I-Linux uhlelo lokusebenza for amakhompyutha ababuthakathaka: ubuqili ukufakwa kanye ukucushwa

Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi ukuhoxiswa ukwesekwa XP, "lona wesifazane" ngo-Ephreli 2014, uhlelo sisenjalo namanje ku izinkulungwane amakhompyutha emhlabeni wonke. Njengomthetho, kuba imishini ubudala futhi ebuthaka ukuthi "windose" 8.7.10 kakhulu "kancane." Kodwa lokhu akusho ukuthi lesi simo kufanele ukugibela!

Kungani uhlelo kufanele ushintshe?

Ubudala XP - eminyakeni engaphezu kuka-14. Zokuvikela, isikhathi akusho nezimagqabhagqabha "zokuqabuleka" ezivela Update Centre, angasasebenzi. Uma ikhompyutha yakho namanje kuwufanele XP, nawe zichayeke izingozi ezinkulu nokulahlekelwa wonke amafayela akho e izenzo isofthiwe enonya (antivirus, futhi kulesi simo ngeke usize). A wokutakula ungomunye izinhlelo Linux amakhompyutha kancane.

Yikuphi ukukhetha?

Njengoba 'nensimbi' amakhompyutha ubudala umcabango kungaba nithintithe ngaphandle archaism yayo, kuyodingeka ukhethe ukukhanya kakhulu, kodwa kakhulu "friendly" version. Kukholakala ukuthi "Linux" ngokuvamile kuyahluka nezidingo zomshini nesizotha kakhulu, kodwa akuyona kakhulu eminyakeni yamuva. Okokuqala, umehluko phakathi izinguqulo ezinkulu. Okwesibili, kuneminyango ukwahlukahlukana uhlelo, okuyinto ongasebenza ngayo cishe ku yokubala.

Yilokho nje okufanayo Gentoo lisha inganikezi, ngakho-ke kungcono ufune into elula. Ngakho lokho Linux ingakhetfwa amakhompyutha kancane? Iphuzu liwukuthi hhayi elula, ukuze choice kufanele wasondela impela kahle.

kukhethwa kakhulu

Professionals ukuncoma ukuyeka ekucwaningeni Linux Mint. Lolu hlelo ekuqaleni bephethe ezihlukahlukene igobolondo sokuqhafaza. Bonke bangabangasokile efana Windows XP ubudala. Ngisho Cinnamon (omunye wabo) isebenza kahle kwi 'nensimbi' endala, nomngane kuphela noma XFCE (noma LDXE) elisho "umzali ekhaya lasebekhulile" amakhompyutha kanye kahle enza.

Kuze esanda kutholakala, for ukufakwa on amadeskithophu amadala kanye laptops angase Kunconywa "Ubuntu" ... Kodwa ngemva Onjiniyela zayo baye bathuthela "Unity", kubasebenzisi imfundamakhwela ukuqala izinkinga mass nge ukuthuthukiswa kohlelo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, igobolondo entsha sokuqhafaza kakhulu "odlulela" ngisho 'nensimbi' elisha, cela a ihluzo ikhadi ezinhle futhi processor inemandla. Kafushane, abanikazi "kwakudala", le nguqulo Linux is contraindicated.

Uma "dinosaur" zakho ibiza okungenani igigabhaythi RAM, wena lizosebenza ngoba "sephizela» Cinnamon. Ukuze uthole ezinye izimo, ebesingakutusa Xfce. Kuyinto lokhu igobolondo kuzoxoxwa ngakho kohlaka lesi sihloko. Ngisho noma ukhethe enye Linux amakhompyutha kancane, kodwa ngesikhathi GUI efanayo (kangaka okuthiwa ama imvelo sokuqhafaza), lezi amathiphu usazoba ewusizo ngawe. Kunoma ikuphi, uyofunda ulwazi oluyisisekelo kakhulu, okuzokwenza Usazoba usizo esikhathini esizayo.

Indlela ukulungiselela lolu shintsho?

Ukuze uqale, udinga ukulanda ISO, umfanekiso Linux Mint. Ngosizo hlelo UltraISO noma ezishile ezifanayo ku-flash drive. Mangisho ukuthi umthamo yayo kufanele okungenani 2GB. Isexwayiso! Yonke idatha izosuswa ngokuzenzakalelayo lapho isistimu ukuqopha, okuyinto ngaphambi ayesezibhebheni yeflophidiski. Ngakho qiniseka ukuthi flash drive ayinazo izincwadi ezibalulekile!

Ekugcineni, uma disk nge "windose" Lesi simiso into ebalulekile kuwe, qiniseka ukuthi ugcina umbhalo kwimidiya esikhiphekayo futhi idatha. Sikholelwa ngokuqinile abakuxwayisa ukuba uyikopishe kudiski "D" noma ukwahlukanisa okunengqondo! Iqiniso liwukuthi izimfundamakhwela ziyaye ongenalwazi lapho "Linux" ngokuvamile "ukubulala" zonke yomdwebo "windose" kungani idatha zonke hard drive ayafa!

ukuqala ukufakwa

Faka flash drive kunoma iyiphi etholakalayo isixhumi USB (kodwa kungcono ukusebenzisa ngemuva) kanye kabusha ikhompyutha yakho. Njengomthetho, kufanele ushintshe ukuze ukuqalisa e BIOS. Kumakhompyutha amaningi kalula imenyu ukuqalisa kukhona F11 futhi F12. Kodwa lokhu kuyiqiniso okwesikhathi amakhompyutha empeleni esasisesisha kanye laptops kuphela.

Uma nje esimweni esinjalo, kubalulekile ukuba usebenzise izici BIOS. Kuyadingeka le nkinobho kuvezwa kokuqala ukuqalisa esibukweni. Ezisetshenziswa kakhulu Del ukhiye bese F2. Uzothola into Boot Priority bese usetha ekuqaleni into yokuqala ku-flash drive. Khona-ke kudingeka uqale kabusha ikhompuyutha yakho. Ukugcina amasethingi, bese iqalise ku BIOS kwakusho F10 kakhulu.

Futhi uma i-computer akusho bheka-USB drive?

Uma ikhompyutha yakho ngempela ubudala, ukuqalisa kusukela flash drive zingase zingasebenzi ngoba 'nensimbi' ngoba kuhloswe, isimiso. Hhayi-ke, futhi akukho lutho olungalungile: zisebenzisa eyayikule DVD. Kakade idrayivu idrayivu optical computer ubudala, kukhona kumele! Londoloza isithombe ku-CD ungasiza uhlelo khulula CDBurnerXP noma uNero. Lesi sakamuva akuyona khulula kodwa functional ngaphezulu. Uma ukufinyelela ikhompyutha "windose" 7/8 ke Umbuso indawo eyengeziwe kungadingeki, njengoba lezi izinhlelo ukusekela akwazi ukugcina okurekhodiwe ekuqaleni.

Uma konke sekuphelile, ungafaka i-Linux kumakhompyutha kancane. Cishe, usazothola Udinga ukufaka i-BIOS ngezindlela esiye kuchaziwe ngenhla. Uma wenza konke ngendlela efanele, isikrini isifaki lizovela.

Ukuhlola kanye ukufakwa

Okubalulekile! ukufakwa Linux kufanele kwenziwe kuphela ngemva kokuba uqinisekise ukuhlinzwa evamile ye-OS kukhompyutha yakho. Ungakhathazeki: kwimidiya oqalisekayo, uyohlale ukuthola i-Live-nguqulo yesistimu. Ngalo, ungabona ncamashi yini noma cha ukuthuthela OS entsha ngokuphelele. Ngakho, ungabheka ukusebenza efanele zokuxhumana ezingenazo izintambo module ubone ukuthi kufanelekile le nguqulo "Linux" kukhadi lakho levidiyo.

Uma Linux Live ukulayishwa, chofoza uphawu ne amagiye ekhoneni ephansi kwesokunxele, okwenza lendawo analog "Qala" imenyu. Thola amaphuzu "uhlelo" kanye "Izilungiselelo": babuthela ulwazi oluyisisekelo mayelana "hardware" ikhompyutha yakho. Uma bonke beqashelwa, konke kulungile. Esikhathini nezinye amaphuzu ungathola kangcono izinhlelo ezifakwe lesi simiso.

Thina iphawule yakho yokuthi ku "bukhoma" simiso zonke esibonakalayo lesiNgisi. Akumele ibe into exakayo. Lapho-ke isahlulelo ukufakwa Linux, ungakhetha isiRashiya e esibukweni isethaphu kuqala. Ekupheleni inqubo uzoba ehunyushelwe ngokuphelele, ngomumo-kuya-ukusetshenziswa uhlelo.

ukufaka

Uma konke ngokulandelana, futhi isipiliyoni sakho usebenzisa omuhle, vele uchofoze isithonjana "Faka Linux Mint», esemgwaqweni kudeskithophu. Njengoba kunjalo nge yiluphi uhlelo isifaki ngaphansi "windose" babe kuqala ukusetha nemingcele eziyisisekelo.

Okokuqala, uhlelo uzohlola isikhala esitholakalayo futhi ukutholakala uxhumano lwe-Inthanethi. Vele uqaphele ukuthi kungaba ukuxhuma kunethiwekhi kwaba, njengoba lokhu kuzonciphisa isibalo eminye "ukuthinta": zonke izibuyekezo nolimi amaphakethe ezizolandwa at the stage of ukufakwa, ukuze ungenawo ukukwenza esikhathini esizayo. Une kuphela ukukhetha izoni yakho yesikhathi, usethe iphasiwedi, igama lomsebenzisi, futhi isendlalelo sekhibhodi. Ngokungafani "windose" Ukukhetha iphasiwedi ukulahla ngeke isebenze, ngakho ubhala kangcono phansi endaweni ethile, ngeke akukhohlwe.

Kungaleso sikhathi kuphela lapho Linux uhlelo ucala kutsatsela amafayela kuma-hard drive yakho. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi le nqubo ithatha phakathi 30-45 imizuzu amandla. Uma konke usulungile, uhlelo Izokwazisa ukuthi iqalise: ngokucophelela ukubheka ukubonisa, njengoba kukhona uzatshelwa lokho iphuzu ufuna ukususa abezindaba ukufakwa.

Yini okufanele ngiyenze ngemuva kokufaka?

Njengoba sishilo, iyiphi inguqulo ye-Linux esebenzisa Xfce imvelo, ngokwesimo sawo kufanele sisebenze imishini ubudala ngokwenama. Ngokushesha ngemva kokungena ngemvume, uzobona ideskithophu kahle elula futhi zisebenza kahle. Uma une ulwazi oluthile nge-computer, nge kuwo uyokufa ukuqaqwa ngokushesha futhi ngaphandle kwezinkinga. Njengomthetho, kungase kuphakame izinkinga ngaphandle uhlolo lokubuka. It sishintsha ngokusebenzisa "Izilungiselelo / Nika amandla." Zonke izihloko bayobe sebekhona kakade kule "lwendabuko futhi enamandla ': Russian Linux kule ndaba kulula ngisho ukuze usethe futhi ufunde!

Uma unomzimba kunjalo, ukuthi, isinqumo kumele afakwe bebodwa, okuzenzakalelayo isethaphu isiqophi ngasizathu simbe ongazange asebenze. Worry hhayi: kufanele iya kumenyu "Isistimu / Driver Manager", khetha ohlwini yalowo owakhunyulwa "Kunconywa" kuphawulwa amazwi, chofoza "Sebenzisa izinguquko" ukulinda kuze kube yilapho inqubo ngokugcwele kuphelile, bese kabusha computer. Esimeni lapho imishini yezokuxhumana engenazo izintambo kwakukhona ezinye izingqinamba, futhi usebenzise "Umphathi abashayeli."

Ngokuvamile, lapho esebenzelana nesizwe "Mintom" babe ucishe izinkinga Windows XP zenzeka abasebenzisi akuvamile obhekana nazo. Ngakho-Linux isethaphu kungaba kuyindaba yokukhathalelwa hhayi kakhulu ajwayelekile, kodwa ukubhekana nakho kalula ngokwanele.

Umsebenzi ngamathuluzi isicelo

Kubo bonke Uhlelo ezinkulu kufinyelelwa nge "Qala" imenyu. Ngokusebenzisa kubha yokusesha ukuze uthole kalula labo amathuluzi, indawo lapho ungazi. Ngokwesibonelo, uma uqala th uthayipha, noma "iposi", uhlelo ngokushesha ubonisa imeyili isicelo-Thunderbird. Kunconywe ukulungisa izinhlelo Balisebenzisa kakhulu "yemisebenzi". Ukuze wenze lokhu, chofoza uphawu lokusebenza ne inkinobho yegundane kwesokudla bese ukhetha into efiselekayo kwimenyu ngeke vela.

"Uhlelo Manager" kukusiza ukufaka lezo isofthiwe isicelo, engesiyo ohlelweni ekuqaleni. Ukuze uqale ke, "System", iya kwimenyu. Njengoba "umphathi" kunezinkulungwane izinhlelo ihlelwa izigaba, ngisho abasebenzisi abangenalwazi stupor nje azenzeki, "Internet", "umsindo nevidiyo", "Graphics", "Imidlalo" kuyokusiza ukuba ukhethe isicelo oyifunayo. Kukhona umsebenzi search, elibuye kusiza umsebenzi nale iphakethe ewusizo. Ngokwesibonelo, ungakwazi uthayiphe ebhokisini a Skype, ngakho ngokushesha lasakazekela ukufakwa ewindini iklayenti.

Ngokuvamile, Abasebenzisi be-Linux izinkulungwane izindlela izinhlelo of "windose". Vele ezimweni eziningi bayobizwa ngokuthi ehlukile kancane. Ukuze uthole ofanele kakhulu isicelo sakho, ungacela usizo ku-inthanethi onke.

umbuzo Ukucinga kukwazi ukwakhiwa lapha njengoba ufisa. Zimba izinkomba, wena uzothola cishe isixazululo osithandayo. By the way! Musa bangafuni ngosizo "Ubuntu" umphakathi. Lezi kukaMoya ezimbili (okusho futhi "Mint") eyakhelwe ngesisekelo ngokuphelele efanayo, ukuze abasebenzisi abanolwazi amathiphu ngokunembile ngeke engadingekile.

Izinzuzo "Isethaphu Centre"

Ake sithi usuthole ncamashi igama hlelo ukuthi udinga ukusebenza. Igama layo ingakopisheka kwenanyekwe ebhokisini lokusesha ku "Umphathi". Qaphela ukuthi abantu ongenalwazi sincoma kakhulu ukusetshenziswa ngiwo, kunokuba download ukufakwa amaphakheji kusuka ku-intanethi. Endaweni yokuqala, ngakho uthola ukukhishwa enokwethenjelwa kakhulu futhi kungase kutholakale. Okwesibili, umuntu ungaqiniseka ngokugcwele ukuphepha ngokuphelele izinhlelo etholakala ngale ndlela. Ngisho best Linux ayinikeli Ukuvikelwa uma ifakiwe "elivulekile ngomqondo" kusukela usithe imithombo isicelo.

Okwesithathu, zonke lezi izicelo kuzobuyekezwa liphakathi, ngesikhathi esifanayo ne ohlelweni. Lokhu akukhona nje elula, kodwa futhi kubaluleke kakhulu ukuphepha kwe-khompyutha yakho ne-amadokhumenti, olutholakalayo ku drive walo kanzima. By endleleni ekhuluma, khona-update yazisa isithonjana isihlangu, elise ekhoneni lesidla eliphansi. Uma kunesidingo, bese, uya "System" imenyu bese ukhetha ukubaluleka esifanele uhlelo yokuthuthukisa inqubo ugijima kwimodi manual.

Bayakhohlwa "Computer yami"

Ukuze ufinyelele Analogue we "Computer yami", udinga uchofoze isithonjana nge isithonjana ifolda ekhoneni ngakwesokunxele (in the "System Tray"). Ku-window esivula has a isithonjana endlini, lapho kulotshiwe igama oyikhethayo ngesikhathi ukufakwa. Chofoza kuso. Iwindi kuvula imenenja yefayela uhlobo evamile, lapho ungakhetha ifolda onesihloko esithi "Isiqophi", "Izithombe" "Imibhalo" nokunye. D. Sikholelwa ukuthi nge aphoyintimenti zabo, uzokwazi ukuba uzazi kahle wena.

Ngomqondo onabile, ukufinyelela ku-USB medium esikhiphekayo kuyoba lula ngisho futhi ayidingi umsebenzisi akukho mzamo. Ingabe lokho kufanele ngokuqinile ukuqonda yokuthi azikho izinhlamvu "Linux" ukuze sibhekisele hard drive. Uma uxhume drive flash noma disk optical, uhlelo akusho kuphela ukwazisa mayelana yimpumelelo obandayo (uxhumano) yabo, kodwa futhi ulethe isithonjana zabo kudeskithophu. Elula elula kakhulu!

Esimweni lapho kukhompyutha yakho amasistimu ezimbili ( "windose" futhi "Linux"), sicela uqaphele ukuthi Linux ngodonga ngaphansi Windows ngaphandle amathuluzi ezikhethekile awabonakali! Ngakho qaphela ukuba ususe "windose" nalwazi!

zokuphepha

Ngomqondo onabile, inkulumo zokuphepha musa ukudlala indima ebalulekile enjalo, njengoba ukube besixoxa evamile "Windu." Kodwa lapha, ngeshwa, musa uphumule. Udinga ukulandela izinyathelo zokuphepha ezimbalwa eziyisisekelo.

izici eziyisisekelo nokuvikeleka sezivele okukhulunywa yithi ngenhla. Eyokuqala - iphasiwedi uhlelo liyadingeka makafe, futhi ukugwema lesi simo akunakwenzeka. It has ukuba owethulwa lapho enza noma yikuphi ukuqhutshwa ukuthi ngandlela-thile kuthinte ukuphepha ikhompyutha yakho. Ngaphandle iphasiwedi, umhlaseli yezinto ngeke bakwazi ukwethula kwikhompyutha yakho noma yiluphi uhlelo enonya. Isici sesibili iyona ukufakwa unomphela izibuyekezo. Ngenhlanhla, ukuthi "Minty", le nqubo kulula futhi esobala.

Uma ukukhokhela ukunakekelwa okukhethekile ukuze zokuphepha, ungakwazi ukufaka izinhlelo ezengeziwe ukulawula le ipharamitha. Qaphela ukuthi eziningi zalezi amathuluzi Umsebenzi usebenzisa umugqa wemiyalo ukusebenzisa. Ngenxa yale njongo esibulalayo, okuyinto okubangelwa sekhibhodi Win T.