Ifolishi beetroot. Imbewu, ukutshalwa

Ifolishi beetroot - zemifino ewusizo kakhulu, esetshenziselwa ukudla kwezilwane. I eyigugu kakhulu he is a izinkomo yobisi, njengendlela emangalisayo okwandayo ukukhiqizwa ubisi izinkomazi nezimbuzi.

Ngenkathi Ebusika, lapho izilwane Ukudla bahlanganisa ikakhulu ukudla okusemathinini futhi omile, beetroot izimpande bayakwazi ukugcwalisa isidingo izakhi trace kanye amavithamini. Ehlobo, ngaphezu impande izitshalo ezisetshenziselwa ukudla imifino.

Ifolishi beetroot - zemifino ewusizo kakhulu, okubandakanya owawudinga pectin namaminerali, amavithamini kanye carbohydrate. Lena isitshalo biennial, isithelo ezingase zifinyelele 15 kg.

Nasi umlando

Ifolishi beetroot kanye yokudlela kanye noshukela, is owehla evela beetroot zasendle ezikhulayo e North-Asia naseMpumalanga Ekude. Ekuqaleni, isiko is hhayi ihlukaniswe zenyathi, futhi ngalokho kwaba khona eyodwa kuphela igama - beet. Indaba aklaba zinhlobo njengochwepheshe abazimele wezolimo simile ngekhulu le-16 e-Germany.

abalimi German ngaleso sikhathi ngaphawula ukuthi lapho inkomo ukondla beet, khona-ke kwandisa kakhulu ubisi isivuno, futhi ubisi luba tastier okuningi. Kuyinto ngalesi sikhathi kuvame ukuhlotshaniswa ukubukeka izitshalo ezifana ifolishi beetroot. Ngokushesha, isifundo zalesi simo ukwenza ochwepheshe. Futhi kusukela ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-18, u-beetroot ifolishi bethatheka wonke amazwe aseYurophu.

Izinhlobonhlobo ifolishi beetroot

I-beet izimpande zikhule anhlobonhlobo umbala, ijamo kanye degree of ukucwiliswa walihlanganisa nomhlabathi phansi. Kuye lezi nemingcele ifolishi beetroot wehlukaniswa iziqephu ku amakilasi alandelayo:

1. Ukuma oyindilinga yemifino, lapho itholakala ngaphansi komhlaba kuya ku-80% impande obuphelele (beetroot Umanskaya polusaharnaya Poltava polusaharnaya);
2. Elongate-okusaqanda ukuma yemifino, uma inhlabathi 50-70% Ubude baso (winner);
3. ifomu Vegetable cylindrical lapho amabanga komhlaba kusukela 25 kuya ku-40% obuphelele (Ekkendorskaya beet ophuzi, Poltava omhlophe);
4. Ukuma oyindilinga yemifino, lapho iningi impande phezu.

Kunamandla futhi athuthukile kangcono ephakeme impande, kalula yemifino ukubekezelela nesomiso. Izinhlobonhlobo athandwa kakhulu of ifolishi beetroot: Ekkendorfskaya ophuzi Tsentaur Okuningi, Oberndorfskaya abomvu.

Izici ujikeleza

Ngo ifolishi kwezitshalo rotations ababengaphambi engcono ifolishi beetroot kukhona utshani-imidumba ingxube silage ummbila, amakhabe. Emkhakheni kwezitshalo rotations ke Kunconywa ukutshala beet endaweni lapho ngaphambili kwaku imidumba yonyaka utshani, irowu izitshalo nokusanhlamvu ebusika.

Njengoba umkhuba ubonisa, izitshalo best of ifolishi beetroot eyatholakala lapho esikhundleni isiko ngonyaka odlule atholiwe rye, ukolweni, uphizi, ummbila kanye nemifino. Ifolishi beetroot akufanele ibekwe ngemva amakhambi ahlukahlukene zisetshenziswa. Buyela isiko ensimini ngesikhathi esedlule bavunyelwe akukho ngaphambili kuka engu-3.

kokuthola imbewu

Beetroot ungomunye walabo lezitshalo okwenziwa ngazo imbewu ingatholakala akukho ngaphambi konyaka 2nd kulinywe. Ngonyaka wokuqala akha eziqongweni nezimpande, futhi saya ngonyaka olandelayo uma ukutshala imifino ingatholakala efanelekayo ukutshalwa imbewu ifolishi beetroot.

Kubalulekile ukuthi izimpande, okuyinto uzoya inhlanyelo babe ziqinile futhi enempilo. Lapho u-beetroot stem iqala ukuze ome, yemifino bemba bese imiswe ezomile endaweni evikelekile. Ezimweni ezinjalo, beet kufanele igcinwe kuze kube isikhathi kuze Isiqu zalesi sihlahla wawusomile. Ngemva kwalokho, imbewu kufanele kube kubaqedele futhi ekugcineni omisiwe isikhwama esincane ephepheni.

ukulungiselela umhlabathi

Ukutshala ifolishi beetroot - inqubo ngempela eziyinkimbinkimbi, esidinga ukuba okuthile azani namakhono. Ngakho, kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi ukutshala lolu yemifino sandy, izimbuku ubumba nenhlabathi ngeke kulethe imiphumela emihle. Ukuze ukukhula impande izitshalo futhi inhlabathi ukuba kuhlalwe enamadwala.

Evumayo ukuthola isivuno esihle ifolishi isithombo sebhitrudi ubhekwa izwe wavuma esidi, ongachemile phansi, wavuma. Kahle kahle, lokhu zemifino itshalwe ezindaweni emfuleni abacebile emhlabeni abamnyama.

Lesi sitshalo kakhulu lifuna ukuvundisa umhlaba, ngakho-ke ngeke akwenze ngaphandle ngcono inhlabathi. Kuphela eliyifa esifike ukulungiselela izwe bangalindela ukuba abe amahlumela ezinobungane. Ngakho, ifolishi isithombo sebhitrudi, ukutshalwa okuyinto ijwayelekile abalimi abaningi, lapho besanda kuqala lokutshala kudingeka alungiselele phansi.

Udinga bacabe weedy futhi ukuyikhulula ngoku-ukucubungula. Kusukela doti unyaka dicotyledonous (quinoa, inkukhu amabele, amaranth) kanye cereal ukhula ngeke usizo ukuqeda indlela Ukukhipha. Dedela ingxenye Ezikhula iminyaka eminingi ezifana kusofa utshani noma emakhakhasini, kwenzeke esebenzisa ekwindla ukucutshungulwa yokubulala ukhula isenzo esiqhubekayo (Roundup, borax, iSiphepho).

efaka umquba

Ngaphansi ekwindla ukumba kwenziwe esizeni umquba sesivuthiwe noma Umanyolo eziphilayo ngesilinganiso amathani 35 ngalinye 1 ha. Umanyolo Excellent uba izinkuni umlotha, ekhokhwa in inani 5 quintals ngayinye ehektheleni 1.

Ngaphambi betshala zilima isikhala esidingekayo lapho umuntu eba NPK. Futhi, isiko kudingeka phosphate kanye umanyolo fertilizer. Ngemva konke ukukhohlisa inhlabathi kumele kube okuxekethile, lumpy esihle futhi kancane manzi.

Ukutshala ifolishi beetroot

Isikhathi izimila ifolishi beetroot kuhluka izinsuku ezingu-125 150, ngakho qala ukutshala entwasahlobo ka isiko, nge ezinsukwini zokugcina ka-March neka kuya maphakathi no-Ephreli. Kunconywa ukutshala lokhu yemifino lapho inhlabathi at a 12 cm ukujula uye sekuqala ukufudumala kuze kube degrees 5-7.

Ngobusuku obandulela ukutshala imbewu kumele ziphathwe magciwane. Ngokwesibonelo, ingagcinwa ihora in isixazululo ayegcwele manganese. Ukuze kuzuzwe ukuminyana elilungile kakhulu izithombo kuzosiza ukuqhubekisela phambili yokungalihloniphi ukukhula evuselela. Kubalulekile ukuba singakhohlwa ukuthi imbewu emva ukwelashwa ezimanzi badinga ezomile kancane.

Kusayithi ukulungele iyadingeka ukushaya anemifantu kunezikhala phakathi imigqa mayelana 60 cm. Ukuhlwanyela isiko kufanele kube nomuntu 3 cm imitha ngalinye ukujula isilinganiso awe imbewu 14-15 (at phansi aluka uzodinga cishe 150 g imbewu).

I imibhede kudingeka afafaze phansi bese ulinda yisithombo kuqala. Uma umhlabathi owomile, akusiyo engadingekile ukuba roller wayo obushelelezi uphawu. Lokhu kuyadingeka ukuze avimbele umswakama izingqimba ezijulile bathole eduze kwamanzi. Ngezinye lokushisa 8 degrees ku amahlumela phakathi avele emva kwezinsuku 12 uma ekushiseni okungaphezu ephakeme kunaleyo 15 - kakade emva kwezinsuku 4.

ukunakekelwa Izici

Ifolishi beetroot ukutshalwa kuyinto - kuyikhono, ngenyanga yokuqala emva ukuvela ethuthuka ngempela kancane. Lokubaluleke kakhulu kule nkathi it has a inqubo thinning, okuyinto kumele kwenziwe emva Kabusha of amaqabunga ambalwa kweqiniso. Ngakho, imitha ngalinye kufanele zitholakale hhayi ningi than 5 kwamagciwane, ibanga phakathi okuyinto - okungenani 25 cm.

Kanyekanye ukuthambisa Kunconywa okuphakelayo amahlumela ammonium nitrate, isekela ngokwayo ku olinganise ezilandelayo: 12 g ngalinye 1 imitha. Ngemva 2 amaviki, kufanele ubambe enye Umanyolo Umanyolo amaminerali.

Beetroot ifolishi esanele umswakama-onothando, ngakho glaze nethonya eliqondile ukubaluleka izimpande abasafufusa, futhi ngenxa yalokho, lonke Inkomba ezithela. Kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo ngoba ngenyanga ngaphambi kosuku kulindeleke kokusebenza ukuvunwa uketshezi izidingo sanciphisa kangcono, ngenxa yokuthi ukuthi yemifino iqala ukudla okuqinile ukuqongelela.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, impande izitshalo ngokuvamile uhlushwa ukhula, futhi ngenxa yokungcoliswa eqinile ngokuvamile musa ukusuka 30 kuya 80% isivuno. Futhi ngenxa yokuthi Ukuhlakula ukhula njalo phakathi imigqa - isihluthulelo ukutshalwa ngempumelelo ifolishi beetroot.

ukuvuna

Ngasekupheleni kwehlobo - ekuseni ekwindla ifolishi beetroot iyeke yakha amaqabunga amasha, kanti omdala kancane ekuqaleni ukuba phuzi, futhi ekugcineni afe. Umsuka kwezitshalo ukukhula futhi wayeka, futhi kulesi sikhathi ngokufaka umswakama ngokweqile uyakwazi okwenza isimo sibe sibi imifino izinga ukunambitheka kuphela. Ifolishi beetroot, izithombe okuyinto kangaka uyakuthanda ukwenza abalimi, ngaleyo ndlela kukhombisa imiphumela emihle yomsebenzi wabo, asuswe imibhede ekuqaleni Okthoba, ngaphambi frost kuqala. Ukuvuna izithelo ambalwa nokubhidliza lokwela noma nemfoloko. YETHEMU eside izinjongo isitoreji ifolishi beetroot nahlanza Ukunamathela umhlaba kanye eziqongweni futhi agcinwe imigodi yokwemba noma zewayini ezingeni lokushisa 3 kuya 5 degrees. Ukwazi nje ukuthi, kubukeka sengathi ifolishi beetroot, kodwa futhi indlela yokutshala isivuno yimpumelelo lokhu yemifino, iyiphi umlimi angenza izinqolobane emangalisayo ukudla ebusika. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kule sizini abandayo, lokhu isiko eyigugu futhi ewusizo uyokhulula injabulo isilwane.