futhi enhle.